Synthesis and photophysical properties of yellow-emitting iridium complexes. Effect of the temperature on the character of triplet emission.

The parent study includes synthesis end photophysical characterization of four new phosphorescent cyclometalated iridium (III) complexes. The cyclometaled ligands used here are 2-(4-chlorophenyl)benzo[d]thiazole, 2(4isopropylphenyl)benzo[d] thiazole, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzo[d]thiazole, 4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylaniline. The auxiliary ligand is acetylacetone (Hacac). The photometric analyses show temperature dependence on phosphorescent spectra and the nature of the emitting state of the synthesized complexes. Using fluorescent and absorption spectroscopy we suggest an explanation of the observed effect points out the transition from ligand centered (LC) to MLCT main character of the emitting state. The quantitative photometric analysis states high phosphorescent quantum yields of the complexes in solution.

Photophysical properties of novel fluorescent poly(oxyethylene phosphate) tris(beta-diketonate) europium (III) complexes.

In the present study, photophysical properties of fluorescent poly(oxyethylene phosphate) tris(beta-diketonate) europium (III) complexes have been studied by means of stationary and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (in ethanol at room temperature). The luminescent quantum yields and efficiency for the energy transfer from beta-diketonate ligands to Eu(III) ion have been determined for the studied complexes by using diffusion-enhanced fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Obtained results show effect of the polymer ligands upon photophysical properties of the complexes and a relation has been established with length of the oxyethylene spacer between two phosphonate groups. The Förster radiuses of the synthesized compounds with SulfoRhodamine 101 as acceptor have been calculated. Measured distances between molecules of the donors and acceptor at identical acceptor/donor molar ratios have been illustrated the difference in structure of the ternary and polymer complexes in solution even at low concentration.

Synthesis and spectral properties of novel fluorescent poly(oxyethylene phosphate) tris(beta-diketonate) europium (III) complexes.

Novel poly(oxyethylene phosphate) tris(beta-diketonate) europium (III) complexes have been synthesized by an improved procedure using the Atherton-Todd reaction conditions. N-ethyldiisopropylamine has been used as a mild base and propylene oxide as an acid scavenger in order to obtain poly(oxyethylene phosphate) in yield and purity higher than those achieved by conventional methods. The compounds have been characterized by 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR and FTIR techniques. Their absorption, fluorescent excitation and emission spectra of chloroform and abs. ethanol solutions have been recorded and studied. The luminescent quantum yields and decay times have been determined and a dependence on the length of the oxyethylene spacer between phosphate groups has been established. The new polymer complexes are water soluble and have increased luminescence decay time in comparison with corresponding ternary complexes.

Sol-gel materials doped with 3-(3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)propenoyl)-2H-chromen-2-one: spectroscopic and structural elucidation.

Conventional and linear-polarized IR-spectroscopic tools based on reducing-difference procedures for non-polarized and polarized IR-spectra interpretation as well as orientation technique of solids (colloidal suspension in nematic liquid crystal) and UV/vis spectroscopy are applied for investigation of new sol-gel materials with potential optical application of doped organic dye 3-(3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)propenoyl)-2H-chromen-2-one (K2) and Sm3+ ions. The results show that during aging of the monoliths Sm3+ forms an unstable complex with K2, [Sm(K2)(2)(H2O2](NO3)(3), which transforms to [Sm(H2O)(6)](3+) one, typical for gel-Sm3+ system. Quantum chemical ab initio and DFT calculations are reported with a view to support experimental IR-characteristic bands of the system studied.

The luminescence response of diamine-liganded europium complexes upon resonant and pre-resonant excitation.

The luminescence of four europium thenoyltrifluoroacetonate complexes containing diamine ligands is studied in solutions. The compounds are resonantly excited in the ligand absorption band by means of high-power nanosecond UV laser pulses. Additionally, a continuous light source is also used for resonant, as well as pre-resonant excitation of the complexes. The luminescence response characterizes the synthesized europium coordination complexes as emissive compounds suitable for fluorometric applications. Related to the possible usefulness of the diamine-liganded Eu complexes as luminescent labels for sensing and imaging of biological molecules, the luminescence response of these compounds upon UV excitation was probed also in aqueous media.

Emission efficiency of diamine derivatives of tris[4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-butanediono]europium.

Diamine derivatives of tris[4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-butanediono]europium were synthesized and characterized by NMR, IR and UV-vis spectroscopy. The emission efficiency and decay times of the produced Eu(III) coordination complexes in acetone solutions were measured upon ligand excitation. The effect of the amine ligands was studied and the relation between the emission and the structure of the synthesized compounds was discussed.

[Thymectomy in myasthenia gravis---experience with 173 surgical patients]. / Timektomiia pri myasthenia gravis--opit ot 173 operirani patsienti.

Over a 13-year period, 173 patients with myasthenia gravis--69 per cent men and 31 per cent women--undergo operative treatment in the clinic of thoracic surgery with oncology at the Military Medical Academy--Sofia. Most patients present generalized form of the disease. The operation consists in longitudinal sternotomy. In the last few years, a new approach to preoperative preparation and postoperative treatment of the patients is used. As the result of strict long-term postoperative monitoring, plasmapheresis application, immunomodulation and adequate intensive care, the rate of complications is greatly reduced with not a single fatal outcome being recorded.

[The use of continuous epidural analgesia in the combined treatment of chronic arterial obstruction in the lower extremities]. / Prilozhenie na produlzhitelnata epiduralna analgeziia v kompleksnoto lechenie na khronichnata arterialnata neprokhodimost na dolnite krainitsi.

Experience had with the application of continuous epidural analgesia (CEDA) in the complex treatment of 33 patients with advanced stage of chronic arterial obstruction in the lower extremities is presented. In fourteen of them (42.4 per cent) CEDA is effected using implantable catheterization system "Periplant", and in the remainder 19 (57.6 per cent)--through nonimplantable "Periflex++". The technique of application of the systems is described. The therapeutic effect is estimated on the basis of: 1) quantitative evaluation of pain perception by a 5-point rating system, 2) acral skin thermometry, and 3) Doppler ultrasound tonometry. Changes in the parameters listed are compared with their counterparts in a control group of 33 patients, and subjected to statistical processing. Proceeding from the obtained results the inference is reached that CEDA is very effective in terms of main relief, and improves perfusion of the ischemic limbs. The implantable catheterization systems contribute to the patient's comfort for rather prolonged period of time, and reduce infection hazards in the vicinity of the spinal cord.

[The morphological characteristics of the circulating blood after massive reinfusion in operative surgery]. / Morfologichna kharakteristika na tsirkulirashtata kruv sled masivna reinfuziia v operativnata khirurgiia.

Intraoperative autologous blood extravasation represents an adequate biogenic medium for prompt and complete blood volume compensation following acute hemorrhage. The efficiency of the procedure is closely related to the functional characteristics of the ATS applied and its potential adaptation to the operative field. Over a 5-year period, autologous blood reinfusion is done in 151 patients with acute intraoperative hemorrhage associated with various types of operative interventions. The hemogram is analyzed in 32 cases undergoing reconstructive surgery of arterial vessels, with massive intraoperative hemorrhage and reinfusion (exceeding 25 per cent of the circulating volume). The quantity of AB represents 92.7 per cent of the blood loss volume; reinfusion is effected using the patient's own ATS. The circulating erythron level (its binding portion) remains within reference limits throughout the full post-reinfusion period; a tendency towards complete correlative dependence between the values of Hb, Er, Ht and the volume of reinfusion done intraoperatively is outlined (r = 0.84-0.92; p < 0.05-0.001). Free hemoglobin concentration in the transfusion product is low (66.8 +/- 24.2 mg/100 ml blood), while in the post-reinfusion circulating blood it quickly returns to normal, at 2 hours--in 87.5 per cent of the samples, and at 6 hours--in 100 per cent (r = 0.66-0.80; p > 0.001). The minimal morphologic changes in AB upon its deposition and reinfusion warrant the assumption that it is the most suitable transfusion medium, contributing to normalization of the hematologic indicators of acute hemorrhage during operative surgery.

[Biopharmaceutical and clinico-pharmacological research on the intramammary preparation Cephamasten]. / Biofarmatsevtichni i klinikofarmakologichni prouchvaniia na intramamarniia preparat tsefamasten.

An animal drug formula, Cephamasten, for intramammary application in the treatment of mastitis-affected cows, ewes, and goats in the lactation period was worked out on the base of microbiologic, technologic, biopharmaceutic, and clinico-pharmacologic studies. Its active ingredient was the Pharmachim cephalexin-monohydrate. The consistence of Cephamasten has proved suitable for intracisternal introduction. It is tolerated well within the udder of cows, and it rapidly releases the antibiotic incorporated in it. The milk of the treated quarters has proved free from cephalexin after the 72nd hour of the last infusion. Cephamasten has shown high effectiveness in the treatment both of the preclinical and of the acute clinical mastitis. In the first case best results were obtained with the twofold treatment at a 24-hour interval, and in the second case--with the sixfold treatment at 12-hour intervals (intracisternal introduction of the preparation). In the case of generalized mastitis, in dependence on the severity of the process Cephamasten is to be applied at 4-6-12 intervals along with frequent milking and the parenteral application of other agents.

[Cytological research on the vaginal mucosa in cows with estrous cycle disorders]. / Tsitologichni izsledvaniia na vlagalishtnata ligavitsa pri kravi s polovotsiklichni smushteniia.

Cytologic investigations were carried out of a total of 140 cows with regard to the vaginal mucosa in the event of disturbed functions in the course of the sexual cycle: hypofunction of the ovaries (71 animals), persisting yellow bodies (34 animals), and estral and postestral cases of metrorrhagia (35 animals). Chamov's trichromatic method was employed to stain the smears and Véznik's cytogramme method--to carry out the recordings. It was found that in the case of ovarian hypofunction the mixed type of cell pictures prevailed (47.8 per cent), followed by the estrogenic type (39.4 per cent), and the progesterone type (12.6 per cent). In the case of persisting corpora lutea the mixed type of cell picture prevailed too--64.7 per cent, while the estrogenic and progesterone types were 17.6 per cent. Featuring in the postestral and estral metrorrhagia was the estrogenic type of cell picture (51.4 per cent), while the mixed type accounted for 45.7 per cent of the cases, and the progesterone one--for 2.8 per cent. It is suggested to use the cytovaginal method in combination with the routinely employed clinical and laboratory tests for the overall evaluation of the condition of the genital system in cows.

[Cocks with experimentally induced acute typhoid]. / Izsledvaniia pri petli s eksperimentalno predizvikan akuten tif.

Acute typhoid infection was induced in cocks of the New Hampshire breed at the age of 14 months within the period of intense productivity. Bacteriologically, there were in the viscera of cocks died of the acute infection organisms of Salmonella gallinarum--the isolates were from the heart, liver, spleen, and testis, while in the viscera of infected birds that were killed no such organisms were isolated. Histologically, there were necrobiotic and degenerative lesions in the epithelial cells of the seminiferous tubuli as well as disturbances in the process of spermiogenesis. The morphologic changes seen in the parenchymal organs were analogous with those that have been demonstrated so far. Cytologically, the semen of the infected cocks presented pathologically changes spermatozoa and anomalies of their head and tail; a large number of erythrocytes and leukocytes were also found.

[Toxicological studies of the technical phosphate of Pharmachem tylosin]. / Toksikologichni prouchvaniia vurkhu tekhnicheskiia tilozinov fosfat "Farmakhim".

Studies on the acute, subchronic and chronic toxicity of technical tylosine phosphate (TTP) with 50 UI/mg activity, produced by Pharmachim were carried out. It was established that TTP does not cause lethality in white rats following application of 20, in white mice--of 40, in chickens--of 30 and in pigs--of 2 g/kg body weight. Long term application to the rations--of chickens for 40 days, in doses of 20, 40 and 60 g/kg fodder (=1.3 and 5 ED100) and of pigs for 32 days in doses of 2.6 and 10 g/kg fodder (=1.3 and 5 ED100) stimulates gain in weight of both species by 2-11.5% and improves the utilization of nutrition by 4.5-12.5% without any unfavourable effect on the clinical-biochemical composition of the blood and the structure and development of inner organs.

Skin manifestations associated with tumours of the brain.

In a 4-year period seventy-seven patients with tumours of the brain were investigated for skin manifestations. These were observed in twenty-four (31-2%) and fall into three main groups: Pruritus. Thirteen patients complained of pruritus. Most characteristic is the pruritus of the nostrils, which was observed in six patients. It can be extremely severe and is a sign of an advanced tumour. Pigmentary disorders were observed in seven patients. In two, vitiligo appeared simultaneously with the brain tumour symptoms. In the others, hyperpigmentation appeared on the face later in the course of the disease. Hyperkeratotic changes were manifest in four patients. Two had a mild hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles. The other two developed in addition an ichthyosiform atrophy of the skin. The possible pathogenesis of the skin manifestations associated with brain tumours is discussed.