Evaluation of Total Hip Arthroplasty Performed from a Lateral Approach as Optimal Treatment for Femoral Neck Fractures in Elderly, Active Patients.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate total hip arthroplasty in terms of clinical and functional outcomes, rate of complications and hospitalization, as a treatment of choice for displaced femoral neck fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 526 patients with THA operated on in our department between January 2017 and December 2021. Clinical examinations, functional outcome assessment and radiographic evaluation were performed during follow-up. Patients were evaluated at the following time points: postoperatively at 3 days, 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 1 year, and we recorded surgery related data, complications, Visual Analogue Scale pain score, Harris Hip Score, the Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis Index, and range of motion. RESULTS: Low intraoperative blood loss, short surgical time, short hospitalization, early mobilization of the patient and a good range of motion testify that the modified direct lateral approach is a valuable procedure for the patients with THA. A VAS score evaluated at 3 days and 6 weeks indicated a very good overall postoperative experience. The HHS and Womac scores were evaluated at 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 1 year and showed excellent results. CONCLUSION: THA for active patients with a displaced fracture of the femoral neck is an excellent treatment option which provides lasting pain relief, a high level of function and very low rates of reoperation.

The Impact of Complex Rehabilitation Treatment on Sarcopenia-Pathology with an Endocrine Morphological Substrate and Musculoskeletal Implications.

The pathogenesis of sarcopenia is multifactorial, including changes in the endocrine system. Easy-to-perform screening tests can guide the diagnosis of sarcopenia and the rehabilitation therapeutic conduct, which can act on many physiopathological links. This study was conducted over a period of 5 months, from April to August 2022, and included 84 patients hospitalized for a period of 10 days in the Balneal and Rehabilitation Sanatorium Techirghiol for complex physiotherapy, which included balneotherapy. In dynamics, both at admission and discharge, specific screening tests for sarcopenia (SARC-F questionnaire, grip strength, testing muscle strength at the level of the quadriceps, sit-to-stand tests (the time required for five consecutive rises and the number of rises performed in 30 s)) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain were performed. The study was conducted according to the norms of deontology and medical ethics. Results: A significant proportion of patients had a positive result in at least one of the tests for the screening of sarcopenia syndrome. The most eloquent results were obtained from the statistical analysis of the following parameters evaluated at admission: the SARC-F questionnaire and the sit-to-stand test-the number of rises in 30 s. In terms of dynamics, after performing the complex rehabilitation treatment, the patients recorded improvements in the established screening tests and improvements in pain symptoms evaluated with the help of the VAS. Conclusions: Sarcopenia, a pathology developed with aging, is frequently encountered among adults. In the future, it is important to perform screening for sarcopenia in both endocrinology and medical rehabilitation clinics. Good management of sarcopenia can influence therapeutic conduct and can prevent complications, improving the functional capacity and the quality of life of the patients.

Schwannoma: A Rare Case of Submucosal Gastric Tumor.

Schwannoma is a tumor that originates from the Schwann cells that surround a neuron's axon. This tumor is very rare in the gastrointestinal tract and develops submucosally from intestinal nerve plexuses. The most common location for gastrointestinal schwannomas is the stomach, where they account for only 0.2% of gastric tumors. We present the case of a 56-year-old asymptomatic patient who was diagnosed, following a routine ultrasound examination, with an abdominal tumor. An abdominal MRI confirmed the gastric origin of the tumor. Although a subsequent upper-digestive endoscopic ultrasound was performed, a definitive diagnosis could not be established. Thus, a laparoscopic wedge resection of the stomach was performed. The immunohistochemical examination of the tumor established the diagnosis of benign schwannoma. Despite the availability of advanced endoscopy and imaging techniques, the diagnosis of gastric schwannoma is very rarely preoperative. The immunohistochemical identification of S-100 on the surgical specimen confirmed the diagnosis.

PD-L1, CD4+, and CD8+ Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) Expression Profiles in Melanoma Tumor Microenvironment Cells.

(1) Background: Because melanoma is an aggressive tumor with an unfavorable prognosis, we aimed to characterize the PD-L1 expression in melanomas in association with T cell infiltrates because PD-1/PD-L1 blockade represents the target in treating melanoma strategy. (2) Methods: The immunohistochemical manual quantitative methods of PD-L1, CD4, and CD8 TILs were performed in melanoma tumor microenvironment cells. (3) Results: Most of the PD-L1 positive, expressing tumors, have a moderate score of CD4+ TILs and CD8+TILs (5-50% of tumor area) in tumoral melanoma environment cells. The PD-L1 expression in TILs was correlated with different degrees of lymphocytic infiltration described by the Clark system (X2 = 8.383, p = 0.020). PD-L1 expression was observed often in melanoma cases, with more than 2-4 mm of Breslow tumor thickness being the associated parameters (X2 = 9.933, p = 0.014). (4) Conclusions: PD-L1 expression represents a predictive biomarker with very good accuracy for discriminating the presence or absence of malign tumoral melanoma cells. PD-L1 expression was an independent predictor of good prognosis in patients with melanomas.

Emergency Care for Burn Patients-A Single-Center Report.

Burns, one of the main public health problems, lead to significant mortality and morbidity. Epidemiological studies regarding burn patients in Romania are scarce. The aim of this study is to identify the burn etiology, demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes in patients requiring treatment in a regional burn unit. DESIGN: We performed a retrospective observational study of 2021. PATIENTS: All patients admitted to our six-bed intensive care unit (ICU) were included. INTERVENTIONS: The following data were collected for further analysis: demographics, burn pattern (etiology, size, depth, affected body region), type of ventilation, ABSI (Abbreviated Burn Severity Index) score, comorbidities, bioumoral parameters, and hospitalization days. RESULTS: There were 93 burned patients included in our study that were divided into two groups: alive patients' group (63.4%) and deceased patients' group (36.6%). The mean age was 55.80 ± 17.16 (SD). There were 65.6% male patients, and 39.8% of the patients were admitted by transfer from another hospital. Further, 59 patients presented third-degree burns, from which 32.3% died. Burns affecting >37% of the total body surface area (TBSA) were noticed in 30 patients. The most vulnerable regions of the body were the trunk (p = 0.003), the legs (p = 0.004), the neck (p = 0.011), and the arms (p = 0.020). Inhalation injury was found in 60.2% of the patients. The risk of death in a patient with an ABSI score > 9 points was 72 times higher. Comorbidities were present in 44.1% of the patients. We observed a median LOS (length of stay) of 23 days and an ICU-LOS of 11 days. Logistic regression analysis showed that admission protein, creatinkinase, and leukocytes were independent risk factors for mortality. The general mortality rate was 36.6%. CONCLUSION: A thermal factor was responsible for the vast majority of burns, 94.6% of cases being accidents. Extensive and full-thickness burns, burns affecting the arms, inhalation injuries, the need for mechanical ventilation, and a high ABSI score represent important risk factors for mortality. Considering the results, it appears that prompt correction of protein, creatinkinase, and leukocytes levels may contribute to improvement in severe burn patients' outcomes.

Utility of sFtl-1 and Placental Growth Factor Ratio for Adequate Preeclampsia Management.

Introduction: The pathophysiology of preeclampsia is represented by placental ischemia and the release of angiogenic factors. Recent research suggests that using the value of the sFtl-1/PIGF ratio is more accurate for monitoring angiogenic activity. The aim of this study consists in assessing the clinical utility of the sFtl-1/PIGF ratio in determining the diagnosis and severity of preeclampsia. Material and Methods: In our study a descriptive and prospective plan was used for analyzing the specific value of the sFtl-1/PIGF ratio in women with preeclampsia and in women with gestational hypertension, depending on the gestational age and severity. Results: The study included 59 women with preeclampsia and 25 women with gestational hypertension. The mean value of the sFtl-1/PIGF ratio of pregnant women with preeclampsia was 209.2 pg/mL, while in the gestational hypertension group, the mean value of the sFtl-1/PIGF ratio was 46.08 pg/mL. The difference between the value of the sFtl-1/PIGF ratio of the group with preeclampsia and the gestational hypertension group was > 67 (pg/mL), with a sensitivity of 86.44% and a specificity of 92.00%. Significant differences were found between the median values of the sFtl-1/PIGF ratio in pregnant women with severe preeclampsia in the early-onset subgroup compared to those in the late-onset subgroup (307 pg/mL, and 98 pg/mL, respectively, p = 0.009 < α = 0.05). Conclusions: The sFtl-1/PIGF ratio may be an alternative method for diagnosing preeclampsia and it can provide data about this condition's severity.

Fetal Growth Restriction and Clinical Parameters of Newborns from HIV-Infected Romanian Women.

Background and Objectives: The present study assessed the fetal growth restriction and clinical parameters of both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative and HIV-positive newborns from HIV-infected mothers in two HIV-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome regional centers (RCs) in Constanta and Craiova, Romania, in order to evaluate the adverse birth-related outcomes. Materials and Methods: These represent a retrospective study conducted between 2008 and 2019, in which 408 pregnant HIV-positive women, 244 from Constanta RC and 164 from Craiova RC, were eligible to participate in the study. Consecutive singleton pregnancies delivered beyond 24 weeks of pregnancy were included. Growth restriction in newborns was defined as the birth weight (BW) being less than the third percentile, or three out of the following: BW < 10th percentile; head circumference (HC) < 10th percentile; birth length (BL) < 10th percentile; prenatal diagnosis of fetal growth restriction; and maternal pregnancy information. Of the 244 newborns delivered in Constanta, RC, 17 were HIV-positive, while in Craiova, RC, of the 164 newborns, 9 were HIV-positive. All HIV-positive women were on combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) during pregnancy, similar to all HIV-positive newborns who received ARTs for the first six weeks. We search for the influence of anthropometrical parameters (i.e., HC, BL, and BW), as well as clinical parameters (i.e., newborn sex and Apgar score) for both HIV-negative and HIV-positive newborns, along with the survival rate of HIV-positive newborns. Results: There were no differences in the sex of the newborns within either group, with more than 50% being boys. Similarly, the Apgar score did not show any statistically significant values between the two groups (i.e., p = 0.544 for HIV-positive newborns vs. p = 0.108 for HIV-negative newborns). Interestingly, our results showed that in Craiova, RC, there was a chance of 2.16 to find an HIV-negative newborn with an HC < 10th percentile and a 2.54 chance to find an HIV-negative newborn with a BL < 10th percentile compared to Constanta, RC, without any significant differences. On the contrary, Constanta, RC, represented a higher risk of death (i.e., 3.049 times, p = 0.0470) for HIV-positive newborns compared to Craiova, RC. Conclusions: Our results support the idea that follow-up of fetal growth restriction should be part of postnatal care in this high-risk population to improve adverse birth-related outcomes.

Intestinal Permeability and Depression in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Depression is a global health problem that requires an early and accurate diagnosis to ensure quick access to appropriate treatment. Among multiple psychopathological paths, recent attention has focused on analysing the brain-gut-microbiota axis. The intestinal barrier plays a key role, and dysfunctions occurring at this level have implications for mental health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of intestinal permeability biomarkers, i.e., calprotectin, zonulin, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FAB), in relation to depression in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This is the first study of this kind taking place in Romania, Eastern Europe, with an emphasis on patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The correlations identified between depression and calprotectin and depression and LBP have the potential to shed light on the process of rapid diagnosis of depression with the help of biomarkers. Since depression is correlated with a decrease in the quality of life in patients with IBD, the need for access to appropriate treatments must be urgent.

Epidemiological Characteristics and Mortality Risk Factors Comparison in Dialysis and Non-Dialysis CKD Patients with COVID-19-A Single Center Experience.

(1) Background: Despite some controversies between studies, chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a negative impact on COVID-19 outcomes, with patients presenting a higher mortality risk than in the general population. Studies have shown an association between COVID-19 severe cases and different inflammatory biomarkers. The aim of this study was to emphasize the epidemiological characteristics of CKD patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and to determine if the risk of mortality, and the severity of this infection might be influenced by different parameters. (2) Methods: Our retrospective study included CKD patients with COVID-19­362 in the non-dialysis group and 132 in the dialysis group. (3) Results: There were significant statistical differences between our groups regarding age (p < 0.001), hemoglobin (p < 0.001), interleukin-6 (p < 0.001), serum albumin (p = 0.016), procalcitonin (p = 0.002), ferritin (p < 0.001), and of course serum creatinine (p < 0.001). Even if the risk of death was higher in the dialysis group (Exp(b) = 1.839), the survival proportions were similar in both groups. (4) Conclusions: High values of hemoglobin, serum creatinine, and LDH at admission, age, length of hospital stay ≤ 10 days, and a pulmonary impairment > 25% are responsible for an adverse outcome in non-dialysis and dialysis patients diagnosed with COVID-19.

HPV and HIV Coinfection in Women from a Southeast Region of Romania-PICOPIV Study.

Background and Objectives: Romania faces one of the highest cervical cancer burdens in Europe though it is a preventable cancer through population screening by cytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) detection. Also, it has one of the highest incidences of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. HPV and HIV coinfection are frequently encountered. The aim of study was to establish the prevalence of HPV infection among HIV-positive women in Southeast Region of Romania, to genotype high risk HPV types -and to correlate the results with clinical data and cytological cervical lesions. Materials and Methods: 40 HIV-positive women were screened for HPV types and for cytological cervical lesions. The findings were evaluated in correlation with CD4 cell counts, HIV viral load, age at first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, vaginal candidiasis, and Gardnerella using statistical methods. Results: 19/40 (47.5%) women were positive for HPV types, 63.15% infected with single HPV type and 36.85% with multiple HPV types. The most frequent types were type: 31 (42.1%), 56 (31.57%), 53 (15.78%). On cytology, 34 (85%) women were found with NILM of which 38.23% were HPV-positive. Fifteen percent of women had abnormal cytology (three ASC-US, three LSIL), and all of them were HPV-positive. Through analyzing the value of CD4 count, women with CD4 count ≤ 200 cells/µL were found to be significantly more likely to be infected with HPV; meanwhile there was no correlation between the detection of HPV types and HIV viral load. Candida or Gardnerella were more often associated with HIV-positive women with HPV, than in women without HPV. Conclusions: Infection with HPV types is common among HIV-positive women in the Southeast Region of Romania and it is associated with age at the beginning of sexual life, number of sexual partners, CD4 value, vaginal candidiasis, and Gardnerella infection.

Antegrade intramedullary locking nail in the management of proximal and middle thirds of humeral diaphyseal fractures.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the antegrade intramedullary locking nail osteosynthesis for the treatment of the proximal and middle thirds of humeral shaft fractures. METHODS: A retrospective study was made on 218 patients diagnosed with humeral diaphysis fractures who undergo surgery with antegrade intramedullary locking nail between January 2017 and December 2021. The clinical follow-up started two days after surgery and continued at one month, three months, six months and one year. The functional recovery evaluation was performed using visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Rating Scale of American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Form (ASES), Mayo Elbow Performance Score System (MEPS) and rate of complications. RESULTS: Low intra-operative blood loss, short operation time, short hospitalisation, early mobilisation of the patient and high union rate imposed intramedullary nailing as a standard procedure for the treatment of proximal and middle thirds of humeral diaphyseal fractures in the past years, and the union rate was 99.5%. VAS score evaluated at one month, three months and six months indicated a very good overall post-operative experience. The ASES and MEPS score were evaluated at six months and one year and showed excellent results. All the patients (except 1 case) were able to return to their previous jobs within six months. CONCLUSION: Humeral nailing is associated with early return to function of the upper limb, with very good clinical and functional outcomes of the shoulder and elbow. This method could be considered the best surgical option for the management of proximal middle humeral fractures.

Overview of Renal Replacement Therapy Use in a General Intensive Care Unit.

OBJECTIVES: Population-based studies regarding renal replacement therapy (RRT) used in critical care populations are useful to understand the trend and impact of medical care interventions. We describe the use of RRT and associated outcomes (mortality and length of intensive care stay) in a level 1 hospital. DESIGN: A retrospective descriptive observational study. PATIENTS: Critically ill patients admitted to the ICU from 1 January to 31 December 2018. INTERVENTIONS: Age, gender, ward of admission, primary organ dysfunction at admission, length of hospital stay (LOS), mechanical ventilation, APACHE, SOFA and ISS scores, the use of vasopressors, transfusion, RRT and the number of RRT sessions were extracted. RESULTS: 1703 critically ill patients were divided into two groups: the RRT-group (238 patients) and the non-RRT group (1465 patients). The mean age was 63.58 ± 17.52 (SD) in the final ICU studied patients (64.72 ± 16.64 SD in the RRT-group), 60.5% being male. Patients admitted from general surgery ward needing RRT were 41.4%. The specific scores, the use of vasopressors, transfusions and mortality were higher in the RRT-group. The ICU LOS was superior in the RRT-group, regardless of the primary organ dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: RRT was practiced in 13.9% of patients (especially after age of 61), with mortality being the outcome for 66.8% of the RRT-group patients. All analyzed data were higher in the RRT group, especially for multiple trauma and surgical patients, or patients presenting cardiac or renal dysfunctions at admission. We found significant increased ISS scores in the RRT-group, a significant association between the need of vasopressors or transfusion requirement and RRT use, and an association in the number of RRT sessions and LOS (p < 0.001).

Open Healing: A Minimally Invasive Protocol with Flapless Ridge Preservation in Implant Patients.

We aimed to validate the safety and efficacy of the minimally invasive "open healing" flapless technique for post-extraction socket and alveolar ridge preservation, while assessing the alveolar bone changes. The study enrolled (n = 104) patients (0.55 sex ratio), with atraumatic extraction of (N = 135) hopeless teeth, followed by either immediate placement of tissue level implants (N1 = 26), or later stage implant insertion (N2 = 109). No flap was raised in either situation. Post-extraction sockets were filled with deproteinized bovine bone granules and covered by collagen resorbable membrane-left purposely exposed during healing. This yielded an uneventful healing, with sufficient bone formation, while avoiding soft-tissue problems. The need for additional augmentation was assessed clinically and by calibrated CBCT scans at six months, before either loading (N1) or implant insertion (N2). Implant success and survival rate were evaluated at 12-, 24-, and 60-month follow-up control sessions. The inserted implants had a survival rate of 98.5% and a success rate of 94.8% at five-year follow-up. Open healing technique with flapless approach can be favorable for preserving the 3D architecture of the post-extraction socket, as well as the alveolar ridge width and height.

Early diagnosis and management of maternal ureterohydronephrosis during pregnancy.

Maternal ureterohydronephrosis (UHN) is a common anatomical change during the evolution of pregnancy, diagnosed especially after the 20th week of pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the stages of UHN during pregnancy, depending on the gestational age, and to monitor the symptomatology and the adequate management. A total of 58 pregnant women with UHN, hospitalized in the Constanta County Emergency Hospital, were included in the present study, and had nephrological monitoring using ultrasound examination. Right UHN was observed in all cases and left UHN was observed in only 67.24% of the cases. Regarding the gestational age, right UHN grade III was most commonly seen between 27 and 31 weeks of pregnancy (48.6% of total right UHN grade III from the studied group). The data showed that gestational age and grade of UHN had a highly dependent association in the studied group. The majority of our patients (67.24%) were symptomatic, and the most common complaint on presentation was lumbar pain. According to the visual analog scale (VAS) of the lumbar pain, the group could be distributed as follows: 17.24% with severe pain, 36.21% with moderate pain and 13.79% with mild pain. Eight pregnant women (13.79%) from the present study developed UHN due to passage of a ureteral stone, although the majority of the patients experienced complications with urinary tract infection and acute kidney injury. In addition, 97% of the symptomatic UHN responded to conservatory treatment and only 2 patients (3.45%) with severe symptomatic UHN needed ureteral stent insertion. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23. The study highlighted the existence of an association between gestational age and UHN grading.

Assessment of programmed death-ligand 1 receptor immunohistochemical expression and its association with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and p53 status in triple-negative breast cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) is the second most frequent type of cancer for both sexes combined, after lung cancer. Triple-negative BC (TNBC) molecular subtype is characterized by lack of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) immunoexpression or amplification and represent 10-20% of all BC cases. The issue of the present study was to analyze the associations between programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunoexpression and distribution of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (stTILs) combined with clinico-morphological features of patients with TNBC. Secondly, our research evaluated PD-L1 immunoexpression as a prognostic factor and its correlation with p53 immunoexpression. Thirty cases with primary TNBC without prior neoadjuvant therapy were included in this research. stTILs were identified in all cases, most of them with low distribution (66.7%). A positive immunoreaction for PD-L1 was observed in 40% of cases. The PD-L1 immunoexpression was statistically significant associated with age, pathological tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, stTILs level, the presence of cluster of differentiation 8-positive (CD8+) TILs and p53 immunoexpression. In the present study, a positive PD-L1 immunoexpression was associated with a worse distant metastasis free survival (DMFS). We also found not only that high stTILs level were associated with a better DMFS but also that there was a statistically significant association between stTILs level and PD-L1 immunoexpression. Our results bring new insights to the fine connections between tumor microenvironment and molecular changes of TNBC. It helps us to better understand these aggressive tumors to identify the more useful biomarkers for predicting the response to adjuvant therapy and can represent a method for selecting the most suitable patients for immunotherapy.

The Ideal Time for Iron Administration in Anemia Secondary to Blood Loss-An Experimental Animal Model.

BACKGROUND: Anemia and iron deficiency are two of the main public health problems worldwide, associated with negative outcomes in surgical patients. This experimental study aimed to create a model of acute iron deficiency with anemia through blood loss and extensive surgery. Afterwards, intravenous iron was administered to correct the iron deficiency and to improve the hematological parameters in distinct moments regarding the surgical time. To assess the optimum time for therapeutic intervention, experimental subjects were compared, performing clinical, paraclinical, and histological examinations, as well. METHODS: Male rats (n = 35), aged 11-13 months, were randomly designated into six groups. Anemia and iron deficiency were obtained through a 15% blood volume loss, followed by major surgical intervention (femur fracture and osteosynthesis using Kirschner wire). Therapeutic intervention was obtained with an intravenous ferric carboxymaltose infusion, as follows: group II: intraoperative (n = 7), group III: 48 h after surgery (n = 7), group IV: 48 h before surgery (n = 5), and group V: seven days before surgery (n = 6). Group I (n = 5) was left anemic, while group 0 (n = 5) was nonanemic without therapeutic intervention. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In group I, serum iron lower than in group 0 (27.04 ± 6.92 µg/dL versus 60.5 ± 2.34 µg/dL), as well as hemoglobin (10.4 ± 0.54 g/dL versus 14.32 ± 2.01 g/dL) and ferritin values (22.52 ± 0.53 ng/mL versus 29.86 ± 3.97 ng/mL), validated the experimental model. Regarding wound healing after surgical trauma, we observed that neovascularization was more significant in group III, followed by group V, with fewer neutrophils, a well-represented and rich in lymphomonocytes inflammatory infiltrate associated with the biggest collagen fiber dimensions. The periosteal reaction and callus area presented thicker trabeculae in groups II and III compared to the anemic group. CONCLUSIONS: This original experimental study assessed the effect of perioperative intravenous iron administration at a specific time by comparing the weight, hematological, and iron status-defining parameters, as well as histological characteristics of the included subjects. The present findings highlight that correcting the iron deficiency in emergency settings through intravenous iron administration intraoperatively or 48 h postoperatively could determine the improved bioumoral parameters, as well as a better evolution of the postoperative wound and bone healing compared to the anemic group or subjects that received therapeutic intervention 48 h before surgery.

Predictors of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in Romanian adults with liver cirrhosis: Focus on the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a severe complication of liver cirrhosis whose diagnosis is based on a polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) value >250 mm3, yet this PMN value cannot identify all existing types. The aim of our study was to determine the clinical and biological factors that were associated with SBP and predict its occurrence, focusing on the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as one of them. Our retrospective study included 216 patients with liver cirrhosis who were hospitalized between December 2019 and January 2010 at the Emergency County Clinical Hospital of 'St. Apostle Andrew' in Constanta, Romania. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected from patient observation sheets. The patients were divided into two groups: One group of patients with SBP and the other without SBP. The diagnosis of SBP was made when patients presented with PMN >250 mm3 and other causes of secondary bacterial peritonitis were excluded. The mean age of the patients was 61.25±10.67 years, and the alcoholic etiology of liver cirrhosis was most common (44%). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that there was an association between biological parameters, such as serum white blood cells, total platelet count, total bilirubin, serum albumin, international normalized ratio, creatinine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum sodium, alkaline reserve, and NLR, and clinical parameters, such us upper gastrointestinal bleeding and cardiac comorbidities in the occurrence of SBP. Multivariate analysis identified ESR and NLR as predictive factors in the occurrence of SBP. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.916 [P<0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.870-0.949] for ESR and AUC was 0.963 (P<0.001, 95% CI 0.928-0.984) for NLR, respectively. In conclusion, the combination of these 2 biological parameters is useful in identifying or excluding SBP.

Dexamethasone on absent end-diastolic flow in umbilical artery, in growth restricted fetuses from early-onset preeclamptic pregnancies and the perinatal outcome.

BACKGROUND: Absent end-diastolic flow (AEDF) in the umbilical artery (UA) worsens the already poor prognosis of growth-restricted fetuses (GRFs) in pregnancies complicated by early-onset preeclampsia with severe features (ESP). METHOD: We assessed the correlation between the effect of maternal dexamethasone (Dex) on AEDF in the UA and perinatal outcomes, in 59 GRFs from EPS-complicated pregnancies. The maternal outcome was also evaluated. RESULTS: The mean maternal age at inclusion was 22.4 ± 5.9 years. Dex transiently restored EDF in the UA in 38 (64.4%) cases (trAEDF group), but in 21 (35.6%) patients, the flow was persistently absent (prAEDF group). The effect lasted up to the 4th day.The gestational age at diagnosis, number of days from admission until delivery, and fetal weight were significantly lower in the prAEDF group than in the trAEDF group (p < .05). The same group had a significantly increased rate of fetal proximal deterioration, low APGAR scores, neonatal hypoxia, assisted ventilation, mild intraventricular haemorrhage (I/II), and respiratory distress syndrome, as well as maternal deterioration, especially in cases of resistant hypertension (p < .05). Although the rates of fetal acidemia and perinatal mortality in the prAEDF group were respectively three times and two times higher, the differences were not significant (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS: The Dex no-effect on UA Doppler in GRFs with AEDF in the UA, in EPS-complicated pregnancies, can be a useful marker for a higher risk of proximal fetal deterioration, poor state at delivery, neonatal hypoxic complications, and worsening maternal condition, but not for perinatal mortality. The findings also highlight the alarmingly younger age of patients with EPS. Finally, all these pregnancies should be monitored in a complex multidisciplinary manner in tertiary referral units.Key messageThe effect of dexamethasone on absent end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery in growth-restricted fetuses from pregnancies complicated by early-onset preeclampsia with severe features can be a useful prognostic factor for perinatal outcomes.

Biomarkers involved in evaluation of platelets function in South-Eastern Romanian patients with hematological malignancies subtypes.

ABSTRACT: At present, various researches presented how subtypes of hematological malignancies are related to stages of the immune response, because the activated immune system represents a promising form in cancer treatment. This study explores the relationship between the adaptive immune system (T cells), and the coagulation system (platelets, platelet membrane glycoproteins, platelets derivate microparticles) which seems to play an important role in host immune defense of patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) or B cell lymphoma (BCL), 2 of the most common hematological malignancies subtypes.Blood samples (n = 114) obtained from patients with AML or BCL were analyzed for platelet membrane glycoproteins (CD42b, CD61), glycoprotein found on the surface of the T helper cells (CD4+), protein complex-specific antigen for T cells (CD3+), platelet-derived microparticles (CD61 PMP) biomarkers by flow cytometry, and hematological parameters were quantified by usual methods.In patients with AML, the means of the percentage of the expressions of the molecules on platelet surfaces (CD61 and CD42b, P < .01; paired T test) were lower as compared to both control subgroups. The expression of cytoplasmic granules content (CD61 PMP) had a significantly higher value in patients with AML reported to controlling subgroups (P < .01; paired T test), which is suggesting an intravascular activation of platelets.The platelet activation status was presented in patients with low stage BCL because CD61 and CD42b expressions were significantly higher than control subgroups, but the expression of CD 61 PMP had a significantly decreased value reported to control subgroups (all P < .01; paired T test). T helper/inducer lineage CD4+ and T lymphoid lineage CD3+ expressions presented significant differences between patients with AML or low stage BCL reported to control subgroups (all P < .01; paired T test).Platelet-lymphocyte interactions are involved in malignant disorders, and CD61, CD42b present on platelet membranes, as functionally active surface receptors mediate the adhesion of active platelets to lymphocytes, endothelial cells, and cancer cells.

Overexpression of Survivin-1, TAG-72 and HERC5 in patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma in the Black Sea coast geographical area.

Epidemiological data regarding hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) report unsatisfactory morbimortality rates despite the global efforts to decrease the incidence and prolong patient survival. Current guidelines lack diagnostic biomarkers to better characterize patients with HCC. We aimed to validate the overexpression of Survivin-1, tumor-associated glyocoprotein 72 (Tag-72), and HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 5 (HERC5) as tissue biomarkers for HCC characterization in patients from our geographical area and to standardize a local biomarker panel to be introduced in the current management guideline. Thirty samples of histologically confirmed HCC were compared to an equal number of samples of benign tumors in terms of Survivin-1, TAG-72, and HERC5 overexpression. Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test were used to find differences between the two studied groups and to compare the categorical variables. The discriminative power of Survivin-1, Tag-72, and HERC5 overexpression was assessed using ROC curves. The multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that Survivin, Tag-72, and HERC5 were significantly overexpressed in older male patients, with α-fetoprotein (AFP) >200 ng/dl, low serum albumin, as well as in patients with imaging features of portal thrombosis and ascites. The diagnostic performance of Survivin-1, Tag-72 and HERC5 tissue biomarkers for HCC characterization was superior to that of the gold-standard AFP. Our study results validate the overexpression of Survivin-1, Tag-72, and HERC5 as tissue biomarkers for HCC characterization in patients from our geographical region and could be standardized in the current HCC management guideline.