RESUMO
The preparation of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) is an effective and simple means of rural municipal solid waste utilization. The release of chlorine during RDF combustion is important as it causes high-temperature corrosion and pollutants emission such as HCl, dioxins, etc. In this paper, constant-temperature and increasing-temperature combustion experiments were carried out using an electrically heating furnace to analyse the effects of granulation (pressure and additives) on the release of chlorine in particles. During the constant-temperature combustion below 800 °C, only organic chlorine was released from the RDF. The increase of granulation pressure from 1 MPa to 10 MPa did not affect the total amount of chlorine release, but delayed the organic chlorine release by increasing the gas diffusion resistance. During the constant-temperature combustion above 900 °C, inorganic chlorine was released as well. The increase of granulation pressure enhanced the inorganic chlorine release significantly by promoting the reactants contact. During the increasing-temperature combustion, the increase of granulation pressure delayed the organic chlorine release as well but inhibited the inorganic chlorine release. This was mainly attributed to the slow temperature rise to 900 °C, during which the inherent calcium in the RDF reacted with silicon and aluminium, resulting in less reactants for an inorganic chlorine release reaction. Three calcium-based additives were used to inhibit chlorine release. CaCO3 showed no dechlorination effect, and CaO showed better dechlorination effect than Ca(OH)2. For the constant-temperature combustion at 900 °C, the addition of CaO with a Ca/Cl ratio of 2 achieved a dechlorination efficiency of over 90%, with little influence from the granulation pressure. For the increasing-temperature combustion, the granulation pressure had a significant influence on CaO dechlorination effectiveness. Only at a granulation pressure as high as 10 MPa, did the addition of CaO with the Ca/Cl ratio of 2.5 achieve a dechlorination efficiency of 95%.
RESUMO
A high temperature air-blown gasification model for woody biomass is developed based on an air-blown gasification experiment. A high temperature air-blown gasification experiment on woody biomass in an entrained down-flow gasifier is carried out, and then the simple gasification model is developed based on the experimental results. In the experiment, air-blown gasification is conducted to demonstrate the behavior of this process. Pulverized wood is used as the gasification fuel, which is injected directly into the entrained down-flow gasifier by the pulverized wood banner. The pulverized wood is sieved through 60 mesh and supplied at rates of 19 and 27kg/h. The oxygen-carbon molar ratio (O/C) is employed as the operational condition instead of the air ratio. The maximum temperature achievable is over 1400K when the O/C is from 1.26 to 1.84. The results show that the gas composition is followed by the CO-shift reaction equilibrium. Therefore, the air-blown gasification model is developed based on the CO-shift reaction equilibrium. The simple gasification model agrees well with the experimental results. From calculations in large-scale units, the cold gas is able to achieve 80% efficiency in the air-blown gasification, when the woody biomass feedrate is over 1000kg/h and input air temperature is 700K.