The Effects of Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy (PGT-A) on Patient-Important Outcomes in Embryo Transfer Cases: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) on patient-important reproductive outcomes after in vitro fertilization (IVF). Methods: Randomized and non-randomized studies have been sought in Ovid, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials since each database's inception through May 2021. Main keywords used for the search strategy included "Embryo transfer", "In vitro fertilization", "DNA sequencing", and "Comparative genome hybridization". Studies were screened independently and in duplicate. Results: Ten studies were finally analyzed, representing a total of 2630 embryo transfers. The pooled OR for live birth rates were 1.45 (95%CI 0.24-8.78, I2 96%) and 1.66 (95%PI 0.15-18.01, 95%CI 0.98-2.83, I2 81%) derived from the NRSIs and the RCTs, respectively, in which the miscarriage rate were 1.25 (95%CI 0.19-8.33, I2 70%) and 0.57 (95%PI 0.06-5.34, 95%CI 0.27-1.21, I2 53%), and clinical pregnancy rates were 3.08 (95%CI 2.22-4.29, I2 0%) and 1.43 (95%PI 0.38-5.42, 95%CI 0.96-2.13, I2 68%). Influence analyses showed a greater treatment effect when excluding studies without patients at advanced maternal age. Conclusion: There seems to be no significant difference in reproductive outcomes when using PGT-A in the general population; however, the procedure seems advantageous for patients at advanced maternal age. Nevertheless, this warrants caution when recommending the procedure to all couples seeking ART, as the current possible benefits may not justify the additional costs for all groups of patients.

[Updated acute community-acquired pneumonia in adults: Guidelines for initial antimicrobial therapy based on local evidence from the South American Working Group (ConsenSur II)]. / Neumonía aguda adquirida en la comunidad en adultos: Actualización de los lineamientos para el tratamiento antimicrobiano inicial basado en la evidencia local del Grupo de Trabajo de Sudamérica (ConsenSur II).

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults is probably one of the infections affecting ambulatory patients for which the highest diversity of guidelines has been written worldwide. Most of them agree in that antimicrobial therapy should be initially tailored according to either the severity of the infection or the presence of comorbidities and the etiologic pathogen. Nevertheless, a great variability may be noted among the different countries in the selection of the primary choice in the antimicrobial agents, even for the cases considered as at a low-risk class. This fact may be due to the many microbial causes of CAP and specialties involved, as well as the different health-care systems effecting on the availability or cost of antibiotics. However, many countries or regions adopt some of the guidelines or design their own recommendations regardless of the local data, probably because of the scarcity of such data. This is the reason why we have developed a guideline for the initial treatment of CAP by 2002 upon the basis of several local evidences in South América (ConsenSur I). However, several issues deserve to be currently rediscussed as follows: certain clinical scores other than the Physiological Severity índex (PSI) have become more popular in clinical practice (i.e. CURB-65, CRB-65); some pathogens have emerged in the región, such as community-acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) and Legionella spp; new evidences on the performance of the rapid test for the etiologic diagnosis in CAP have been reported (eg. urinary Legionella andpneumococcus antigens); new therapeutic considerations needs to be approached (i.e. dosage reformulation, duration of treatment, emergence of novel antibiotics and clinical impact of combined therapy). Like in the first versión of the ConsenSur (ConsenSur I), the various current guidelines have helped to organize and stratify the present proposal, ConsenSur II.

Neumonía aguda adquirida en la comunidad en adultos: actualización de los lineamientos para el tratamiento antimicrobiano inicial basado en la evidencia local del Grupo de Trabajo de Sudamérica (ConsenSur II) / Updated acute community-acquired pneumonia in adults: guidelines for initial antimicrobial therapy based on local evidence from the South American Working Group (ConsenSur II)

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults is probably one of the infections affecting ambulatory patients for which the highest diversity of guidelines has been written worldwide. Most of them agree in that antimicrobial therapy should be initially tailored according to either the severity of the infection or the presence of comorbidities and the etiologic pathogen. Nevertheless, a great variability may be noted among the different countries in the selection of the primary choice in the antimicrobial agents, even for the cases considered as at a low-risk class. This fact may be due to the many microbial causes of CAP and specialties involved, as well as the different health-care systems effecting on the availability or cost of antibiotics. However, many countries or regions adopt some of the guidelines or design their own recommendations regardless of the local data, probably because of the scarcity of such data. This is the reason why we have developed a guideline for the initial treatment of CAP by 2002 upon the basis of several local evidences in South América (ConsenSur I). However, several issues deserve to be currently rediscussed as follows: certain clinical scores other than the Physiological Severity índex (PSI) have become more popular in clinical practice (i.e. CURB-65, CRB-65); some pathogens have emerged in the región, such as community-acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) and Legionella spp; new evidences on the performance of the rapid test for the etiologic diagnosis in CAP have been reported (eg. urinary Legionella andpneumococcus antigens); new therapeutic considerations needs to be approached (i.e. dosage reformulation, duration of treatment, emergence of novel antibiotics and clinical impact of combined therapy). Like in the first versión of the ConsenSur (ConsenSur I), the various current guidelines have helped to organize and stratify the present proposal, ConsenSur II.

La neumonía adquirida por adultos en la comunidad (NAC) es, probablemente, una de las infecciones que afecta a los pacientes ambulatorios para la cual se ha escrito la mayor diversidad de lineamientos en todo el mundo. La mayoría de ellos concuerdan en que el tratamiento antimicrobiano debe ser ajustado inicialmente de acuerdo con la gravedad de la infección o con la presencia de co-morbilidades y el patógeno etiológico. Aun así, se puede notar una gran variabilidad entre los diferentes países en la selección de la elección primaria de los agentes antimicrobianos, incluso en los casos considerados como de bajo riesgo. Este hecho puede deberse a las múltiples causas microbianas de la NAC y las especialidades médicas involucradas, como así también los diferentes sistemas de asistencia de salud que afectan la disponibilidad o el costo de los antimicrobianos. No obstante, muchos países o regiones adoptan alguno de los lineamientos o diseñan sus propias recomendaciones independientemente de los datos locales, probablemente debido a la escasez de dichos datos. Por esta razón desarrollamos lineamientos para el tratamiento inicial de la NAC hacia el año 2002, sobre la base de varias evidencias locales en Sudamérica (ConsenSur I). Sin embargo, varios temas merecen discutirse nuevamente como sigue: ciertos puntajes clínicos además del índice Fisiológico de Severidad (IFS) se hicieron más populares en la práctica clínica (por ej. CURB-65, CRB-65); emergieron algunos patógenos en la región, tal como Staphylococcus aureus resistente adquirido en la comunidad (SAMR-AC) y Legionella spp; se reportaron nuevas evidencias sobre el desempeño de la prueba rápida para el diagnóstico etiológico de NAC (por ejemplo, Legionella urinaria y antígenos de Streptococcus pneumoniae); deben abordarse nuevas consideraciones terapéuticas (por ej.: reformulación de la dosis, duración del tratamiento, emergencia de antimicrobianos nuevos e impacto clínico del tratamiento...

Hospitalizaciones por asma aguda durante el período 1994-2004 en Argentina y Uruguay: el estudio EAGLE / Hospitalizations for acute asthma during the period 1994-2004 in Argentina and Uruguay: the EAGLE study

Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio consistió en un análisis de la base de datos del proyecto EAGLE (características de los pacientes hospitalizados por asma) limitado a la Argentina y el Uruguay. Pacientes y métodos: Para evaluar los cambios producidos en los asmáticos hospitalizados en Argentina y Uruguay, fueron revisadas las historias clínicas de 215 pacientes (15-69 años de edad) hospitalizados en 4 centros médicos durante los años 1994, 1999 y 2004. Resultados: Si bien se verificó una reducción significativa en el uso de teofilinas, la utilización de corticoides inhalados fue baja (16% de todos los pacientes) y se mantuvo incambiada. Se verificó una tendencia a una disminución en el tiempo de hospitalización (10.5 días en 1994 a 8.2 días en 2004, p = 0.2). La tasa global de mortalidad para todos los pacientes estudiados durante los tres años fue 1.4% correspondiendo a un total de 3 fallecimientos. Por el contrario el uso de espirometría o flujo espiratorio máximo en urgencias se mantuvo por debajo del 60% de los pacientes hospitalizados. Globalmente, un 29% de todos los pacientes hospitalizados fueron ingresados a una unidad de cuidados intensivos. Conclusiones: Aunque este estudio sugiere algunas mejoras en el manejo del asma tanto durante el período intercrisis como durante las exacerbaciones, todavía subsisten importantes carencias tanto en Argentina como en Uruguay.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to assess the data base of project EAGLE (characteristics of the patients hospitalized because of asthma) in Argentina and Uruguay. Patients and Methods: In order to evaluate the changes produced in asthma hospitalizations in Argentina and Uruguay, the records of 215 patients (15-69 years old) admitted for acute asthma at third level hospitals during the years of 1994, 1999, and 2004 were reviewed. Results: Although a the use of theophylline was significantly decreased, the utilization of inhaled corticosteroids was low (16% of all patients) and remained unchanged during the study period. There was a trend towards a reduction in the length of hospital stay (from 10.5 days in 1994, to 8.2 days in 2004, p = 0.2). The overall case fatality rate for all patients admitted during the study period was 1.4% (3 deaths). The use of spirometry or peak expiratory flow measurements in the emergency room was registered in less of 60% of hospitalized patients. Overall, 29% of hospitalized patients required admission into an intensive care unit. Conclusions: Although this study suggests some improvements in the management of asthma in the period between severe exacerbations and during hospitalization, suboptimal case management is still common in Argentina and Uruguay.

Hospitalizaciones por asma aguda durante el período 1994-2004 en Argentina y Uruguay: el estudio EAGLE / Hospitalizations for acute asthma during the period 1994-2004 in Argentina and Uruguay: the EAGLE study

Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio consistió en un análisis de la base de datos del proyecto EAGLE (características de los pacientes hospitalizados por asma) limitado a la Argentina y el Uruguay. Pacientes y métodos: Para evaluar los cambios producidos en los asmáticos hospitalizados en Argentina y Uruguay, fueron revisadas las historias clínicas de 215 pacientes (15-69 años de edad) hospitalizados en 4 centros médicos durante los años 1994, 1999 y 2004. Resultados: Si bien se verificó una reducción significativa en el uso de teofilinas, la utilización de corticoides inhalados fue baja (16% de todos los pacientes) y se mantuvo incambiada. Se verificó una tendencia a una disminución en el tiempo de hospitalización (10.5 días en 1994 a 8.2 días en 2004, p = 0.2). La tasa global de mortalidad para todos los pacientes estudiados durante los tres años fue 1.4% correspondiendo a un total de 3 fallecimientos. Por el contrario el uso de espirometría o flujo espiratorio máximo en urgencias se mantuvo por debajo del 60% de los pacientes hospitalizados. Globalmente, un 29% de todos los pacientes hospitalizados fueron ingresados a una unidad de cuidados intensivos. Conclusiones: Aunque este estudio sugiere algunas mejoras en el manejo del asma tanto durante el período intercrisis como durante las exacerbaciones, todavía subsisten importantes carencias tanto en Argentina como en Uruguay.(AU)

Introduction: The objective of this study was to assess the data base of project EAGLE (characteristics of the patients hospitalized because of asthma) in Argentina and Uruguay. Patients and Methods: In order to evaluate the changes produced in asthma hospitalizations in Argentina and Uruguay, the records of 215 patients (15-69 years old) admitted for acute asthma at third level hospitals during the years of 1994, 1999, and 2004 were reviewed. Results: Although a the use of theophylline was significantly decreased, the utilization of inhaled corticosteroids was low (16% of all patients) and remained unchanged during the study period. There was a trend towards a reduction in the length of hospital stay (from 10.5 days in 1994, to 8.2 days in 2004, p = 0.2). The overall case fatality rate for all patients admitted during the study period was 1.4% (3 deaths). The use of spirometry or peak expiratory flow measurements in the emergency room was registered in less of 60% of hospitalized patients. Overall, 29% of hospitalized patients required admission into an intensive care unit. Conclusions: Although this study suggests some improvements in the management of asthma in the period between severe exacerbations and during hospitalization, suboptimal case management is still common in Argentina and Uruguay.(AU)

Reliability and factor analysis of the Spanish version of the asthma control test.

BACKGROUND: The Asthma Control Test (ACT) has been developed to evaluate asthma control and to reflect its nature. A Spanish version of the test has been widely disseminated to physicians, but it has not yet been validated. OBJECTIVES: To examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the ACT. METHODS: A total of 322 asthmatic patients with a mean (SD) age of 43.8 (17.3) years (range, 12-84 years) with appropriate criteria for inclusion completed the ACT. Spirometric variables were measured and asthma severity was rated by physicians. RESULTS: Internal consistency reliability was 0.79. The ACT showed weak correlation coefficients with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (p = 0.27; P = .01) and asthma severity (p = -0.19; P = .01). Almost 40% of patients with an FEV1 less than 60% of predicted rated their asthma as well or totally controlled; conversely, 70% of patients with asthma well or totally controlled showed an FEV1 less than 80% of predicted. The factor analysis revealed a 2-factor solution: the first component included the 5 items of the ACT (subjective component), and the second component included the spirometric measures (objective component). The 2-factor solution accounted for 66.2% of the total variance. CONCLUSIONS: These data reveal a unidimensional structure of the ACT and do not support the use of this test without spirometry in the management of asthma. Spirometry provides important complementary information about asthma severity that may be used in conjunction with clinical assessments of controlto provide optimal management in many patients.