Repair bond strength of resin composite to three aged CAD/CAM blocks using different repair systems

PURPOSE@#. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the repair bond strength of a nanohybrid resin composite to three CAD/CAM blocks using different intraoral ceramic repair systems. @*MATERIALS AND METHODS@#. Three CAD/CAM blocks (Lava Ultimate, Cerasmart, and Vitablocks Mark II) were selected for the study. Thirty-two specimens were fabricated from each block. Specimens were randomly divided into eight groups for the following different intraoral repair systems: Group 1: control group (no treatment); Group 2: 34.5% phosphoric acid etching; Group 3: CoJet System; Group 4: Z-Prime Plus System; Group 5: GC Repair System; Group 6: Cimara System; Group 7: Porcelain Repair System; and Group 8: Clearfil Repair System. Then, nanohybrid resin composite (Tetric Evo Ceram) was packed onto treated blocks surfaces. The specimens were thermocycled before application of repair systems and after application of composite resin. After second thermal cycling, blocks were cut into bars (1 × 1 × 12 mm3) for microtensile bond strength tests. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test (α=.05). @*RESULTS@#. Cimara System, Porcelain Repair, and Clearfil Repair systems significantly increased the bond strength of nanohybrid resin composite to all CAD/CAM blocks when compared with the other tested repair systems (P<.05). In terms of CAD/CAM blocks, the lowest values were observed in Vitablocks Mark II groups (P<.05). @*CONCLUSION@#. All repair systems used in the study exhibited clinically acceptable bond strength and can be recommended for clinical use.

Evaluation of the Impact of Childbirth Education Classes in Turkey on Adaptation to Pregnancy Process, Concerns About Birth, Rate of Vaginal Birth, and Adaptation to Maternity: A Case-Control Study.

This study aims to examine the impact of childbirth education in Turkey on the adaptation to pregnancy process, concerns about birth, rate of vaginal birth, and adaptation to maternity. This quasi-experimental study with control group was conducted from December 2013 to December 2014. The sample size was 132 primiparous pregnant women ( nexperimental = 66, ncontrol = 66). The average age of the pregnant women in the experimental and control groups was 24.41 ± 3.92 and 23.68 ± 4.19, respectively. The study showed that experimental group participants had lower concerns about birth, higher levels of knowledge, and faster adaptation to pregnancy and postpartum process; they could also give positive feedback about labor pain and action and could start breastfeeding at an earlier stage when compared with those in the control group ( p < .05). Childbirth education classes increase the knowledge of pregnant women and positively contribute in pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum process.

Workplace Violence in the Health Sector in Turkey: A National Study.

Violence in the workplace is an increasing occupational health concern worldwide. Health care workers are at high risk of assault. To develop, monitor, and manage prevention policies, baseline data should be available. This cross-sectional study was designed to determine the current extent of workplace violence nationwide in Turkey. The study population of 12.944 health care workers was a stratified sample of all health care workers (612,639) in the country. A probabilistic sampling was made on the basis of the "multistage stratified random cluster sampling method." This study was conducted by a structured questionnaire in a face-to-face interview. The questionnaire items were adapted and translated into Turkish based on questionnaires of International Labor Organization, International Council of Nurses, World Health Organization, and Public Services International. The percentage of health care workers who experienced workplace violence in Turkey in the previous 12 months was 44.7%. The types of violence included physical 6.8%, verbal 43.2%, mobbing (bullying) 2.4%, and sexual harassment 1%. Multivariate analysis showed that level of health care system, type of institution, gender, occupation, age, working hours, and shift work were independent risk factors for experiencing workplace violence ( p < .05). Our study indicates that the workplace violence among health care workers is a significant problem. The results of the study can serve as the basis for future analytical studies and for development of appropriate prevention efforts.

The prevalence and risk factors for osteoporosis among 18- to 49-year-old Turkish women.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis and associated risk factors in Turkish women aged 18-49 years. A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted between January and April 2014. The sample (n = 1,792) was comprised of women aged 18-49 years, who resided in Cubuk, Ankara, Turkey, and were selected by simple random sampling. The data were collected in face-to-face interviews using an Individual Information Form and an Osteoporosis Risk Estimation Scale. Bone mineral density was assessed using standard dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Multiple logistic regression and chi-square analyses were used for analyses. Most participants (80.1%) were at low risk of developing osteoporosis, while 6.9% were at medium to high risk of developing the disease. From bone mineral density levels, 33.3% were osteopenic; 4.0% were osteoporotic; 33.3% were osteopenic at the femoral neck; and 6.7% were osteoporotic at the lumbar vertebra L1-L4. Further, results of multiple logistic regression analyses showed that osteoporosis risk was significantly associated with smoking, having light skin, multiparity, and having a family history of osteoporosis (p < .05). These results indicated that public health screening strategies for protecting women's bone health at earlier ages than previously thought might be beneficial.

The Frequency of Unplanned Rehospitalization and Associated Factors in Gyneoncology Patients: A Retrospective Study.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aim to analyze rate and associated factors with unplanned rehospitalization in gynecological cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The electronic database query (2007 to 2014) was used to evaluate rehospitalization rates within 90 days of index admission in patients with gynecological cancer. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with rehospitalization. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 59.05 ± 11.96 years (minimum, 32 years; maximum, 85 years). A total of 152 patients' data were evaluated. Seventy-three patients (48.0%) were rehospitalized within 90 days of discharge. The median length of index hospital stay (from 3 to 34 days) was 8.90 ± 6.03 days. The most common rehospitalization causes includes pain (24.6%), recurrence (21.9%), ascites (13.7%), surgical site infection (12.3%), acute reoperation (9.6%), thromboembolism (8.2%), renal failure (5.5%), ileus/obstruction (2.7%), and lymphedema (1.4%). In multivariable logistic regression model, difference was found between history of operation, receive chemotherapy, development of the complication during hospitalization comorbidities as well as multiparity variables, and rehospitalization (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Unplanned rehospitalization after discharge for gynecological cancer is common with significant associated risk factors and patient outcomes. Integrated multidisciplinary health care strategies, such as safe transition, communication, patient and family education, accurate medication reconciliation, and short-interval outpatient follow-up may help to prevent rehospitalization after discharge and improve patient outcomes.

THE PREVALENCE OF CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGES AND AFFECTING FACTORS IN TURKEY: A NATIONAL SURVEY.

This study was carried out by the Turkish Republic Ministry of Health to determine the prevalence of consanguineous marriage and its correlates with socio-demographic and obstetric risk factors in women in Turkey. The cross-sectional, national-level study was carried out from October to December 2013. The study population was composed of women between the ages of 15 and 65 years living in Turkey. The sample size was calculated as 9290 houses within Turkey's 81 provinces so as to improve the Turkish rural-urban expectations by means of systematic stack sampling according to the Turkish Statistical Institute's address-based vital statistics system. The target sample size was 6364, but only eligible 4913 women, who had been married, were included in the study. The consanguineous marriage frequency in the sample was found to be 18.5%, and of these 57.8% were first cousin marriages. Women living in an extended family and whose education level and first marriage ages were low, and whose perceived economic status was poor, had higher frequencies of consanguineous marriage (p<0.001). Consanguineous marriage frequencies were higher (p<0.001) for women who had spontaneous abortions and stillbirths or who had given birth to infants with a congenital abnormality. In this context, it is important to develop national policies and strategies to prevent consanguineous marriages in Turkey.

Evaluation of the prevalence, type, severity, and risk factors of urinary incontinence and its impact on quality of life among women in Turkey.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Our purpose was to determine prevalence, type, and risk factors of urinary incontinence (UI) and their impacts on quality of life (QoL) of women in Turkey. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 150 women aged 18-80 years at the Yildirim Beyazit University Hospital's Gynecology Outpatient Clinic in Turkey between May 2013 and September 2013. Data were collected using an individual information form and an incontinence QoL questionnaire (I-QOL). Following data distribution, we used the Mann-Whitney U test, Bonferroni-corrected Kruskal-Walis H test, logistic regression analysis, Fisher's exact test, and the chi-square test. RESULTS: Mean age of the study population was 48.7 ± 14.3 years and UI prevalence 86.7 %. The distribution of UI types was 37.7 % stress incontinence (SUI), 3.1 % urge (UUI), and 59.2 % mixed (MUI). I-QOL general average was 56.7 ± 23.28 (min 22, max 110). Most women had experienced UI for at least 5 continuous years and reported a negative impact on QoL; 43.2 % of incontinence women had not received medical therapy. Postmenopause, uterine prolapsus, episiotomy, use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), smoking, caffeine intake, family history of UI, macrosomia, and multiparity were risk factors for UI (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In this study, the prevalence of UI in women was substantial, and UI had a significantly negative impact on all aspects of QoL. However, these women had not sought medical help for the problem. Therefore, health professionals should query women of all ages about symptoms of this prevalent condition and offer treatment if it is detected.

Perspectives of Women during Reproductive Years for Cervical Cancer Scans and Influencing Factors.

BACKGROUND: This descriptive study was performed in order to assess health perspectives of women, who applied to Yildirim Beyazit University Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Outpatient Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology for cervical cancer scans and were in the reproductive years. Factors influencing their perspectives were also assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, a simple random sampling formula was adopted to calculate the volume (300) of the targeted sample. Results of the research were obtained through individual diagnosis form and cervical cancer and the Pap smear test health belief model scale (HBMS). RESULTS: It was found that 75.0% of the women heard of the Pap smear test before, and 48.7% had undertaken one. Some 51.4% of the women who had Pap smear test expressed that they had the test at irregular periods. Most of the women stated that they heard about the smear test from the health staff (51.7%). Lack of any health complaints (28.3%) and not having adequate information about the test (21.0%) were among the reasons for not undergoing a Pap smear test. It was found that lower dimension average scores of the women obtained from the cervical cancer and Pap smear test HBMS varied from 7.7±2.3 to 33.5±9.3. When the lower dimension average scores of women from the HBMS were examined, the perception of usefulness was high but the susceptibility and health motivations were low. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, it was determined that the awareness of women about cervical cancer and the Pap smear test was insufficient, and susceptibility and motivation perception towards having a Pap smear test were low.

Determination of sexual problems of Turkish patients receiving gynecologic cancer treatment: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and types of sexual problems of Turkish patients receiving gynecologic cancer treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional convenience sample of 168 women completed the Index of Female Sexual Function (IFSF) and a Patient Identification Form in a hospital in Ankara, Turkey. Mean IFSF scores of the patients were low (15.7±5.72, out of a possible 45), indicating high rates of sexual problems. RESULTS: Women frequently reported problems with dyspareunia (97.1%), vaginal dryness (97.6%), decreased sexual desire (91.1%), and difficulties of sexual arousal (92.9%) related with the cancer treatment process. They reported increased sexual problems following the period of treatment as compared to before treatment (p<0.05). Sexual dysfunction was associated with low educational and income levels, advanced age, TAH-BSO-LND surgery (total abdominal hysterectomy-bilateral salphingoopherectomy- lymph node dissection), experiencing side effects of chemotherapy, receiving chemotherapy in addition to surgery and radiotherapy (CT+RT+Surgery), and having a large number of chemotherapy cycles (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients hoped for and expected counseling from healthcare professionals about their sexual functioning in relation to cancer treatments. Nurses and physicians can help to improve the overall quality of life for gynecologic cancer patients through sexual counseling.

The effects of hysterectomy on body image, self-esteem, and marital adjustment in Turkish women with gynecologic cancer.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the differences in the effect of hysterectomy on body image, self-esteem, and marital adjustment in Turkish women with gynecologic cancer based on specific independent variables, including age, education, employment, having or not having children, and income. This cross-sectional study compared a group of women who underwent a hysterectomy (n = 100) with a healthy control group (n = 100). The study findings indicate that women who had a hysterectomy were found in worse conditions in terms of body image, self-esteem, and dyadic adjustment compared to healthy women. In terms of dyadic adjustment and body image among women who had undergone a hysterectomy, those with lower levels of income and education were found in poorer conditions. The study's findings show that hysterectomies have negative effects on body image, self-esteem, and dyadic adjustment in women affected by gynecologic cancer. Nursing assessment of self-esteem and marital adjustment indicators and implementation of strategies to increase self-confidence and self-esteem are needed for high-risk women.

Nurses' burnout and unmet nursing care needs of patients' relatives in a Turkish State Hospital.

One of the biggest problems of work life today is burnout. With burnout, satisfaction of clients and service givers reduces. In this study, burnout levels of nurses working in the internal, surgical and intensive care units of a university hospital and the unmet needs of the patients' relatives related to nursing care were investigated. In the study, 225 nurses and 222 relatives of patients constituted the sample group of this study. Three separate forms were used in the study, namely, Nurse and Patient Relative Identification Form, the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Nursing Services Satisfaction Inventory. In the study, burnout levels of the nurses were found to be high. Conditions like younger ages, scarcity of experience in the profession, lower levels of education, having chosen the profession and the unit they work in not willingly and working in environments like intensive care increase the burnout and as a result, expectations of the relatives of patients from nursing care are not fully met. Some suggestions have been made to make some regulations to prevent the burnout of nurses and to increase the satisfaction of relatives.

The relationship between social support and the level of anxiety, depression, and quality of life of Turkish women with gynecologic cancer.

BACKGROUND: Anxiety and depression are among the most common psychosocial problems with gynecologic cancer patients. In this respect, "social support" has become a key tool in the patients' coping with the aforementioned risk factors as an important contributor to their well-being. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between social support and the level of anxiety, depression, and quality of life of Turkish women with gynecologic cancer. METHODS: In a hospital in Turkey, 187 women with a diagnosis of gynecologic cancer comprised a convenience sample and completed 4 study instruments in a cross-sectional design. RESULTS: Statistically significant correlations among type of perceived social support, quality of life, anxiety, and depression (P < .001) were found. While high social support was associated with increased quality of life, it was also associated with reduced anxiety and depression rates. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that the type of perceived social support by the patients with cancer had significant effect on depression, anxiety, and quality of life. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Social support is a powerful tool that can mediate the effects of difficult life stressors and decrease the incidence of mood disorders, and, therefore, greater importance should be attached to it in the realm of cancer treatment. Supported by the collaborative efforts of family members and healthcare professionals, cancer patients will more easily cope with the drawbacks of their state.

Quality of life, anxiety and depression in Turkish women prior to receiving assisted reproductive techniques.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the quality of life and anxiety-depression levels of patients prior to receiving assisted reproductive techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional research was conducted in the In-Vitro Fertilization Unit of a private University's Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Study participants consisted of 160 individuals diagnosed as infertile whose treatment plans were determined, as well as 160 reportedly healthy fertile individuals (n=320). Each participant completed the Patient Identification Form, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory and Quality of Life Scale questionaires. RESULTS: The results of this study indicate a higher prevalence of depression and anxiety in the infertile group (p<0.05). Also, quality of life scores were found to be lower in the infertile group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Individuals who experience infertility need psychological support in order to overcome the psycho-social difficulties they experience. It is essential to have studies that stress the importance of integrating psychological and emotional support into clinical practice.

The efficacy of preopoerative instruction in reducing anxiety following gyneoncological surgery: a case control study.

BACKGROUND: This is a quasi-experimental case control research focusing on the impact of systematic preoperative instruction on the level of postoperative anxiety in gyneoncologic patients. The population studied consists of the gyneoncologic surgery patients admitted to the Gynecologic Oncology Service at Zekai Tahir Burak Gynecology Training and Research Hospital from May to September 2010. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Through a random sampling, 60 patients were recruited in each group. The study group was given a systematic preoperative instruction while the control group was given routine nursing care. Patients were interviewed in the postoperative period and anxiety was measured. The data-collecting tool consisted of the Individual Information Form and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The collected data were analyzed by using the SPSS Program to find the frequency, the percentage, the mean and the standard variables, and the hypothesis was tested with Chi-square, variance, and t-independent test. RESULTS: It was found that the incidence rates from the post-operative anxiety score of the study group were lower than those of the control group (p<.05). The results of this research demonstrated that gyneoncologic surgery patients who were given systematic preoperative instruction felt less anxious than the ones who were given merely a routine nursing care. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study suggest that preoperative instruction programs aiming at informing gyneoncologic surgery patients at the preoperative stage should be organized in hospitals and have an essential role.

Carcinomas associated with Lynch syndrome: a family history.

Lynch syndrome is a rare and inherited defect disorder. People who have Lynch syndrome are strongly predisposed to develop colorectal cancer as well as several other types of cancer. The aim of this study was to explore features of ovarian cancers arising in families with Lynch syndrome. This study was a case report based on family history examining three patients with a new diagnosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma with ovarian cancer. Family members of carriers of the mutations were counseled, and those found to be at risk were offered mutation testing. The clinical criteria of the Amsterdam II guidelines for Lynch syndrome were used in this study. This is a maternal history of a 27-year-old woman sharing the destiny of her 48-year-old mother and 45-year-old aunt, both of which were suffering from Lynch syndrome associated with ovarian cancer. The maternal grandmother and maternal uncle of this young woman also suffered from colon cancer in their forties. The medical implications for the carrier relatives were considered as the maternal branch of the family.

Premenstrual Syndrome in Turkish college students and its effects on life quality.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research is to analyze the frequency of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) in college students, the factors affecting Premenstrual Syndrome and the effect of Premenstrual Syndrome on life quality. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The research was performed on 316 students who study at Medical Sciences Faculty of Baskent University and accepted to take part in the research. The data of the research was compiled by using "Questionnaire Form", "PMS Rating Scale" and "Life Quality Scale" developed by the researchers. In the analysis of the data; Percentage distribution, Chi-square test, One Way Anova test, Logistic regression, Multi nominal regression analysis were used. FINDINGS: PMS was detected in 72.1% of the students. The most frequent symptoms are mainly low back pain, stress-discomfort, nervous-anger, distention and breast tenderness. PMS was found significantly high in those students who have menstrual irregularity, who have dysmenorrhea, who consume 2 cups of coffee or above per day and who smoke and drink alcohol (p<0.05). When the relation of PMS with life quality was evaluated, it was determined that the life quality decreases as PMS score average increases (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: PMS rate is high in college students and this adversely affects the life quality. It was revealed that the preventive, instructive and consultancy roles of the medical staff became more of an issue in reducing the effect of the factors causing and/or aggravating these symptoms in order to decrease PMS incidence and to improve the life quality of the students.