Ferulic acid-loaded collagen hydrolysate and polycaprolactone nanofibres for tissue engineering applications.

There is a great need for the progress of composite biomaterials, which are effective for tissue engineering applications. In this work, the development of composite electrospun nanofibres based on polycaprolactone (PCL) and collagen hydrolysate (CH) loaded with ferulic acid (FA) for the treatment of chronic wounds. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) has been applied to nanofibres factor manufacturing assisted by electrospinning. For wound healing applications, the authors have created the efficacy of CH, and PCL membranes can act as a stable, protective cover for wound, enabling continuous FA release. The findings of the RSM showed a reasonably good fit with a polynomial equation of the second order which was statistically acceptable at P < 0.05. The optimised parameters include the quantity of hydrolysate collagen, the voltage applied and the distance from tip-to-collector. Based on the Box-Behnken design, the RSM was used to create a mathematical model and optimise nanofibres with minimum diameter production conditions. Using FTIR, TGA and SEM, optimised nanofibres were defined. In vitro, cytocompatibility trials showed that there was an important cytocompatibility of the optimised nanofibres, which was proved by cell proliferation and cell morphology. In this research, the mixed nanofibres of PCL and CH with ferulic could be a potential biomaterial for wound healing.

5 Fluorouracil-loaded biosynthesised gold nanoparticles for the in vitro treatment of human pancreatic cancer cell.

In this study, green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was performed by a sunlight irradiation method using the Borassus flabellifer fruit extract as a reducing agent. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-loaded GG capped AuNPs (5FU-G-AuNPs) was prepared. The nanoparticles was further characterised by UV-visible spectra, particle size analysis, zeta potential, SAED, HRTEM, and XRD. The MTT assay results showed the suitability 5-FU-G-AuNPs. In this study, 5-FU-G-AuNPs exhibited potential cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on (MiaPaCa-2) cell line.

Type I collagen peptides and nitric oxide releasing electrospun silk fibroin scaffold: A multifunctional approach for the treatment of ischemic chronic wounds.

Biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds targeting multiple dysfunctional processes provide a multi-pronged strategy to restore functions and regenerate the damaged tissue. This study investigates a strategy of combining a regenerative component, Type I collagen Peptide (CP), along with a nitric oxide donor, S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), in the form of nanofibrous scaffold to address the non-healing diabetic ulcer. Silk Fibroin-Polyvinyl alcohol (SF-PVA) nanofibrous scaffold is used as a carrier for delivering functional moieties. The developed nanofibrous electrospun mats (SF-PVA, CP-SF-PVA, and CP-GSNO-SF-PVA) showed continuous, bead-less and randomly oriented fibers with highly porous morphology. The in vitro biocompatibility was assessed by MTT assay, DAPI-Rhodamine 123 and FITC-Phalloidin imaging studies. CP-GSNO-SF-PVA nanofibrous scaffold showed a high degree of cell attachment, spreading of F-actin with viable cell morphology and appreciable inter-cellular connection. Thus the study showed that the proliferation of fibroblast cells are mainly facilitated by the presence of collagen peptide in the nanofibrous matrix. Griess assay demonstrated immediate release of NO for a day from the developed multifunctional scaffold. These results demonstrate the in vitro efficacy of CP-GSNO and indicate the opportunity of CP-GSNO-SF-PVA nanofibrous scaffold for the treatment of ischemic non-healing ulcers.

Collagen-silica bio-composite enriched with Cynodon dactylon extract for tissue repair and regeneration.

Development of biomaterials for tissue engineering applications is of great interest to meet the demand of different clinical requirements. The wound heal dressing biomaterials should necessarily contain well-defined therapeutic components and desirable physical, chemical and biological properties to support optimal delivery of therapeutics at the site of the wound. In this study, we developed collagen-silica wound heal scaffold incorporated with the extract of Cynodon dactylon, characterized and evaluated for its wound heal potential in vitro and in vivo against collagen (Col) and Collagen-silica (CS) scaffolds that served as controls. The prepared Collagen-Silica-Cynodon extract (CSCE) scaffold exhibits porous morphology with preferable biophysical, chemical, mechanical and mass transfer properties besides its controlled biodegradation at the wound site. Stability of CSCE was found to be better than that of native collagen due to intermolecular interactions between collagen and constituents of C. dactylon as confirmed by FTIR analysis. Notably, in vitro biocompatibility assay using DAPI and Rhodamine 123 staining demonstrated that the proliferation of NIH3T3 fibroblast cells was better for CSCE when compared to the Col and CS scaffolds. In vivo wound healing experiments with full-thickness excision wounds in wistar rat model demonstrated that the wounds treated with CSCE showed accelerated healing with enhanced collagen deposition when compared to wounds treated with Col and CS scaffolds, and these studies substantiated the efficacy of CSCE scaffold for treating wounds.

Collagen-fucoidan blend film with the potential to induce fibroblast proliferation for regenerative applications.

Collagen is a unique protein abundantly present in the connective tissues of mammals and widely used for biomaterial preparation. In this study, we synthesized and characterized collagen-fucoidan blend films for tissue regenerative properties. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were used for thermal analysis of the blend films, and the films exhibited higher thermal stability and denaturation temperature (Td) than those of native collagen due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding interaction between collagen and fucoidan, which was analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. Morphological evaluation of these films using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed smaller pore size than the control. Moreover, fucoidan protects collagen against enzymatic degradation and thereby increases the structural stability of collagen. Further, the in vitro studies of the synthesized films showed that they effectively facilitated the proliferation and migration of fibroblast cells without exhibiting toxicity. These study results suggested that the collagen-fucoidan blend films are a favorable substrate for growth of fibroblast cells, and may have great potential for tissue engineering applications.

Type I collagen and its daughter peptides for targeting mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis: A new treatment strategy.

Ulcerative colitis, particularly the chronic persistent form is characterized by the presence of active inflammation and extensive areas of ulceration in the colonic mucosa. The existing treatment protocol aims at only reducing intestinal inflammation, rather than targeting mucosal ulceration. In this study, type I collagen and its daughter peptides called collagen hydrolysate, highly popular reconstructive materials for tissue engineering applications, are hypothesized as healing matrices to target the recuperation of internal mucosal ulceration. The clinical assessments on day 10 of dextran sodium sulfate induced colitis in mice model revealed that both the collagen (1.56±0.29) and collagen hydrolysate treatments (1.33±0.33) showed a significant reduction in the rectal bleeding compared to the reference mesalamine treatment (2.50±0.33) and untreated negative control (2.40±0.40). VEGF, a potent angiogenic growth factor, over expressed during UC was down-regulated by collagen hydrolysate (1.06±0.25) and collagen (1.76±0.45) to a greater extent than by mesalamine (2.59±0.51) and untreated control (4.17±0.15). The down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6 also follows the same pattern. Histological observations were in accordance with the clinical indicators. Both collagen and collagen hydrolysate treatments showed significant reduction in mucosal damage score and facilitated faster regeneration of damaged mucosa.