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Neuro Oncol ; 21(9): 1131-1140, 2019 09 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31063549

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Hyperactivation of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway is exploited by glioma cells to promote their growth and evade apoptosis. MEK activation in tumor cells can increase replication of ICP34.5-deleted herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), but paradoxically its activation in tumor-associated macrophages promotes a pro-inflammatory signaling that can inhibit virus replication and propagation. Here we investigated the effect of blocking MEK signaling in conjunction with oncolytic HSV-1 (oHSV) for brain tumors. METHODS: Infected glioma cells co-cultured with microglia or macrophages treated with or without trametinib were used to test trametinib effect on macrophages/microglia. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, and flow cytometry were utilized to evaluate the effect of the combination therapy. Pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of mouse plasma and brain tissue was used to evaluate trametinib delivery to the CNS. Intracranial human and mouse glioma-bearing immune deficient and immune competent mice were used to evaluate the antitumor efficacy. RESULT: Oncolytic HSV treatment rescued trametinib-mediated feedback reactivation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in glioma. In vivo, PK analysis revealed enhanced blood-brain barrier penetration of trametinib after oHSV treatment. Treatment by trametinib, a MEK kinase inhibitor, led to a significant reduction in microglia- and macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) secretion in response to oHSV treatment and increased survival of glioma-bearing mice. Despite the reduced TNFα production observed in vivo, the combination treatment activated CD8+ T-cell mediated immunity and increased survival in a glioma-bearing immune-competent mouse model. CONCLUSION: This study provides a rationale for combining oHSV with trametinib for the treatment of brain tumors.


Assuntos
Barreira Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Glioblastoma/terapia , Herpesvirus Humano 1 , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Microglia/efeitos dos fármacos , Terapia Viral Oncolítica/métodos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Piridonas/farmacologia , Pirimidinonas/farmacologia , Animais , Neoplasias Encefálicas/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Glioblastoma/imunologia , Glioma/imunologia , Glioma/terapia , Humanos , Imunocompetência , Macrófagos/imunologia , Camundongos , Microglia/imunologia , Quinases de Proteína Quinase Ativadas por Mitógeno/antagonistas & inibidores , Células RAW 264.7 , Taxa de Sobrevida , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologia , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto
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