A study of clinical anatomy of the safe zone for the volar approach for wrist arthroscopy.

OBJECTIVE: The current study was to perform an anatomical observation of the volar approach for wrist arthroscopy and to establish the safe zone for this approach. METHODS: Eight preserved specimens and 2 fresh specimens were used to simulate the medial-to-lateral operation and to mark the volar approach. Based on anatomical measurements of the volar approach, the closest distances from the 1/2, 6R, 6U, VR, VR' and VU approaches to the adjacent important structures were established. RESULTS: The closest distance from the 1/2 approach to the superficial branch of the radial nerve was 2.4±1.5mm. The closest distances from the 6U and 6R approaches to the dorsal carpal branch of the ulnar nerve were 16.2±1.3mm and 9.0±2.4mm, respectively. The closest distances from the VR and VR' approaches to the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve were 6.7±1.1mm and 2.8±0.9mm, respectively; the closest distances to the radial artery were 6.3±4.0mm and 10.0±3.4mm, respectively. Moreover, both of the two approaches passed through the base of the flexor carpi radialis tendon. The closest distance from the VU approach to the ulnar artery and flexor digitorum profundus tendon were 3.3±1.4mm and 0.3±2.5mm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, a safe zone could be located for the establishment of the volar approach for wrist arthroscopy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III; retrospective study with no control group.

Tumoral calcinosis on thigh in a hemodialysis patient and literature review / 中华肾脏病杂志

The paper reported a patient under maintained hemodialysis for 11 years, with a large mass appeared in the right thigh after local injury. The mass was clinically considered as tumoral calcinosis combined with clinical, imaging and pathological findings. Several treatments such as enhancing dialysis adequacy, low calcium dialysate, calcimimetic agent, non-calcium- phosphorus binding agents, parathyroidectomy and intravenous infusion of sodium thiosulfate could not vanish the mass. Finally, the lump was surgically removed. The treatment of tumoral calcinosis in the hemodialysis patient can provide a instruction for similar situations in clinical practice.

TRIM21 improves apatinib treatment in gastric cancer through suppressing EZH1 stability.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a common tumor with high metastatic rate worldwide. Promoting chemosensitivity is effective for improving therapeutic outcome and survival rate for GC patients. Tripartite motif-containing 21 (TRIM21), a member of TRIM-containing proteins, plays crucial roles in regulating numerous cellular events involved in tumor progression. However, it's regulatory effects on GC growth and drug sensitivity are still unclear. In the present study, we identified that TRIM21 expression was remarkably decreased in human GC tissues compared with the adjacent normal ones, and its down-regulation was closely linked to higher recurrence and lower overall survival rate among GC patients. We then found that apatinib (APA)-reduced GC cell proliferation was significantly abolished by TRIM21 knockdown; however, promoting TRIM21 expression further improved the sensitivity of GC cells to APA treatment, as proved by the remarkably decreased cell viability and colony formation. Furthermore, TRIM21 over-expression dramatically enhanced apoptosis, while its knockdown markedly diminished apoptotic cell death in APA-incubated GC cells. Moreover, stem cell properties of GC cells were also restrained by TRIM21. Our in vivo experiments showed that APA-repressed tumor growth was considerably abolished by TRIM21 knockdown, whereas being further elevated by TRIM21 over-expression. In addition, we showed that TRIM21 markedly decreased enhancer of zeste homolog 1 (EZH1) protein expression levels in GC cells, and importantly, a direct interaction between TRIM21 and EZH1 was verified. Of note, our in vitro studies revealed that EZH1 over-expression remarkably abolished the function of TRIM21 to restrain cell viability and induce apoptosis in APA-incubated GC cells, indicating that EZH1 suppression was necessary for TRIM21 to inhibit GC progression. Together, our findings demonstrated that TRIM21 may be a novel therapeutic target for GC treatment through reducing EZH1 to improve chemosensitivity.

Pleckstrin 2 is a potential drug target for colorectal carcinoma with activation of APC/ß­catenin.

The tumor suppressor gene adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is frequently inactivated or absent in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Loss­of­function of APC promotes the expression of ß­catenin, which is critical for CRC development. Since ß­catenin acts as an important transcription factor, blockage of ß­catenin may have side effects, including impairment of tissue homeostasis and regeneration, thus limiting the application of ß­catenin inhibitors for the treatment of patients with CRC. Therefore, identifying a novel substrate of APC/ß­catenin may provide essential clues to develop effective drugs. Small interfering RNA technology and lentivirus­mediated overexpression were performed for knockdown and overexpression of pleckstrin 2 (PLEK2) in CRC cells. Cell Counting Kit­8 and colony formation assays, and cell cycle analysis and cell apoptosis detection were used to detect the capacity of cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. The present study demonstrated that the APC/ß­catenin signaling cascade transcriptionally activated PLEK2 in CRC cells. PLEK2 expression was markedly increased in CRC tissues. There was an inverse correlation between APC and PLEK2 expression in patients with CRC. In vitro, overexpression of PLEK2 increased the proliferation of CRC cells. Opposite results were observed in the cells with knockdown of PLEK2. Furthermore, PLEK2 promoted cell cycle progression and suppressed apoptosis. In summary, upregulation of PLEK2 contributed to CRC proliferation and colony formation activated by the APC/ß­catenin signal pathway. Targeting PLEK2 may be important for the treatment of patients with CRC with activation of the APC/ß­catenin signaling pathway.

Exosomal CircPRRX1 Enhances Doxorubicin Resistance in Gastric Cancer by Regulating MiR-3064-5p/PTPN14 Signaling.

PURPOSE: Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant tumor with a high mortality rate. Drug resistance is a major obstacle to GC therapy. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of exosomal circPRRX1 in doxorubicin resistance in GC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HGC-27 and AGS cells were exposed to different doses of doxorubicin to construct doxorubicin-resistant cell lines. Levels of circPRRX1, miR-3064-5p, and nonreceptor tyrosine phosphatase 14 (PTPN14) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR or Western blot assay. Then, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide, transwell, and Western blot assays were used to explore the function of circPRRX1 in GC cells. Interactions among circPRRX1, miR-3064-5p, and PTPN14 were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The in vivo function of circPRRX1 was analyzed in a xenograft tumor model. RESULTS: CircPRRX1 was highly expressed in doxorubicin-resistant GC cell lines. Knockdown of circPRRX1 reversed doxorubicin resistance in doxorubicin-resistant GC cells. Additionally, extracellular circPRRX1 was carried by exosomes to spread doxorubicin resistance. CircPRRX1 silencing reduced doxorubicin resistance by targeting miR-3064-5p or regulating PTPN14. In GC patients, high levels of circPRRX1 in serum exosomes were associated with poor responses to doxorubicin treatment. Moreover, depletion of circPRRX1 reduced doxorubicin resistance in vivo. CONCLUSION: CircPRRX1 strengthened doxorubicin resistance by modulating miR-3064-5p/PTPN14 signaling and might be a therapeutic target for GC patients.

Iron-Manganese (Oxyhydro)oxides, Rather than Oxidation of Sulfides, Determine Mobilization of Cd during Soil Drainage in Paddy Soil Systems.

The preharvest drainage of rice paddy fields during the grain filling stage can result in a substantial mobilization of Cd in soil and, consequently, elevated grain Cd concentration. However, the processes controlling the mobilization of Cd remains poorly understood. Using 12 field-contaminated paddy soils, we investigated the factors controlling the temporal changes in Cd solubility in paddy soils that were incubated anaerobically for 40 d followed by a 20 d oxidation period. Soluble and extractable Cd concentrations decreased rapidly upon flooding but increased during the oxidation phase, with Cd solubility (aqueous Cd/soil Cd) largely depending upon porewater pH. Furthermore, inhibiting sulfate reduction or inhibiting oxidation dissolution of Cd-sulfides had little or no effect on the mobilization of Cd in the subsequent oxidation phase. Both sequential extraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analyses revealed that changes in Cd solubility were largely dependent upon the transformation of Cd between the Fe-Mn (oxyhydro)oxide fraction and exchangeable fraction. Mobilization of Cd upon soil drainage was caused by a decrease in soil pH resulting in the release of Cd from Fe-Mn (oxyhydro)oxides. Taken together, Fe-Mn (oxyhydro)oxides play a critical (and prevalent) role in controlling the mobilization of Cd upon soil drainage in paddy systems.

Clinicopathological features of diffuse pulmonary meningotheliomatosis / 中华病理学杂志

Objective@#To study the clinicopathological characteristics, immunophenotype, pathologic diagnosis and differential diagnosis of diffuse pulmonary meningotheliomatosis (DPM).@*Methods@#The clinical data, histological features and immunohistochemical results of three cases of DPM collected from January 2016 to May 2018 at Guangdong Provincial People′s Hospital were analyzed, and the relevant literature reviewed.@*Results@#The three DPM patients age was 53, 69 and 74 years. The lesions consisted of multiple minute pulmonary meningothelial-like nodules profusely involving the lungs. Microscopically, they showed typical morphology, characterized by medium-sized elongated tumor cells resembling meningothelial cells with whorled/nested clusters. The cells were uniform and had abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm with oval nuclei with delicate chromatin. Immunohistochemical staining showed tumor cells were diffusely and strongly positive for EMA, vimentin and PR, but were negative for CAM5.2, CgA, Syn, CK7 and TTF1.@*Conclusions@#DPM is extremely rare, and may be confused with primary interstitial pulmonary processes and metastatic malignant tumors of lung. Recognition of this entity is essential for pathologists to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment.

Influence of Xingnaojing injection on levels of NO ,IGF-1 ,MIF and it therapeutic effect in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective :To explore influence of Xingnaojing injection on levels of nitric oxide (NO) ,insulin-like growth fac-tor 1 (IGF-1) ,macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (MIF) and its therapeutic effect in patients with hypertensive cere-bral hemorrhage (HCH).Methods :A total of 96 HCH patients treated in our hospital were selected .According to random number table ,they were randomly and equally divided into routine treatment group and Xingnaojing group ,both groups were treated for two weeks .Levels of serum inflammatory factors ,NO ,IGF-1 ,MIF and United states national institutes of health stroke score (NIHSS) before and after treatment ,and therapeutic effect were compared between two groups .Re-sults :Compared with before treatment ,after treatment ,there were significant reductions in levels of CRP ,TNF-α ,IL-6 , MIF and NIHSS score ,and significant rise in levels of NO and IGF-1 in two groups ,P＝0.001 all ;compared with routine treatment after treatment ,there were significant reductions in levels of CRP [ (18.59 ± 4.90) mg/L vs.(12.48 ± 2.56) mg/L] ,TNF-α [ (29.45 ± 5.80) μg/ml vs.(23.02 ± 6.89) μg/ml] ,IL-6 [ (97.56 ± 21.25) μg/ml vs.(88.56 ± 20.12) μg/ml] ,MIF [(50.78 ± 4.90) ng/L vs.(42.02 ± 6.12) ng/L] and NIHSS score [(7.45 ± 2.23) scores vs.(5.12 ± 1.23) scores] ,and significant rise in levels of NO [ (43.56 ± 5.88) μmol/L vs.(50.46 ± 6.39) μmol/L] and IGF-1 [ (55.78 ± 6.03) nmol/L vs.(61.56 ± 8.02) nmol/L] in Xingnaojing group , P＜0.05 or ＜0.01. After treatment ,total effective rate of Xingnaojing group was significantly higher than that of routine treatment group (93.75% vs.72.92%,P＝0.006). Conclusion : Xingnaojing injection can significantly reduce inflammation level ,improve cerebral neurological function and clinical therapeutic effect in HCH patients .

Clinicopathologic features of myxoid adrenocortical adenomas / 中华病理学杂志

Objective@#To study the clinicopathologic characteristics, immunophenotype, pathologic diagnosis and differential diagnosis of myxoid adrenocortical adenomas.@*Methods@#The clinical data, histological features and immunohistochemical results of 4 cases of myxoid adrenocortical adenomas were analyzed, which were collected from January 2014 to December 2016 at Guangdong General Hospital, with review of literature.@*Results@#Four cases of myxoid adrenocortical adenomas were presented. The patients ages ranged from 26 to 45 years (mean =35 years). Microscopically, it showed a typical morphology, characterized by small-sized tumor cell cords or pseudo-glands embedded in an abundant extracellular myxoid matrix. Immunohistochemical staining showed tumor cells were strongly positive for Melan A, vimentin and focally for α-inhibin, one case showed strong and diffuse positivity for CAM5.2, and two cases showed diffuse positivity for synaptophysin, while negative for CgA, S-100 protein, epithelial antigen, CK7, CK20 and CKpan.@*Conclusions@#Myxoid adrenocortical adenomas are extremely rare, which may cause confusion with metastatic well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours, sex cord-stromal tumoursor metanephric adenoma. Recognition of this entity would be beneficial for pathologists to avoid misdiagnosis, and unnecessary treatment.

The analysis of seeking behavior and medical expenses for diabetic outpatients of New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme in eastern areas of China / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of seeking behavior and medical expense of outpatients in the New Rural Cooperative Scheme,and provide suggestions and theoretical basis for the implementation and pro-motion of hierarchical medical policy systems.Methods:In this study,13 counties in the eastern part of China were selected.By using data about diabetes mellitus distribution and medical expense of outpatient service reimbursement database in Beijing New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme from 2009 to 2013,the diabetes mellitus were divided in-to two groups:with complications and without complications; the number of visits and proportion of the first-class, secondary-and tertiary-level medical institutions and the average annual growth rate of the five-year were calculated and the total expense,the average cost,the individual burden and the annual growth rate of the two types of diabetes mellitus were statistically analyzed.Results:The visits in the tertiary medical institutions of diabetes mellitus without complications decreased from 1895 to 661 and the proportion decreased from 3.05% to 0.6% from 2009 to 2013, while the visits in the tertiary medical institutions of diabetes mellitus with complications increased year by year and the proportion increased from 3.27%~4.24% since 2010.Outpatient medical expenses varied widely between pa-tients with and without complications and the higher the level,the greater the difference between the two.At the first-class,secondary-and tertiary-level institutions,the average expenses per time of diabetes mellitus with complications were 2.50,3.34 and 3.75 times higher than the diabetes mellitus without complications and the average out-of-pock-et expenses per time were 2.62,3.66 and 3.96 times higher than the latter respectively.Conclusions:From 2009 to 2013,the utilization of primary outpatient service in the region achieved some success while there were still some problems including unreasonable outpatient distribution, and more diabetic patients with complications went to the tertiary-level institutions than those without complications.Compared with outpatients without complications,patients with complications face up to a larger direct-economic burden of disease.The construction and the ability to prevent and control diabetes mellitus of basic medical institutions should be further strengthened,and the distribution of pa-tient needs to be reasonably led to enhance the service quality and ability of preventing,treating and controlling dia-betes and complications,and to guide patients with diabetes to seek medical treatment in primary healthcare institu-tions.

A Special Electroencephalography Pattern Might Help in the Diagnosis of Antibody-positive Encephalitis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Patterns observed with electroencephalography (EEG) for patients who have encephalitis are usually known as generalized nonspecific cerebral abnormalities. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of a special EEG pattern for patients with encephalitis and to explore features related to this special and uncommon pattern.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>EEG monitoring was performed for every patient aged >15 years with encephalitis who was hospitalized between December 2011 and March 2014. Clinical characteristics and EEG recordings were collected and evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fifty-two patients with encephalitis were enrolled in our study with a 2-h median EEG recording time, and extreme beta brushes (EBBs) occurred in 17 patients (32.7%). Its presence was not significant regarding gender, age, psychiatric medication use, EEG rhythmic disorganization (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, among the patients with EBBs, nine patients (52.9%) had epileptic seizures that had a significant detection rate (P < 0.05); moreover, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum of 15 patients (88.2%) with EBBs was positive for antibodies (P < 0.05). Four patients (23.5%) who had EBB had corresponding regional distributions on neuroimaging scans. The EBBs completely correlated with the regional distributions of spike discharges for four patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EBB is a special EEG pattern for patients with encephalitis, especially those with epileptic seizures or who have antibody-positive CSF/serum, and should be considered in clinical practice.</p>

Production of novel "functional oil" rich in diglycerides and phytosterol esters with "one-pot" enzymatic transesterification.

Diglycerides and phytosterol esters are two important functional lipids. Phytosterol esters mixed with dietary diglyceride could not only influence body weight but also prevent or reverse insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia. In this study, a kind of novel "functional oil" rich in both diglycerides and phytosterol esters was prepared with "one-pot" enzymatic transesterification. First, lipase AYS (Candida rugosa) was immobilized on the porous cross-linked polystyrene resin beads (NKA) via hydrophobic interaction. The resulting immobilized AYS showed much better transesterification activity and thermal stability to freeways. On the basis of the excellent biocatalyst prepared, a method for high-efficiency enzymatic esterification of phytosterols with different triglycerides to produce corresponding functional oils rich in both diglycerides and phytosterol esters was developed. Four functional oils rich in both diglycerides and phytosterol esters with conversions >92.1% and controllable fatty acid composition were obtained under the optimized conditions: 80 mmol/L phytosterols, 160 mmol/L triglycerides, and 25 mg/mL AYS@NKA at 180 rpm and 50 °C for 12 h in hexane. The prepared functional oil possessed low acid value (≤1.0 mgKOH/g), peroxide value (≤2.1 mmol/kg), and conjugated diene value (≤1.96 mmol/kg) and high diglyceride and phytosterol ester contents (≥10.4 and ≥20.2%, respectively). All of the characteristics favored the wide application of the functional oil in different fields of functional food.

Renal expression of RANK-RANKL in a rat model of puromycin aminonucleoside nephropathy / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate RANK-RANKL expression in the kidneys of a rat model of puromycin aminonucleoside nephropathy (PAN).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into PAN model group and normal control group. PAN was induced by a single intravenous injection of 100 mg/kg puromycin aminonucleoside. Serum creatinine and 24-hour urinary protein were measured on days 3, 7, and 14 after the injection, and renal pathologies were assessed with optical and immune transmission electron microscopy. The expression of RANK and RANKL in the kidneys was examined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The PAN model rats showed massive proteinuria and elevated serum creatinine on day 3, which peaked on day 7. RANK-RANKL protein and mRNA expressions in PAN model group was higher than those in the control group. In the PAN rats, RANK was expressed mainly on the top cell membrane and in the cytoplasm of renal podocytes with a significantly increased expression level compared with that in the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The PAN rat model shows aberrant RANK and RANKL expressions in the podocytes, indicating their contribution to podocyte injury in PAN.</p>

Lipase immobilization on hyper-cross-linked polymer-coated silica for biocatalytic synthesis of phytosterol esters with controllable fatty acid composition.

In this study, a novel mixed-mode composite material, SiO(2)@P(MAA-co-VBC-co-DVB), was prepared via the hyper-cross-linking of its precursor, which was produced via suspension polymerization in the presence of SiO(2) particles. Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) was immobilized on the SiO(2)@P(MAA-co-VBC-co-DVB) particles via hydrophobic and weak cation-exchange interaction. The resulting immobilized CRL showed much better thermal stability and reusability in comparison to free CRL. On the basis of the excellent biocatalyst prepared, a method for high-efficiency enzymatic esterification of phytosterols with different fatty acids to produce the corresponding phytosterol esters was developed. Six phytosterol esters with conversions above 92.1% and controllable fatty acid composition were obtained under the optimized conditions: 80 µmol/mL phytosterols, 160 µmol/mL linolenic acid, and 15 mg/mL CRL@HPCS at 300 rpm and 50 °C for 7 h in 30 mL of isooctane. The prepared phytosterol esters possessed a low acid value (≤0.86 mg of KOH/g), peroxide value (≤3.3 mequiv/kg), and conjugated diene value (≤1.74 mmol/kg) and high purity (≥97.8%) and fatty solubility (≥28.9 g/100 mL). All the characteristics favored the wide application of phytosterol esters with controllable fatty acid composition in different fields of functional food.

Ultrasonic pretreatment for lipase-catalyed synthesis of phytosterol esters with different acyl donors.

This study is focused on the enzymatic esterification of phytosterols with different acyl donors to produce the corresponding phytosterol esters catalyzed by Canadia sp. 99-125 lipase under ultrasound irradiation. An ultrasonic frequency of 35 kHz, power of 200 W and time of 1h was determined to guarantee satisfactory degree of esterification and lipase activity. The influence of temperature, substrates concentration and molar ratio was investigated subsequently. The optimum production was achieved in isooctane system at 60°C with phytosterol concentration of 150 µmol/mL and phytosterol to fatty acid molar ratio of 1:1.5, resulting in a phytosterol esters conversion of above 85.7% in short reaction time (8h). Phytosterols esters could also be converted in high yields to the corresponding long-chain acyl esters via transesterification with triacylglycerols (above 90.3%) under ultrasound irradiation. In optimum conditions, the overall esterification reaction rate using the ultrasonic pretreatment process was above 2-fold than that of mechanical stirring process without damage the lipase activity.

Immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase on hydrophobic/strong cation-exchange functional silica particles for biocatalytic synthesis of phytosterol esters.

In this work, mixed-mode silica particles functionalized with octyl and sulfonic acid groups was conveniently prepared by co-bonding a mixture of n-octyltriethoxysilane and 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane and then oxidized with hydrogen peroxide. Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) was immobilized on the mixed-mode silica particles via hydrophobic and strong cation-exchange interaction. The resulting immobilized CRL increased remarkably its stability at high temperature in comparison to free CRL. The immobilized CRL was used as biocatalysts for enzymatic esterification of phytosterols with free fatty acids (FFAs) to produce phytosterol esters. The phytosterols linolenate esterification degree of 95.3% was obtained under the optimized condition. Phytosterols esters could also been converted in high yields to the corresponding long-chain acyl esters via transesterification with methyl esters of fatty acids (80.5%) or triacylglycerols (above 95.5%) using mixed-mode silica particles immobilized CRL as biocatalyst. Furthermore, the immobilized CRL by absorption retained 78.6% of their initial activity after 7 recycles.

Accuracy of liquid-based cytology in diagnosis of high-grade squamous cervical intraepithelial neoplasia / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate factors affecting the diagnostic accuracy of cervical liquid-based cytology for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective evaluation of cytological and histological slides was performed in 415 patients who had cytological HSIL between 2007 and 2010.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 42 209 cases screened by ThinPrep liquid-based cytology, 415 cases (1.0%) of HSIL were eventually identified. The mean age of HSIL patients was 41.6 years, and 30-49 years were the most common age group. Among 415 cases, 325 patients had available histological diagnosis as follows: 23 (7.1%) negative, 22 (6.8%) CIN1/HPV, 223 (68.6%) CIN2/CIN3, and 57 (17.5%) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The positive predictive values of HSIL to predict CIN2 (or higher grade of dysplasia) and CIN1 were 86.2% (280/325) and 92.9% (302/325), respectively. Inadequate biopsy, reactive glandular cells, islet atrophy, chemo/radiotherapy and others were responsible for the cytologically false-positive diagnosis. Fifty-seven (17.5%) cases of HSIL had a histological diagnosis of SCC. The possible causes of misdiagnosis were social factors, under-recognized cytological features of poorly-differentiated SCC and absence of typical diagnostic features in cytology slides.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cytology of HSIL has a high positive predictive value for the presence of CIN2/CIN3 and SCC. Cytologists and gynecologists should be aware of the diagnostic pitfalls that may lead to the discrepancy between cytology and histology.</p>

[Effect of oral administration of tribendimidine at different dosages against Trichinella spiralis encapsulated larvae in mice].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy of oral administration of tribendimidine (TBD) at different dosages against Trichinella spiralis encapsulated larvae in murine striated muscle. METHODS: A total of 88 BALB/c mice were divided equally into 11 groups. Each mouse was infected orally with 50 T spiralis encapsulated larvae. At day 29 after infection, TBD was each orally administered to mice of the 11 groups with doses of 0 (control group), 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, and 500 mg/(kg x d), respectively. All mice were administered once a day and lasted for 6d, and untoward drug reactions for mice were observed. Mice were sacrificed at the 7th day after administration of TBD, the encapsulated larvae in diaphragmatic muscle, jugomaxillary muscle, pectoral muscle and gastrocnemius muscle were examined by pellet method, and the total, survival and dead worms were counted. The therapeutic effect was estimated on the basis of average quantity of encapsulated larvae per gram muscle. RESULTS: During the administration period, no untoward reaction were observed in mice of 50-300 mg/(kg x d) groups. Mice in 350 and 400 mg/(kg x d) groups showed body hair dishevelment, emaciation and food-intake decrease, death rates were 25% and 50%, respectively. All mice in 450 and 500 mg/(kg x d) groups died on day 4 and 5 after TBD administration, respectively. In control group, the highest total burden (per gram) was found in diaphragmatic muscle, followed by jugomaxillary muscle, gastrocnemius muscles and pectoral muscles. TBD at dose of 50 mg/(kg x d) was unable to kill encapsulated larvae. In the rest groups, with the increase of drug dose, the total worm burden and the number of survival worms showed a decreasing trend in four kinds of muscles, and were significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In 300 mg/(kg x d) group the number of survival worms in diaphragmatic muscle, jugomaxillary muscle, pectoral muscle and gastrocnemius muscle [8.6 +/- 1.7, 2.8 +/- 0.7, 3.9 +/- 0.8, and 0, respectively] were significantly lower than that of the control group [3648.1 +/- 989.2, 1266.4 +/- 812.3, 701.9 +/- 196.4, and 711.6 +/- 34.6] (P < 0.01). All encapsulated larvae in the four kinds of muscle died in 350 and 400 mg/(kg x d) groups. With the increase of TBD dosage, the mortality of encapsulated larvae increased in the muscles, reached up to 98.6%--100% in 300 m (kg x d) group (P < 0.01), and 100% in 350 and 400 mg/(kg x d) groups (P < .01). CONCLUSION: Oral tribendimidine administered at 50 mg/(kg x d) to mice for 6 d is unable to reduce worm burden in muscle. Tribendimidine 300 mg/(kg x d) effectively kill encapsulated larvae and is a suitable dose against encapsulated larva stage. However, tribendimidine at doses of 350 mg/(kg x d) and above for 6d is toxic to mice and even causing death.

Renal Behcet's disease: a report of one case, with literature review / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical features of renal involvement associated with Behcet's disease (BD) through 1 case and to make a review of the literature in order to early diagnose and cure in time,thus decrease misdiagnosis and mistreatment.Methods This is a retrospective study.The case was diagnosed with BD and the renal damage was confirmed by renal biopsy.The clinical features and histology features were analyzed.Results The presentation of renal disease was edema,proteinuria and microscopic hematuria.The clinical spectrum of renal BD showed a wide variation.Amyloidosis (AA type),GN (nephritis),and microscopic vascular disease were the main causes of renal BD.Patients with vascular involvement had a high risk of amyloidosis and amyloidosis was the most common cause of renal failure in BD.Conclusion Kidney is one of the organs that can alter the prognosis of the BD,so the screening for renal damage must be done for each patient with this disease.Routine urine analysis and measurement of serum creatinine level are needed for early diagnosis of renal BD.Immunosuppressive drugs can be useful in selected cases.

Immunohistochemical study of tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in the lungs and small intestines in hyperthermia-LPS co-stressed rats / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of co-exposure to hyperthermia and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression in the lungs and small intestines of rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male pathogen-free Wistar rats were randomly assigned into saline-injected normothermic control (C), saline heat exposure (H), LPS normothermic control (L), and LPS plus heat exposure (HL) groups. The rats in H and HL groups were exposed in a chamber at an ambient dry bulb temperature (Tdb) of 35.0-/+0.5 degrees celsius;, and those in C and L groups to 26-/+0.5 degrees celsius;. In L and HL groups, the rats were given an intravenous injection of LPS 10 mg/kg via the tail vein to induce endotoxemia, and those in C and H group received 10 ml/kg injection. The plasma levels of sTNFrI and sTNFrII were detected at different time points using ELISA. The expression of TNF-alpha in the lungs and small intestines was detected by immunohistochemical SABC method, and the damage of the lungs and small intestines evaluated histologically 120 min after the treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Co-exposure to hyperthermia and LPS caused significantly enhanced expressions of TNF-alpha and its receptor sTNFrI and sTNFrII in the plasma and tissues and obvious histopathological damage in the lung and small intestines.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Co-stress of hyperthermia and LPS-induced toxicity is associated with the expression of TNF-alpha in the lung and small intestines.</p>