Clinical Characteristics of Individuals with Interstitial Lung Diseases and Indication of End-of-Life Care.

End-of-life care (EOLC) is palliative support provided in the last 6 months to 1 year of a patient's life. Although there are established criteria for its indication, few studies describe the clinical and functional characteristics of individuals with interstitial lung diseases (ILD) in EOLC. ILD individuals underwent various assessments, including lung function, exercise capacity (6 min walk test), physical activity in daily life (PADL), peripheral muscle strength, maximal respiratory pressures, body composition, quality of life (SGRQ-I), symptoms of anxiety and depression, dyspnea (MRC scale), and sleep quality. Fifty-eight individuals were included and divided into two groups according to the indication for commencing EOLC (ILD with an indication of EOLC (ILD-EOLC) or ILD without an indication of EOLC (ILD-nEOLC). There were differences between the groups, respectively, for steps/day (2328 [1134-3130] vs. 5188 [3863-6514] n/day, p = 0.001), time spent/day carrying out moderate-to-vigorous physical activities (1 [0.4-1] vs. 10 [3-19] min/day, p = 0.0003), time spent/day in standing (3.8 [3.2-4.5] vs. 4.8 [4.1-6.7] h/day, p = 0.005), and lying positions (5.7 [5.3-6.9] vs. 4.2 [3.6-5.1] h/day, p = 0.0004), the sit-to-stand test (20 ± 4 vs. 26 ± 7 reps, p = 0.01), 4 m gait speed (0.92 ± 0.21 vs. 1.05 ± 0.15 m/s, p = 0.02), quadriceps muscle strength (237 [211-303] vs. 319 [261-446] N, p = 0.005), SGRQ-I (71 ± 15 vs. 50 ± 20 pts, p = 0.0009), and MRC (4 [3-5] vs. 2 [2-3] pts, p = 0.001). ILD individuals with criteria for commencing EOLC exhibit reduced PADL, functional performance, peripheral muscle strength, quality of life, and increased dyspnea.

Functional performance tests in interstitial lung disease: Impairment and measurement properties.

BACKGROUND: There is limited information regarding impairment in functional performance tests and their measurement properties in ILD. The present study aimed to verify the impairment and measurement properties of functional performance tests in ILD. METHODS: ILD and healthy individuals underwent assessments of pulmonary function, peripheral muscle strength (handgrip force and maximum isometric contraction of quadriceps femoris - MIVCq) and exercise capacity (6-min walk test - 6MWT). Functional performance was assessed by timed-up-and-go with usual (TUGu) and fast (TUGf) gait speeds, 4-m gait speed (4MGS), sit-to-stand in 30 s (30sec-STS), 1 min (1min-STS) and with 5 repetition (5rep-STS) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Functional performance was compared between groups, validity (correlation with 6MWT and MIVCq) and reliability of tests were checked in subjects with ILD (intra- and inter-rater agreement analysis). RESULTS: Seventy-six participants (40 ILD [25 women, 61 ± 11 years, FVC 75 ± 17 %pred] and 36 healthy [22 women, 61 ± 9 years, FVC 97 ± 11 %pred]) were included. Functional performance in ILD was worse than in healthy individuals in all tests, except for the 30sec-STS (p = 0.13). Pre-specified validity criteria were reached for TUGu, TUGf, 4MGS and 5rep-STS (-0.69 < r < 0.55; p < 0.05 for all). Except for 4MGS and SPPB, all tests showed good to excellent inter-rater (0.85 < ICC<0.93; p < 0.05 for all) and all tests showed good to excellent intra-rater (0.83 < ICC< 0.94; p < 0.05 for all) reliability. CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with ILD present worse functional performance than healthy individuals. According to reliability and validity results, TUGu, TUGf and 5rep-STS seem to be the most appropriate tests to evaluate functional performance in ILD.

Impacto Clínico da Fisioterapia Pré-Operatória nas Complicações Pulmonares Pós-Operatórias de Pacientes Oncológicos / Clinical Impact of Preoperative Physiotherapy on Postoperative Pulmonary Complications of Oncological Patients / Impacto Clínico de la Fisioterapia Preoperatoria sobre las Complicaciones Pulmonares Postoperatorias de Pacientes Oncológicos

Introdução: A fisioterapia pré-operatória em pacientes oncológicos tem papel fundamental para redução das complicações pós-operatórias. Sabe-se que a avaliação pré-operatória identifica os fatores de risco e é decisiva na redução do desenvolvimento de tais complicações. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito da cinesioterapia pré-operatória e do treino muscular inspiratório nas complicações pulmonares pós-operatórias em pacientes oncológicos. Método: Trinta pacientes foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo cinesioterapia, grupo treinamento muscular inspiratório e grupo controle, com dez participantes em cada grupo. Foram realizadas avaliação da força muscular respiratória, teste de caminhada de seis minutos e força muscular periférica. Foi utilizado o teste de Wilcoxon para comparação pré e pós-tratamento. Também foi realizado o teste Kruskal Wallis para comparação do resultado pós-tratamento e o teste qui-quadrado para variáveis categóricas. Utilizou--se o teste de Cohen (d) para identificação do tamanho do efeito. Resultados: Nove (90%) indivíduos do grupo controle apresentaram complicações, enquanto, nos grupos cinesioterapia e de treinamento muscular inspiratório, as complicações foram observadas em dois (20%) e três (30%) pacientes, respectivamente. As pressões inspiratória máxima (PImáx) e expiratória máxima (PEmáx) no treinamento muscular inspiratório e a PImáx no grupo cinesioterapia demonstraram impacto clínico quando comparados ao grupo controle. Conclusão: A cinesioterapia e o treinamento muscular inspiratório impactaram na redução das complicações pós-operatórias das cirurgias oncológicas.

Introduction: Preoperative physiotherapy in cancer patients plays a fundamental role in reducing postoperative complications. It is known that the preoperative assessment identifies risk factors and is critical in reducing the development of such complications. Objective: Identify the effect of preoperative kinesiotherapy and inspiratory muscle training on postoperative pulmonary complications in cancer patients. Method: Thirty patients were randomly divided into a kinesiotherapy group, inspiratory muscle training group and control group, with 10 participants in each group. Respiratory muscle strength assessment, 6-minute walk test and peripheral muscle strength were performed. The Wilcoxon test was used for comparison before and after treatment. The Kruskal Wallis test was also performed to compare the post-treatment result and the Chi-square test for categorical variables. The Cohen test (d) was also performed to identify the effect size. Results: Nine (90%) individuals in the control group had complications, while in the kinesiotherapy and inspiratory muscle training groups, complications were observed in two (20%) and three (30%) patients, respectively. Maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) in inspiratory muscle training and MIP in the kinesiotherapy group demonstrated clinical impact when compared to the control group. Conclusion: Kinesiotherapy and inspiratory muscle training impacted the reduction of postoperative complications of oncology surgeries.

Introducción: La fisioterapia preoperatoria en pacientes oncológicos tiene un papel fundamental en la reducción de las complicaciones posoperatorias. Se sabe que la evaluación preoperatoria identifica factores de riesgo y es decisiva para reducir el desarrollo de tales complicaciones. Objetivo: Verificar el efecto de la kinesioterapia preoperatoria y el entrenamiento de los músculos inspiratorios sobre las complicaciones pulmonares postoperatorias en pacientes con cáncer. Método: Treinta pacientes fueron divididos aleatoriamente en un grupo de kinesioterapia, un grupo de entrenamiento de los músculos inspiratorios y un grupo de control, con diez participantes en cada grupo. Se realizó una evaluación de la fuerza de los músculos respiratorios, la prueba de marcha de seis minutos y la fuerza de los músculos periféricos. Se utilizó la prueba de Wilcoxon para comparar antes y después del tratamiento. También se realizó la prueba de Kruskal Wallis para comparar el resultado postratamiento y la prueba de chi-cuadrado para variables categóricas. También se realizó la prueba de Cohen (d) para identificar el tamaño del efecto. Resultados: Nueve (90%) individuos en el grupo de control tuvieron complicaciones, mientras, en los grupos de kinesioterapia y entrenamiento de los músculos inspiratorios, se observaron complicaciones en dos (20%) y tres (30%) pacientes, respectivamente. Las presiones inspiratorias (MIP) y espiratorias máximas (MEP) en el entrenamiento de los músculos inspiratorios y MIP en el grupo de kinesioterapia demostraron un impacto clínico en comparación con el grupo de control. Conclusión: La kinesioterapia y el entrenamiento de los músculos inspiratorios impactaron en la reducción de las complicaciones posoperatorias de las cirugías oncológicas