Does transition of urinary incontinence from one subtype to another represent progression of the disease?

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Mixed urinary incontinence (UI) is, on average, more severe than urgency UI or stress UI. We tested the hypothesis that mixed UI is a more advanced stage of UI by comparing transition probabilities among women with stress, urgency, and mixed UI. METHODS: We used data from the General Longitudinal Overactive Bladder Evaluation Study-UI, which included community-dwelling women, aged 40+ years, with UI at baseline. Study participants completed two or more consecutive bladder health surveys every 6 months for up to 4 years. Using sequential 6-month surveys, transition probabilities among UI subtypes were estimated using the Cox-proportional hazards model, with the expectation that probabilities from stress or urgency UI to mixed UI would be substantially greater than probabilities in the reverse direction. RESULTS: Among 6,993 women 40+ years of age at baseline, the number (prevalence) of women with stress, urgency, and mixed UI was 481 (6.9%), 557 (8.0%), and 1488 (21.3%) respectively. Over a 4-year period, the transition probabilities from stress UI (34%) and urgency UI (27%) to mixed UI was significantly higher than probabilities from mixed to stress UI (6%) or to urgency UI (rate = 9%). The adjusted transition hazard ratio for stress UI and urgency UI was 2.06 (95% CI: 1.73-2.92) and 1.85 (95% CI: 1.63-2.57) respectively compared with mixed UI. CONCLUSION: The substantially higher transition from stress UI and urgency UI to mixed UI supports the hypothesis that mixed UI might represent a more advanced stage of UI that may have implications for understanding disease progression.

Are patients' personal goals achieved after pelvic reconstructive surgery?

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Our goal was to describe patients' personal treatment goals before pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) surgery and goals achieved and not achieved 12 months after surgery, and to evaluate the association between postoperative symptoms and successful goal achievement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis using a de-identified database from a randomized trial comparing native tissue vs. graft-augmented rectocele repair. In their own words, women listed their top four treatment goals and 12 months after surgery whether those goals were or were not achieved. We categorized goals into symptom improvement (defecatory, bulge, incontinence, pain/discomfort) and functioning (physical, social, emotional, sexual). Women completed symptom questionnaires pre- and postoperatively. Goals were described using simple statistics. The association between defecatory, bulge, and incontinence symptoms and goal achievement was described using the chi-square test. RESULTS: Of 160 participants in the database, 125 (78 %) met inclusion criteria. The most common preoperative goals were improvement in bulge (26.7 %), defecation (23.9 %), urinary incontinence (18.1 %), and pain/discomfort (6.2 %). Functioning goal categories included: sexual (7 %), emotional (7 %), physical (6.2 %), and social function (3.3 %). Postoperatively, goal categories in which improvement was achieved were urinary continence (70.5 %), sexual function (58.8 %), bulge reduction (56.9 %), defecation (51.7 %), physical (33.3 %), emotional (29.4 %), and social functioning (25 %). Of the women reporting postoperative defecatory or incontinence symptoms, half reported successful improvement in both goals. CONCLUSIONS: Women predominantly reported symptom-related goals, and those goals are most frequently achieved postoperatively. Of women who reported defecatory and incontinence symptoms postoperatively, many still reported successful goal achievement in those areas.