[Evaluation of sweating function, changes in heart function and postural blood pressure in patients with multiple sclerosis]. / Ocena czynnosci wydzielniczej potu, zmiennosci pracy serca i cisnienia tetniczego po pionizacji u chorych na stwardnienie rozsiane.

The aim of the study was electrophysiologic assessment of sudomotor function and some aspects of cardiovascular system function in patients with multiple sclerosis and an attempt of referring assessed variables to duration of the disease and EDSS score. The study included 24 patients with clinically definite, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and 22 healthy, age-matched controls. Autonomic functions were evaluated by means of clinical examination, heart rate variability tests, measures of blood pressure in supine and standing position and skin sympathetic response examination. Clinical symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis were scarce. Electrophysiologic tests showed no abnormalities in heart rate variability and blood pressure response to standing in studied group. The majority of patients presented with subclinical dysfunction of sudomotor system, indicated by an abnormal sympathetic skin response, which did not correlate with duration of the disease or EDSS score. Sympathetic skin response examination proved to be a sensitive indicator of autonomic disturbances in patients with multiple sclerosis.

New NO-donors with antithrombotic and vasodilating activities, Part 14. 1,3,4-Triazol-1-oles.

Five 1,3,4-triazol-1-oles (5a-f) with different alkyl, aryl, and arylalkyl substituents in 2,5-position were synthesized and tested for their antithrombotic properties. The 2,5-dimethyl derivative 5a was most active. 2 h after administration of 60 mg/kg to rats thrombus formation by a laser beam was inhibited by 42% in arterioles and by 33% in venules. At the same dose the blood pressure of SHR rats was slightly (5%) but significantly decreased even 4 h after application of 5a. This pattern of activities suggests a nitric oxide mediated mechanism of action. 1,1'-Azo-bis-ethanone oxime(7)-the synthetic precursor of 5a-inhibited the aggregation of blood platelet (Born test) with an IC50 = 15 mumol/L.

New NO-donors with antithrombotic and vasodilating activities, part 15 nitrolic acids.

Five 1-oximino-1-nitro compounds (nitrolic acids) were prepared and tested for antithrombotic and blood pressure lowering activities. 1-Nitro-ethanone 1-oxime (1, ethylnitrolic acid) 2 h after oral administration to rats inhibited thrombus formation by a laser beam in mesenteric arterioles of rats by 69% and by 46% in venules (60 mg/kg). The blood pressure of SHR rats even at this high dose only was decreased by 10% suggesting that antithrombotic and blood pressure effects can be dissociated. The in vitro decomposition of 1 at 37 degrees C nearly exclusively gave N2O and acetic acid indicating that HNO primarily had been formed.

[Effect of Hydrochloric acid on invasion of Ascaris suum; enzyme activity in the digestive system and serum of newborn piglets]. / Wplyw roztworu kwasu solnego na inwazje ascaris suum oraz aktywnosc enzymów trawiennych przewodu pokarmowego i surowicy prosiat osesków.

The studies were carried out on twenty newborn piglets. They were divided into four groups. The groups no 3 and no 4 were given intragastric 0.18% HCl from the 3th day of experiment. The groups no 2 and no 4 were infected on the 7th day with 10,000 invasive eggs of Ascaris suum. The presence of A. suum larvae in the lungs and liver was examined after one week lasting invasion by Baermann method. The total acidity in the gastric content was measured. The activity of alpha-amylase, lipase and proteases was determined in the extracts from pancreas and in the contents of stomach, duodenum and jejunum. The level of pepsinogens and alpha-amylase in the animals serum was studied. The intensity of Ascaris invasion was slightly higher in the group which was given HCl than in the infected group without HCl. The activity of digestive enzymes in the both groups was similar. Only in the stomach content from the 4th group the activity of pepsin was higher (p < 0.05), and alpha-amylase and lipase were lower (p < 0.01) than in the 2nd and in the 3th group. The level of pepsinogens was always lower and alpha-amylase higher in the serum of infected animals than in uninfected groups.

Platelet aggregation inhibiting and anticoagulant effects of oligoamines, XXIV: Interactions between oligosydnone imines and albumin or phospholipids.

Oligosydnone imines are strongly bound to albumin (alpha < 1%) in pure water. In saline, however, this effect is abolished (alpha approximately 80%). 4,4'-Propylene-bis-3-hexyl-sydnone-5-imine hydrochloride (1) moderately binds to phosphatidylcholine liposomes (PC, alpha approximately 34%). This is increased by phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). In PC/PE vesicles alpha is about 7%. The binding is further enhanced by the incorporation of negatively charged phospholipids (PL) like phosphatidylserine (PS). In PC/PE/PS liposomes complete binding of 1 can be achieved. This holds especially true if the composition of the liposomes is similar to the PL composition of platelet membranes. The results suggest that the antiplatelet activity of 1 is mediated by the bindings to negatively charged PL in the platelet membrane.

[Processes connected with hatching of larvae from eggs of parasitic nematodes]. / Procesy zwiazane z wyleganiem sie z jaj larw nicieni pasozytniczych.

Influence of such factors as temperature, pH, CO2 level and oxidation- reduction potential value in the alimentary tract of host on the stimulation of invasive eggs was studied. Changes of these factors lead to change in permeability of inner layer of egg-shell. Then the hatching fluid is released and its enzymes digest the egg-shell. In the nematodes, which have the free-living larvae, the initiation process can depend on parasite or environmental agents.

[The influence of HCl administration on the acidity and the activity of enzymes in the stomach contents of suckling piglets]. / Wplyw podawania HCl na kwasowosc i aktywnosc enzymów w tresci zoladka nie odchowanych prosiat.

After HCl administration to 3-21 day old crossbred piglets (wbp x pbz x zlotnicka biala) the total acidity and output of acidity, the activity of pepsin, alpha-amylase and lipase were measured in the stomach content. The activity of pepsinogen was estimated in piglet's serum. The results do not indicate the significant influence of HCl on the acidity and the activity of enzymes in the stomach content.

[The influence of HCl administration on the activity of trypsin, alpha-amylase and lipase in different parts of the alimentary tract of piglets in the first three weeks of life]. / Wplyw podawania HCl na aktywnosc trypsyny, alfa-amylazy i lipazy w róznych odcinkach przewodu pokarmowego prosiat w pierwszych 3 tygodniach zycia.

The experiments were conducted using 3 to 21 days old piglets. The content of animals stomach was supplemented with 0.18% HCl starting from the 3rd, 7th and 10th day of their life. The animals were dissected on the 4th, 7th and 11th day after HCl administration. The activity of trypsin, alpha-amylase and lipase was measured in homogenate from pancreas and duodenum and ileum contents. The presented results do not confirm the existence of significant differences between control and experimental animals.

[Trypsin and alpha-amylase activities in the pancreas of guinea pigs. II. Effect of per os and intra-intestinal infection with invasive ova of Ascaris suum]. / Aktywnosc trypsyny i alfa-amylazy w trzustce swinek morskich. II. Wplyw zarazenia per os i dojelitowo inwazyjnymi jajami ascaris suum.

The guinea pigs were infected orally or intraintestinally (after laparotomy) with 5000 invasive eggs of Ascaris suum. On the 7th day after infection the invasion was controlled by lung's weight, degree of congestion, and number of larvae in the lungs. The activity of amylase was determined according to Fennel method, trypsin to Anson method. The activities of both enzymes in pancreas of orally infected animals (after laparotomy or not) were lower, and relative weight of lungs of these animals was higher than in control animals. In pancreas of guinea pig with invasive material introduced into its, the activities of amylase and trypsin were higher than in control animals, but only the activity of trypsin differed significantly.

[Arteriosclerosis risk factors and the evaluation of Doppler recording of carotid blood flow in patients with a history of ischemic stroke]. / Czynniki ryzyka miazdzycy a ocena dopplerowskich zapisów przeplywu w tetnicach szyjnych u chorych z przebytym udarem niedokrwiennym mózgu.

The authors analysed control ultrasonographic examination of the carotid arteries based on Doppler's phenomenon at least six months after ischaemic stroke in 40 patients of the Department of Neurology, Medical Academy in Wroclaw. The examination was done using a Polish UDP-20 flowmeter. In more than one half of the patients (57.5%) the carotid blood flow was worsened. The predominating risk factor in the group with worsening was abnormal serum lipid pattern (hyperlipidaemia and/or low HDL values). In this group also more frequent presence of two or more risk factors was observed (69.9%). The usefulness was demonstrated of monitoring of the conditions of the carotid arteries in patients after ischaemic stroke using this method.

[Risk factors in men with stroke in the Wroclaw environment]. / Czynniki zagrozenia w srodowisku wroclawskim u mezczyzn z udarem mózgu.

The reported investigations were carried out in 3424 men working in large industrial plants of the City of Wroclaw and 222 men with strokes treated in the Department of Neurology, Medical Academy in Wroclaw. The frequency of such risk factors was determined as obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, smoking, carbohydrate metabolism disturbances. A statistically significant increase was demonstrated in the frequency of hypertension and hyperlipidaemia in the group with strokes as compared with the control group.

Swine uterus carnosinase activity in oestrous cycle and early pregnancy.

Carnosinase activity was determined in uterus extracts of sexually immature sows, on particular days of the oestrous cycle, and on the 20th and 30th day of pregnancy. In mature sows carnosinase activity in the uterus was on the average 4.5 times higher than in immature sows. Activity of the enzyme in the oestrous cycle increased from the zero day (first day of the heat) until 13th day, followed by a rapid decrease, reaching the lowest levels on the 17th day of the cycle (3 times lower on the average than on the zero day). On the last days of the cycle (20-21st) activity of carnosinase reached again levels similar to those of the zero day. Carnosinase activity in a uterus corner of pregnant sows (20th day of pregnancy) was over 4 times higher than in the "peak" day of the oestrous cycle (13th day), and over 12 times higher than in immature sows. Activity of the enzyme increased along with progressing pregnancy. It was found that activity of carnosinase in uterus corner of swines was related to the level of progesterone determined by other authors in the blood plasma.

[Stroke - the role of hyperlipoproteinemia. I. Lipid metabolism and various arteriosclerosis risk factors in a control group]. / Udar mózgu - udzial hiperlipoproteidemii. Czesc I. Gospodarka lipidowa i inne czynniki rzyka miazdzycy w grupie kontrolnej.

On the basis of a study of 218 control subjects in 10-year age groups the authors determined the mean levels and critical values of certain serum lipid components (cholesterol, triglycerides, beta-lipoproteins, esterified fatty acids and total lipids). Forty-two subjects were isolated (11.2%) with hyperlipoproteinaemia. Other atherosclerosis risk factors were determined in them as well. Hypertension was found in 19%, diabetes in 7%, obesity in 14%, smoking in 43%. The authors discuss the criteria qualifying the patients to the control group in the studies on lipid metabolism.

[Stroke - the role of hyperlipoproteinemia. II. Lipid metabolism in stroke patients]. / Udar mózgu - udzial hiperlipoproteidemii. Czesc II. Gospodarka lipidowa u chorych z udarem m ózgu

In 195 patients with strokes the authors determined in the fourth week of the disease the levels of cholesterol, total lipids, beta-lipoproteins, esterified fatty acids and triglycerides. This study demonstrated that the group of strokes was not homogeneous. Lipid metabolism disturbances were found in 52% of the patients, and in 48% the values of lipids were normal, that is below the critical level. The greatest lipid metabolism changes were observed in 65 patients (33%), and in this group the level of at least one of the determined lipids exceeded greatly the critical value. The authors believe that this group comprised subjects with primary or secondary hyperlipidaemia (according to the criteria of Fredricksen). Analysing the group of strokes as a whole (patients with and without lipid metabolism disturbances) it was demonstrated that the greatest number of patients had raised cholesterol level - 34%, followed by total lipid level - 31%, triglyceride level - 27%, esterified fatty acids - 24%, beta-lipoproteins - 21%.

[Risk factors in stroke]. / Czynniki zagrozenia w udarze mózgu.

Risk factors were compared in 300 patients with brain stroke and 120 patients with neurosis or sciatic pains. It was found that arterial hypertension (p = 0.001) and diabetes (p = 0.01) were significantly more frequent in cases of brain stroke. Disturbances of lipid metabolism, tobacco smoking and obesity showed no significant difference. Extracerebral atherosclerosis (p = 0.001) increased the risk of stroke. Coronary arterial disease was most frequent (48.8%), myocardial infarction (8.3%) and calcifications in the aorta (32%) were second and third in frequency. Presence of at least two risk factors may be an indication to prophylactic treatment.

[Parkinsonism following lethargic encephalitis]. / Parkinsonizm po spiaczkowym zapaleniu mózgu.

A 41-year-old man is described in whom after a febrile disease with disturbances of sleep rhytm and exessive somnolence, extrapyramidal signs appeared increasing progressively in intensity, with a hypertonic-hypokinetic syndrome with evidence of right-sided spastic hemiparesis and hypaesthesia. After treatment with Viregyt and low doses of L-Dopa a striking improvement was obtained. Parkinsonism following lethargic encephalitis was diagnosed.