Changes in intermediate metabolism and oxidative balance parameters in sexually matured three-barbeled catfishes exposed to herbicides from rice crops (Roundup®, Primoleo® and Facet®).

This study analyzed the effect of different concentrations of herbicides (Facet®, Primoleo®, and Roundup®) on metabolism and oxidative balance (superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, lipid peroxidation) in the gills, liver, kidneys, and tail muscle of adult catfish. All herbicides caused protein depletion in gills, increased glycogen and triacylglycerol consumption in the liver, and changes in muscle glycogen. Roundup® and Primoleo® stimulated lipid deposition in the liver, while Roundup® and Facet® stimulated lipid consumption in gills. In kidneys, protein content increased after Roundup® and Primoleo® exposure, glycogen increased after Facet®, and lipids increased after Roundup®. Primoleo® had the strongest effect on muscle, with changes in all metabolites. Regarding oxidative stress, the liver and kidneys were the organs most affected by exposure to herbicides, and catalase was the main enzyme involved in the detoxification of these herbicides. A hierarchy of toxicity was established for the tested chemicals: Facet® > Primoleo® > Roundup®.

Metabolic parameters and oxidative balance in juvenile Rhamdia quelen exposed to rice paddy herbicides: Roundup®, Primoleo®, and Facet®.

The present study sought to assess the response of Rhamdia quelen juveniles (6-8 cm total body length) to exposure to different concentrations of three herbicides: Roundup® Original (18, 36, 72, and 144 µg/L), Primoleo® (2.5, 5, 10, and 15 µg/L), and Facet® (1.75, 3.5, 7, and 14 µg/L). Total protein (TP), glycogen (GG), total lipids (TL), triacylglycerols (TAG), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), and activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in gills, liver, kidneys, and muscle were measured by spectrophotometry. Roundup® (glyphosate) reduced the TP, GG, and TL in gills and TL in liver and kidney and increased TP in liver and increased GG in muscle. In contrast to Primoleo® (atrazine), all tissues stored TAG and consumed LT, besides the gills also reduced PT. There was still an increase in GG in the kidneys and muscle. Facet® (quinclorac) induced changes mainly in the liver (increased TP, TL, and TAG content) and muscle (increased GG, TL, and TAG depletion). Gill tissue exhibited TP depletion alone, and kidney tissue metabolism was unchanged. This fish species appears capable of modulating its enzymes to the point where it sustains no oxidative damage as a result of exposure to the herbicides glyphosate (possibly due to increased CAT activity), atrazine (despite no changes in SOD or CAT activity), and quinclorac (with increased lipid peroxidation, particularly in gill, kidney, and muscle tissue, despite elevated SOD activity). Although it is not considered a target species, R. quelen suffers harmful effects from interaction with these herbicides.