RESUMO
Genetic relationships between populations can be studied by comparing genotypic and allelic similarities. This investigation aims to demonstrate that selected autosomal microsatellite markers could be used to study the genetic structures of different populations living in northwest Venezuela, in Zulia State. Seven autosomal systems (CSF1PO, TPOX, TH01, vWA, D7S820, D13S317, and D5S818) were tested by PCR in a multiplex format on 688 different chromosomes from unrelated individuals living in Maracaibo, "Isla de Toas," and "San José de Heras," and from two Amerindian populations from the "Sierra de Perijá," Barí' and Yukpa. Allele frequencies, Hardy-Weinberg equilibria, genetic distances, phylogenetic trees, and ethnic admixtures were estimated. The study shows the existence of a clear genetic difference among these populations in accordance with their historic evolution. The populations of Maracaibo and "Isla de Toas" showed a triracial origin, with a large European contribution, followed by an Amerindian component and a small African component. The indigenous groups, Barí' and Yukpa, showed exclusively an Amerindian component, and "San José de Heras" showed only an African component. These results indicate that microsatellite markers are useful for molecular anthropology in a regional and worldwide context and provide important genetic information about contemporary populations of Venezuela.
Assuntos
Alelos , DNA/genética , Frequência do Gene , Genética Populacional/métodos , Sequências de Repetição em Tandem , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Feminino , Marcadores Genéticos , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , VenezuelaRESUMO
Presentamos los primeros datos de secuencias STRs del cromosoma Y en tres poblaciones diferentes de Zulia, Venezuela. Haplotipos basados en el análisis de cuatro Y-STRs: DYS19, DYS390, DYS391 y DYS393 se construyeron en una muestra de 160 hombres no relacionados genéticamente. Se observó diferencias en las frecuencias de haplotipos específicos, en particular entre Maracaibo e Isla de Toas sobre Wayúu. En éstos, los haplotipos más frecuentes incluían alelos marcadores de poblaciones amerindias mientras que en poblaciones de Maracaibo e Isla de Toas incluían alelos de poblaciones europeas (AU)
Assuntos
Masculino , Humanos , Haplótipos/genética , Cromossomo Y/classificação , Cromossomo Y/genética , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Venezuela , Marcadores Genéticos , Genética PopulacionalRESUMO
Como parte de un estudio para describir la variabilidad genética en la región del Zulia, un estado al noroeste de Venezuela, en este trabajo se ha estudiado el locus hipervariable D1S80 en individuos nativos de cuatro diferentes poblaciones de ese estado, tres de ellas, predominantemente caucasoides y una amerindia. El Indice de Fijación, Fst, reveló diferencias significativas entre las poblaciones estudiadas y las distancias genéticas fueron también significativas entre todas las poblaciones excepto entre dos de las poblaciones de origen caucásico. Los resultados indican la utilidad del locus D1S80 para evaluar la contribución étnica diferencial de poblaciones mezcladas (AU)
Assuntos
Feminino , Masculino , Humanos , Repetições Minissatélites , Cromossomos Humanos Par 1/genética , Genética Populacional , Medicina Legal/métodos , VenezuelaRESUMO
Allele frequencies for nine autosomal STRs loci were obtained from individuals from a sample of unrelated individuals born in Venezuela.
Assuntos
Alelos , Genética Populacional , Sequências de Repetição em Tandem , Ligação Genética , Humanos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , VenezuelaRESUMO
Non coding DNA of human genome contains an important part of tandem repetitive DNA which last years has been extensively applied to solve paternity disputes and individual identification cases. A class of this DNA are minisatellites and microsatellites loci. Such loci are highly polimorphics because they have a multiple of different alleles to make them ideals genetic markers for these purposes. This article is a review about these loci, methods of their analysis and practical aspects about their applications to determine biological paternity or individual identification in the forensic genetic field are considered.
