RESUMO
Irinotecan chemotherapy toxicities can be severe, and may result in treatment delay, morbidity and in some rare cases death. This systematic review of systematic reviews synthesises all meta-analyses on biomarkers for irinotecan toxicity across all genetic models for Asians, Caucasians, low dose, medium/high dose and regimens with and without fluorouracil. False-positive findings are a problem in pharmacogenetics, increasing the importance of systematic reviews. Four systematic reviews that investigated the effect of the polymorphisms UGT1A1*6 and/or*28 on neutropenia or diarrhoea toxicity were included. Both UGT1A1*6 and *28 were reliably demonstrated to be risk factors for irinotecan-induced neutropenia, with tests for both polymorphisms potentially being particularly useful in Asian cancer patients. UGT1A1*6 and *28 were also related to diarrhoea toxicity; however, at low doses of irinotecan there was evidence that UGT1A1*28 was not. In synthesising the best available evidence, this umbrella systematic review provides a novel reference for clinicians applying personalised medicine and identifies important research gaps.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/efeitos adversos , Camptotecina/análogos & derivados , Diarreia/genética , Glucuronosiltransferase/genética , Metanálise como Assunto , Neutropenia/genética , Farmacogenética , Variantes Farmacogenômicos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto , Camptotecina/efeitos adversos , Diarreia/induzido quimicamente , Diarreia/enzimologia , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Heterozigoto , Homozigoto , Humanos , Irinotecano , Neutropenia/induzido quimicamente , Neutropenia/enzimologia , Razão de Chances , Testes Farmacogenômicos , Fenótipo , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore the meaningfulness of non-pharmacological care experienced by families throughout the experience of stillbirth from diagnosis onwards. STUDY DESIGN: A comprehensive systematic review was conducted. Multiple sources were searched for relevant studies including gray literature. Studies were included if they reported the experiences of families with the care they received throughout the experience of stillbirth, from diagnosis onwards. Studies were assessed for methodological quality prior to inclusion. Qualitative findings were extracted from included studies and pooled using a meta-aggregative approach. This paper reports the results of one meta-synthesis from the systematic review. RESULTS: Ten qualitative studies of moderate to high quality informed this meta-synthesis. The meta-aggregative synthesis included 69 findings that informed the development of 10 categories and one final, synthesized finding. Emerging themes that underpinned the meaningfulness of care provided to parents experiencing stillbirth included: information provision, the need for emotional support and appropriate maternity ward environments and systems. CONCLUSION: The results of this meta-synthesis revealed the elements of care that were experienced as meaningful from the perspective of parents who had experienced stillbirth. Exploration of these elements has provided important detail to underpin a growing understanding of how parents experience care and what may help or hinder parents' experience of distress, anxiety and grief throughout the experience of stillbirth.
