Spirooxadiazoline-oxindoles derived from imatinib show antimyeloproliferative potential in K562 cells.

Imatinib mesylate was the first representative BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) class for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Despite the revolution promoted by TKIs in the treatment of this pathology, a resistance mechanism occurs against all BCR-ABL1 inhibitors, necessitating a constant search for new therapeutic options. To develop new antimyeloproliferative substances, we applied a medicinal chemistry tool known as molecular hybridization to design 25 new substances. These compounds were synthesized and biologically evaluated against K562 cells, which express BCR-ABL1, a constitutively active tyrosine kinase enzyme, as well as in WSS-1 cells (healthy cells). The new compounds are conjugated hybrids that contain phenylamino-pyrimidine-pyridine (PAPP) and an isatin backbone, which are the main pharmacophoric fragments of imatinib and sunitinib, respectively. A spiro-oxindole nucleus was used as a linker because it occurs in many compounds with antimyeloproliferative activity. Compounds 2a, 2b, 3c, 4c, and 4e showed promise, as they inhibited cell viability by between 45% and 61% at a concentration of 10 µM. The CC50 of the most active substances was determined to be within 0.8-9.8 µM.

Impacts of urban emissions and air quality in São Paulo State, Brazil.

Daily violations of air quality have an impact on urban populations and cause damage to the environment. Thus, the study evaluated the violations of the daily concentrations of SO2, NO2, and PM10, in regions of the State of São Paulo (SSP), based on the National Environment Council (CONAMA) resolution no 491/2018 and the World Health Organization (WHO - World Health Organization. (2016). Ambient air pollution: a global assessment of exposure and burden of disease.) criteria. Daily SO2, NO2, and PM10data from 6 air quality stations operated by Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo CETESB (1996-2011) were organized and submitted to quality control, with data faults (gaps) being identified. The imputation of data via spline proved satisfactory in filling in the gaps (r > 0.7 and low values of Standard Error of the Estimate (SEE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The cluster analysis (CA) applied to SO2 formed only one homogeneous group (G1). Contrariwise, NO2 and PM10 formed two homogeneous groups (G1 and G2) each. The stations that showed the greatest similarity according to the CA were Cerqueira Cesar and Osasco. The cophenetic matrix generated for SO2 (0.83), NO2 (0.79), and PM10 (0.77) indicate a satisfactory adjustment of the dendrograms. The exploratory statistics applied to groups G1 and G2 point to the high variability of outliers. The WHO criteria are more restrictive than CONAMA regarding daily violations, with a reduction in SO2 and an increase in specific years for NO2 and PM10. Such variability is due to the adoption of public policies by the SSP and the influence of meteorological systems, being confirmed by the Run test that indicated oscillations in the time series, mainly in PM10, and also recognized well-defined biannual cycles.

A Review of the Development of Multitarget Molecules against HIV-TB Coinfection Pathogens.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) produces the pathologic basis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). An increase in the viral load in the body leads to a decline in the number of T lymphocytes, compromising the patient's immune system. Some opportunistic diseases may result, such as tuberculosis (TB), which is the most common in seropositive patients. Long-term treatment is required for HIV-TB coinfection, and cocktails of drugs for both diseases are used concomitantly. The most challenging aspects of treatment are the occurrence of drug interactions, overlapping toxicity, no adherence to treatment and cases of resistance. Recent approaches have involved using molecules that can act synergistically on two or more distinct targets. The development of multitarget molecules could overcome the disadvantages of the therapies used to treat HIV-TB coinfection. This report is the first review on using molecules with activities against HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) for molecular hybridization and multitarget strategies. Here, we discuss the importance and development of multiple targets as a means of improving adherence to therapy in cases of the coexistence of these pathologies. In this context, several studies on the development of structural entities to treat HIV-TB simultaneously are discussed.

Assessment of meteorological settings on air quality modeling system-a proposal for UN-SDG and regulatory studies in non-homogeneous regions in Brazil.

Air quality models are essential tools to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDG) because they are effective in guiding public policies for the management of air pollutant emissions and their impacts on the environment and human health. Despite its importance, Brazil still lacks a guide for choosing and setting air quality models for regulatory purposes. Based on this, the current research aims to assess the combined WRF/CALMET/CALPUFF models for representing SO2 dispersion over non-homogeneous regions as a regulatory model for policies in Brazilian Metropolitan Regions to satisfy the UN-SDG. The combined system was applied to the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Area (RJMA), which is known for its physiographic complexity. In the first step, the WRF model was evaluated against surface-observed data. The local circulation was underestimated, while the prevailing observational winds were well represented. In the second step, it was verified that all CALMET three meteorological configurations performed better for the most frequent wind speed classes so that the largest SO2 concentrations errors occurred during light winds. Among the meteorological settings in WRF/CALMET/CALPUFF, the joined use of observed and modeled meteorological data yielded the best results for the dispersion of pollutants. This result emphasizes the relevance of meteorological data composition in complex regions with unsatisfactory monitoring given the inherent limitations of prognostic models and the excessive extrapolation of observed data that can generate distortions of reality. This research concludes with the proposal of the WRF/CALMET/CALPUFF air quality regulatory system as a supporting tool for policies in the Brazilian Metropolitan Regions in the framework of the UN-SDG, particularly in non-homogeneous regions where steady-state Gaussian models are not applicable.

Description of eight new mitochondrial genomes for the genus Neoarius and phylogenetic considerations for the family Ariidae (Siluriformes).

The genus Neoarius, known as marine catfish, is a group of the family Ariidae, composed of 10 species found in Oceania. None of the species in this genus have their mitochondrial genome described, which is highly valuable in phylogenetic and molecular evolution studies. For the present work, eight species from the Neoarius genus were selected: Neoarius utarus, Neoarius midgleyi, Neoarius graeffei, Neoarius leptaspis, Neoarius berenyi, Neoarius paucus, Neoarius pectoralis, and Neoarius aff. graeffei. DNA sequences of the eight species were obtained through the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database, and the mitochondrial genomes were assembled using the NOVOplasty tool on the Galaxy platform, subsequently annotated with the MitoAnnotator tool. We then utilized the protein-coding genes from the mitogenomes to estimate the phylogenetic relationships within the group, including seven additional mitogenomes available in the NCBI. In all species, the mitochondrial genomes presented 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 1 D-loop.

Geotechnologies as decision support strategies for the identification of fire-susceptible areas in Rio de Janeiro State.

Forest fires have global, regional, and local socioeconomic and environmental consequences, with negative effects on ecosystem services, air quality, population health, and other relevant aspects, emphasizing their significance in the context of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The study identified areas in the Rio de Janeiro State (RJS) with varying degrees of susceptibility to fire focis using remote sensing data derived from topographic, anthropogenic, meteorological, and hydrological factors based on seasonality and integrated into geographic information systems. The analytical hierarchy process was used as a method of integration and normalized hierarchy of variables, generating susceptibility maps in the annual, summer, and winter periods in the RJS's hydrographic regions (HR), with the application of the associated chi-square test to records of fire focis from the AQUA satellite, period 2003 to 2017, without methodological variation for data acquisition, whose susceptibility was classified as very low to very high. The results show that the years with the most fire foci in the adopted time series are 2007 and 2014, with a peak in September and a fall from October onwards. According to the susceptibility map, 9% of the RJS is highly susceptible during the annual period, with HR-IX being especially vulnerable. In the summer, 0.2% of RJS is extremely vulnerable, while 32% is highly vulnerable in the winter, with 6402 km2 of HR-IX areas being extremely vulnerable. A statistical correlation was discovered between the chi-square test and susceptible areas. This work contributes as a decision-making tool in fire planning and emergency response, with the potential to assist control bodies (city halls, civil defense, environmental protection bodies, health systems) in the local and regional context in the assessment, analysis, and management of these phenomena.

Hybrids of Imatinib with Quinoline: Synthesis, Antimyeloproliferative Activity Evaluation, and Molecular Docking.

Imatinib (IMT) is the first-in-class BCR-ABL commercial tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). However, the resistance and toxicity associated with the use of IMT highlight the importance of the search for new TKIs. In this context, heterocyclic systems, such as quinoline, which is present as a pharmacophore in the structure of the TKI inhibitor bosutinib (BST), have been widely applied. Thus, this work aimed to obtain new hybrids of imatinib containing quinoline moieties and evaluate them against K562 cells. The compounds were synthesized with a high purity degree. Among the produced molecules, the inhibitor 4-methyl-N3-(4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)-N1-(quinolin-4-yl)benzene-1,3-diamine (2g) showed a suitable reduction in cell viability, with a CC50 value of 0.9 µM (IMT, CC50 = 0.08 µM). Molecular docking results suggest that the interaction between the most active inhibitor 2g and the BCR-ABL1 enzyme occurs at the bosutinib binding site through a competitive inhibition mechanism. Despite being less potent and selective than IMT, 2g is a suitable prototype for use in the search for new drugs against chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), especially in patients with acquired resistance to IMT.

New Imatinib Derivatives with Antiproliferative Activity against A549 and K562 Cancer Cells.

Tyrosine kinase enzymes are among the primary molecular targets for the treatment of some human neoplasms, such as those in lung cancer and chronic myeloid leukemia. Mutations in the enzyme domain can cause resistance and new inhibitors capable of circumventing these mutations are highly desired. The objective of this work was to synthesize and evaluate the antiproliferative ability of ten new analogs that contain isatins and the phenylamino-pyrimidine pyridine (PAPP) skeleton, the main pharmacophore group of imatinib. The 1,2,3-triazole core was used as a spacer in the derivatives through a click chemistry reaction and gave good yields. All the analogs were tested against A549 and K562 cells, lung cancer and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell lines, respectively. In A549 cells, the 3,3-difluorinated compound (3a), the 5-chloro-3,3-difluorinated compound (3c) and the 5-bromo-3,3-difluorinated compound (3d) showed IC50 values of 7.2, 6.4, and 7.3 µM, respectively, and were all more potent than imatinib (IC50 of 65.4 µM). In K562 cells, the 3,3-difluoro-5-methylated compound (3b) decreased cell viability to 57.5% and, at 10 µM, showed an IC50 value of 35.8 µM (imatinib, IC50 = 0.08 µM). The results suggest that 3a, 3c, and 3d can be used as prototypes for the development of more potent and selective derivatives against lung cancer.

(Phenylamino)pyrimidine-1,2,3-triazole derivatives as analogs of imatinib: searching for novel compounds against chronic myeloid leukemia.

The enzyme tyrosine kinase BCR-Abl-1 is the main molecular target in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia and can be competitively inhibited by tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib. New potential competitive inhibitors were synthesized using the (phenylamino)pyrimidine-pyridine (PAPP) group as a pharmacophoric fragment, and these compounds were biologically evaluated. The synthesis of twelve new compounds was performed in three steps and assisted by microwave irradiation in a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to obtain 1,2,3-triazole derivatives substituted on carbon C-4 of the triazole nucleus. All compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against a chronic myeloid leukemia cell line (K562) that expresses the enzyme tyrosine kinase BCR-Abl-1 and against healthy cells (WSS-1) to observe their selectivity. Three compounds showed promising results, with IC50 values between 1.0 and 7.3 µM, and were subjected to molecular docking studies. The results suggest that such compounds can interact at the same binding site as imatinib, probably sharing a competitive inhibition mechanism. One compound showed the greatest interaction affinity for BCR-Abl-1 in the docking studies.

Phenylamino-pyrimidine (PAP) Privileged Structure: Synthesis and Medicinal Applications.

The phenylamino-pyrimidine (PAP) nucleus has been demonstrated to be useful for the development of new drugs and is present in a wide variety of antiretroviral agents and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). This review aims to evaluate the application of PAP derivatives in drugs and other bioactive compounds. It was concluded that PAP derivatives are still worth exploring, as they may provide highly competitive ATP TKI's with nano/picomolar activity.

Hair follicle-derived mesenchymal cells support undifferentiated growth of embryonic stem cells.

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether feeder layers composed of human hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hHFDCs) are able to support human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). hHFDCs and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were isolated and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)/F-12 and low-glucose DMEM, respectively. hHFDCs were passaged three times and subsequently characterized. hHFDCs and MEFs were mitotically inactivated with mitomycin C for 3 h prior to co-culture with H9-hESCs. hESCs were initially established on a mouse feeder layer, subsequently transferred onto a human feeder layer and split every 5 days. Cell morphology, expression of specific 'undifferentiation' markers and growth factors, and the differentiation capacity of hESCs grown on the hHFDC feeder layer were analyzed. hHFDCs are adherent to plastic, possess the classic mesenchymal stem cell phenotype [they express cluster of differentiation (CD)90, CD73 and CD105] and are able to differentiate into adipocytes, chondroblasts and osteocytes, indicating that these cells are multipotent. Population-doubling time analysis revealed that hHFDCs rapidly proliferate over 34.5 h. As a feeder layer, hHFDC behaved similarly to MEF in maintaining the morphology of hESCs. The results of alkaline phosphatase activity, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of the expression of pluripotency transcription factors [octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4), Nanog and sex determining region Y-box 2], and immunofluorescence assays of markers (stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 and Oct4) in hESCs co-cultured over hHFDC, indicated that the undifferentiated state of hESCs was preserved. No change in the level of growth factor transcripts (bone morphogenetic protein 4, fibroblast growth factor-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, Pigment epithelium-derived factor and transforming growth factor-ß1) was detected for either feeder layer prior to or following inactivation. Similar phenotypes of embryoid body formation, size and morphology were observed in the hHFDC and MEF feeders. In conclusion, hHFDC maintained hESCs in an undifferentiated state comparable to MEF in standard conditions, which may be an important finding regarding the establishment of stem cell-based translational applications.

Analysis of the relationship between occlusal and clinical parameters and the need for incisor reduction in confined horses - a retrospective study / Análise da relação entre parâmetros oclusais e clínicos e a necessidade de redução de incisivos em equinos estabulados - estudo retrospectivo

The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the relationship between occlusal and clinical parameters and the need for incisor shortening in horses. It was based on the retrospective analysis of the dental charts of 75 confined horses. Body condition score, shape of incisors, presence of dysmastication, excursion to molar contact (EMC) distance before and after cheek teeth occlusal adjustment were evaluated. History of difficult to riding, dysmastication and digestive problems was also considered. The initial measurement of lateral excursion to molar contact (EMC) revealed incisor occlusal surface abnormalities in 45 (60%) horses and long incisors (EMC>15mm) in five (6.6%) horses. Considering clinical examination and history data the need for reduction of incisor length was significant when EMC exceeded 15mm (P<0.0001) and when based on dental shape, clinical history of dysmastication and/or digestive problems or body condition score was also significant (P<0.05). In confined horses, the decision to shorten and align the incisor teeth should be based on observation and history of dysmastication and digestive problems, body condition score, incisors shape and EMC distance. The need for incisor reduction should be determined before dental intervention and reassessed following cheek teeth oclusal adjustment.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação entre parâmetros clínicos e oclusais e a necessidade de redução de dentes incisivos de equinos. Este estudo foi baseado na análise retrospectiva dos odontogramas de 75 cavalos estabulados. Foram analisados o escore corpóreo, o formato dos incisivos, a presença de disfagia, a extensão da excursão lateral da mandíbula no ponto de início do contato molar (ELCM) antes e após o ajuste oclusal molar / pré-molar (M/PM). Foram considerados os históricos de dificuldades de equitação, problemas digestórios e mastigatórios. O exame inicial revelou anormalidade de oclusão em 45 (60%) equinos e incisivos longos (ELCM>15mm) em 5(6,6%). Após o ajuste oclusal M/PM, mais 14 (18,6%) equinos apresentaram ELCM >15mm. Considerando-se os parâmetros oclusais e clínicos em conjunto, foi significante a necessidade de redução dos incisivos quando a ELCM foi maior que 15mm (P<0.0001). A análise individual da presença de distúrbios de oclusão de incisivos, do escore corpóreo magro e regular, da presença e histórico de disfagia e do histórico de dificuldades na condução a necessidade de redução de incisivos com ELCM>15mm foi significante (P<0.05). A decisão de redução do tamanho de dentes incisivos em cavalos confinados deve ser baseada na observação e histórico de disfagia e problemas digestórios, escore corpóreo, formato dos incisivos e na extensão da ELMC. A necessidade de redução dos incisivos deve ser determinada antes e reavaliada após o ajuste oclusal molar/pré-molar.

Marcação de incisões receptoras em cirurgia da restauração capilar - nova metodologia para simetria de densidade / Marking the recipient sites in hair restoration surgery - new methodology to attain symmetric density

Introdução: Em cirurgias de restauração capilar, as incisões receptoras para a inserção das unidades foliculares são realizadas com micro lâminas ou agulhas, procurando conseguir a maior proximidade possível, mas visando a segurança da nutrição sanguínea dos enxertos. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar uma metodologia de marcação prévia de traços ou pontos na pele calva da região frontal, usando carimbos criados pelo autor, objetivando fazer incisões nessas marcas, a fim de se obter simetria de densidade. Métodos: Alguns tipos de carimbos são descritos, e também suas opções de utilização na região frontal, juntamente com três tipos de tinta, uma em cada indivíduo de quatro grupos de pacientes, visando a escolha da tinta que apresentasse maior tempo de permanência na pele. Nos grupos A e B, foram testados, respectivamente, o uso das concentrações usuais das tintas de uso médico e o de uma tinta permanente. Nos grupos C e D, foi testada uma solução alcoólica de 3% de violeta de genciana, sem e com uma película de barreira em spray. Resultados: Os carimbos descritos, umedecidos com o corante testado no grupo D, deixaram traços e pontos sobre o couro cabeludo que, cobertos com a película de barreira, foram resistentes a sangue e lavagens freqüentes. Conclusões: O uso de carimbos para marcar a pele calva, usando o método descrito, facilita a simetria das incisões e a identificação das fendas para a inserção das unidades foliculares, resultando em densidade simétrica na região frontal.

Introduction: In hair restoration surgery, recipient sites for insertion of follicular units are made with microblades or needles, with the goals of achieving the closest proximity possible and to maintain vascular nutritional support for the grafts. This study describes the methodology for preparatory marking of the frontal scalp with dots or lines. Stamps developed by the author are used to make incisions at these sites in order to attain symmetric density. Methods: Several types of stamps are described. Individualized options for use in the frontal region were defined in four groups of patients; three types of inks were used in order to choose the ink with greater permanence in the skin. Groups A and B were respectively tested with common concentrations of inks for medical use and with a permanent ink. Groups C and D were tested with an alcoholic solution of 3% gentian violet, with and without the application of a barrier film spray. Results: Stamps moistened with the ink tested in group D marked lines and dots on the scalp which were resistant to blood and frequent washing, when covered with a barrier film. Conclusions: The use of stamps to mark bald skin with the methodology described improves incision symmetry and slot identification for the insertion of follicular units, in turn resulting in symmetric density in the frontal region.

Caracterização do regime de vento em superfície na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro / Characterization of surface wind regime in the Metropolitan Area of Rio de Janeiro

O trabalho aborda a caracterização do regime de vento em diversos setores da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro (RMRJ), evidenciando a influência do ciclo diário e dos aspectos topográficos nas circulações locais. Na avaliação do padrão de vento foram utilizados dados horários provenientes de estações meteorológicas automáticas de superfície, organizados em gráficos de frequência de vento para o ciclo diário. Finalmente, os resultados evidenciam a modulação da circulação local de acordo com a atuação do sistema de brisa marítima-terrestre. Pode-se destacar a ocorrência de elevados percentuais de calmaria na estação Afonsos, caracterizando-a como uma região de estagnação, influenciada principalmente pelas feições topográficas locais. Este estudo disponibiliza um importante detalhamento da orientação e frequência do vento próximo à superfície, oferecendo subsídios adicionais às autoridades públicas para o aperfeiçoamento de suas políticas de gestão ambiental para a região.

This study deals with the characterization of surface wind regime in several sectors of Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region, and demonstrates the influence of daily wind cycle and the topographic aspects in the local wind circulations. For the evaluation of the wind pattern, it was used hourly data from different automatic surface meteorological stations. Afterward, these hourly data were organized in daily wind frequency. The results clearly showed that the modulation of local wind circulation follows the sea-land breeze system. It was remarkable the high percentage of calm wind conditions observed in the Afonsos weather station, which characterizes this station as a stagnation region influenced essentially by its local topographic features. Finally, this study provides large database on the direction and frequency of surface wind in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region, which could be used by the public authorities to improve their environmental management policy for the region.

Ocorrência da osteocondrite dissecante na articulação tibiotársica em equinos da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo por meio da radiografia digital / Occurrence of osteochondritis dissecans in tibiotarsal joints of equines "Brasileiro de Hipismo" using digital radiography

A osteocondrite dissecante (OCD) é uma doença ortopédica do desenvolvimento que acomete os humanos e os animais e é considerada como o distúrbio de desenvolvimento esquelético mais importante nos potros em crescimento. É uma falha no processo de ossificação endocondral, que compromete as cartilagens articular e de crescimento, principalmente a articulação tibiotársica. Sua ocorrência é importante para a equinocultura mundial pelo risco de produzir incapacitação nos cavalos atletas e de comprometer o bem-estar dos mesmos. O estudo radiográfico das articulações se mantém como método auxiliar de diagnóstico mais utilizado no campo e atualmente os equipamentos portáteis digitais permitem a rápida aquisição de imagens de alta qualidade. Os animais deste estudo foram escolhidos seguindo critérios descritos a seguir. A idade de três anos, a partir da qual as lesões se apresentam bem definidas e com remota possibilidade de reabsorção dos fragmentos. A sanidade, porque os animais sem sinais clínicos de OCD podem ter a avaliação radiográfica negligenciada e ser portadores sãos. A docilidade dos animais foi um critério de escolha, que permitiu um exame rápido e seguro, tanto para os operadores, quanto para os equipamentos utilizados. Pelo registro dos animais radiografados na Associação Brasileira dos Criadores de Cavalos de Hipismo (ABCCH) foi possível investigar a genealogia dos garanhões. O exame radiográfico consistiu na captação de duas projeções oblíquas bilaterais das articulações tibiotársicas. As imagens radiográficas digitais obtidas foram armazenadas e avaliadas posteriormente por profissional com experiência em radiologia e os achados classificaram os animais em positivos e negativos para OCD. Os resultados demonstraram ocorrência de 7,7% (2/26) de OCD na articulação tibiotársica dos garanhões selecionados para o estudo, criados no estado de São Paulo.

Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a developmental orthopaedic disease which can involves both humans and animals and is considered the most important skeletal disorder in growing foals. It is a failure of the endochondral ossification which affects both articular and growth-plate cartilages, primary the tibiotarsal joint. Its occurrence is remarkable for the worldwide horse industry for the risk in disabling sport horses and concerns animal welfare. The radiographic investigation of joints remains the most common diagnostic auxiliary method employed in the field and updated portable digital X-rays machines provide fast acquisition of high quality images. The animals in this study were chosen by the following criteria. The age of three years old when the articular fragments are well defined and stable with low possibilities of resorption. The soundness because horses with no clinical signs are normally neglected and misdiagnosed for OCD. The good-behaviour of the horses provided a safe radiographic approach either for the operators or for the equipment. The genealogical background of the animals was investigated by their breeding record in the Brazilian Association of Sport Horses (ABCCH). The radiographic evaluation consisted in two bilateral oblique views of both tibiotarsal joints. The digital images were stored and further interpreted by an expert radiologist and the results scored the animals into a positive and a negative group for OCD. The results yielded an incidence of 7.7% (2/26) of tibiotarsal OCD in the stallions selected for this study, all of them bred in São Paulo State.

Hidrolipoaspiração: 22 anos de experiência com lipoplastia intumescente / Hydroliposuction: 22 years experience with tumescent lipoplastya

O autor apresenta sua experiência com a Hidrolipoaspiração, um procedimento desenvolvido em 1980 e 1981 como primeiro refinamento da técnica de Illouz.Tece considerações sobre a história da lipoaspiração, evolução natural da Curetagem e Curetagem-Sucção e, em particular, de como chegou a essa forma de aspiração, precedida de hidratação intumescente do tecido gorduroso a ser aspirado. Desde seus primeiros passos na sucção de gorduras em 1980, quando Ivez Illouz chegou ao Brasil, convidado por Vinicius Faria, o autor determinou que seria melhor trabalhar com cânulas finas em uma região excessivamente hidratada e tem defendido este método, o qual considera o mais seguro na técnica de lipoaspiração, intensamente discutido ao longo dos três primeiros anos da lipoplastia no Brasil, em comparação com a técnica seca, surgida em 1982, que defendia a realização da cirurgia sem nenhuma hidratação prévia. Descreve a técnica e apresenta resultados estatísticos.

Producao cientifica dos docentes do Centro de Ciencias da Saude da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina / Scientific production by Faculty members of the School of Health Sciences of the Federal University of Santa Catarina

Trata-se de um estudo exploratorio descritivo com o objetivo de levantar a situacao da producao cientifica dos docentes do Centro de Ciencias da Saude (CCS) nos ultimos 20 anos. O estudo foi realizado com 193 professores dos 9 (nove) departamentos do Centro de Ciencias da Saude que aceitaram participar do estudo. Os dados foram levantados atraves de um formulario e para sua interpretacao utilizou-se estatistica descritiva. Os resultados indicaram que os 193 professores do estudo apresentaram um total de 3.486 producoes cientificas, ou seja, 0,9 producoes/professor/ano. Dos apresentados 147 sao teses; o veiculo mais utilizado para publicacao foi a revista nacional com 793 publicacoes, ou seja, 0,3 publicacao/professor/ano. Os eventos cientificos foram os meios mais utilizados para a divulgacao dos trabalhos, num total de 1.756 ou 0,4 apresentacoes/professor/ano. As publicacoes em andamento foram tambem levantadas. Foram encontrados 295 trabalhos em andamento, dos quais 173 sao pesquisas. O maior numero de producoes pertence aos professores com maior titulacao e que estao nas categorias funcionais mais elevadas. Os departamentos do estudo nao possuem linhas de pesquisas estabelecidas. Constatou-se que apenas os Cursos de Pos-graduacao/Mestrado- em Enfermagem e Odontologia possuem linhas de pesquisa definidas. Os dados indicaram a falta de diretrizes que orientam a producao cientifica do CCS.

The Brazilian ethanol program.

Brazilian needs for petroleum as a primary energy source grew from 13.2% in 1940 to 41.7% in 1977. This resulted in a much greater dependence on foreign sources and prompted the Government to initiate a detailed study of alternatives. The National Alcohol Program established in 1975 is just one of the options being examined. The National Energy Balance forecast shows that annual anhydrous alcohol consumption for automotive purposes should increase from 1.74 × 106 m3 to 4.7 × 106 m3 in the period from 1978 to 1987. This paper presents the main objectives of the National Alcohol Program in the context of the overall Energy Program, points out the problems connected with alcohol production and utilization, and reviews the serious problems related to its distribution to the consuming centers. Finally, the indirect benefits resulting from the implementation of the National Alcohol Program are shown, underlining the saving of foreign currency, the substantial increase in employment opportunities, the reduction in regional and individual income discrepancies, and the expansion of capital goods production, together with the improvement of national technology in the agricultural and industrial sectors.