Genograms: a psychosocial assessment tool for hospice.

Genograms are a valuable and non-threatening evaluation tool for hospice patients and families. The genogram provides basic information about the family including the role of each member and the family dynamics. As the diagram is drawn, family life cycle issues and relationships between family members become evident. The genogram may go beyond the household to include supportive neighbors, friends, and community resources. Religious and spiritual support is also noted. The information is used to assess family needs and to provide interventions both before the death and during bereavement.

Direct frequency measurements of transitions at 520 THz (576 nm) in iodine and 260 THz (1.15 microm) in neon.

The o hyperfine component of the (127)I(2) 17-1 P(62) transition at 520 THz (576 nm) in iodine was measured with respect to the CH(4)-stabilized 88-THz He-Ne laser. A 26-THz CO(2) laser, a color-center laser at 130 THz, and a He-Ne laser at 260 THz were used as transfer oscillators. The measured I(2) frequency was 520 206 808.547 MHz with a total fractional uncertainty of 1.6 x 10(-10). The 1.15-microm (20)Ne Lamb-dip-stabilized laser frequency was 260 103 249.26 MHz with a total fractional uncertainty of 3.1 x 10(-10).

Direct frequency measurement of the I(2)-stabilized He-Ne 473-THz (633-nm) laser.

The absolute frequency of the 473-THz He-Ne laser (633 nm), stabilized on the g or i hyperfine component of the (127)I(2) 11-5 R(127) transition, was measured by comparing its frequency with a known frequency synthesized by summing the radiation from three lasers in a He-Ne plasma. The three lasers were (1) the 88-THz CH(4)-stabilized He-Ne laser (3.39 microm), (2) a 125-THz color-center laser (2.39 microm) with its frequency referenced to the R(II)(26) (13)C(18)O(2)laser, and (3) the 260-THz He-Ne laser (1.15 microm) referenced to an I(2)-stabilized dye laser at 520 THz (576 nm). The measured frequencies are 473 612 340.492 and 473 612 214.789 MHz for the g and i hyperfine components, respectively, with a total uncertainty of 1.6 parts in 10(10). The frequency of the i component adjusted to the operating conditions recommended by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures is 473 612 214.830 +/- 0.074 MHz.

Heterodyne frequency measurements of (13)CO(2) laser hot band transitions.

The frequencies of twenty-eight lines in the P-branch of the 01(1)1-[11(1)0,03(1)0](I) band of (13)C(16)O(2), observed in laser emission, and three lines in the R-branch, observed in absorption with a diode laser, have been carefully measured with stabilized CO(2) lasers. A significant improvement in the ro-vibrational constants has been obtained from a least squares fit to these data. The laser lines stabilized by saturated absorption techniques provide convenient, accurate (uncertainty <0.1 MHz) frequency references near 11.7 microm.

CO(2) laser coincidences with nu(3) of SiF(4) near 9.7 microm.

Doppler-limited tunable-diode laser spectra of the stretching fundamental (nu(3)) of (28)SiF(4) at 1031 cm(-1) have been analyzed and the spectroscopic constants determined. Explicit identifications have been made for transitions near CO(2) laser lines between 1023 and 1038 cm(-1); 51 such transitions have been observed in sub-Doppler saturation spectra obtained with a CO(2) laser. The closest observed coincidence is R(53) F(1)(9) of (28)SiF(4), at -1.391 MHz from (12)C(16)O(2)P(30). Implications for isotope-enrichment experiments are discussed.

Heterodyne frequency measurements on the 11.6-microm band of OCS: new frequency/wavelength calibration tables for 11.6- and 5.8-microm OCS bands.

Heterodyne difference frequency measurements between a (13)CO(2) laser and a diode laser tuned (and in most cases locked) to the peaks of OCS absorption lines have been used to improve frequency calibration tables in the 860-cm(-1) region by factors of 20-50. Measurements have been made on the vibrational transitions 10(0)0-00(0)0, 11(1)0-01(1)0, and 20(0)0-10(0)0 for OCS. The measurements on the 10(0)0-00(0)0 and 20(0)0-10(0)0 transitions are also used to provide frequency calibration tables for the 20(0)0-00(0)0 band of OCS near 1700 cm(-1).

Evidence of tumbling multiplets in saturation absorption spectra of SiF(4).

Some implications of tumbling quartets, triplets, and doublets seen in high-resolution spherical-top spectra are discussed. Some of the first observed cluster splittings are shown in SiF(4) spectra and compared with the predictions of the quantum theory of clusters. Further potentially interesting spectroscopic experiments are proposed.

Frequency measurement of the 260-THz (1.15-microm) He-Ne laser.

Absolute infrared frequency measurement has been extended to 260 THz with the measurement of the strong 1.15-microm laser line in (20)Ne. The frequency was synthesized in nonlinear crystals of CdGeAs(2) and Ag(3)AsS(3) from stabilized CO(2) lasers and the 1.5-microm laser line in (20)Ne. The measured frequency is nu(20)Ne, 1.15 microm = 260.103 284(30) THz.

Extension of absolute-frequency measurements to the visible: frequencies of ten hyperfine components of iodine.

Direct-frequency measurements have been extended into the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The visible frequencies were synthesized by generating the second harmonic of the recently measured 260-THz (20)Ne, 1.15-microm laser with a LiNbO(3) crystal. The absolute frequencies of ten hyperfine components of (127)I(2) near 520 THz are reported.

Heterodyne frequency measurements with a tunable diode laser-CO(2) laser spectrometer: spectroscopic reference requencies in the 9.5-microm band of carbonyl sulfide.

The frequencies of twelve carbonyl sulfide absorption lines near 9.5 microm have been measured by means of a heterodyne frequency measuring technique, which uses a frequency stabilized CO(2) laser and a tunable diode aser. The diode laser was locked to the peak of each OCS absorption line by means of a first derivative frequency lock procedure. In addition to lines in the 02(0)0-00(0)0 band, measurements also include some nearby OCS hot band features as well as lines in isotopically enriched samples of OC(34)S, O(13)CS, and (18)OCS. These measurements are part of an effort to provide frequency standards for the calibration of tunable IR laser devices.