Brain oxidative stress mediates anxiety-like behavior induced by indomethacin in zebrafish: protective effect of alpha-tocopherol.

RATIONALE: Indomethacin (INDO) is a widely utilized non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with recognized effect on the central nervous system. Although previous reports demonstrate that prolonged treatment with indomethacin can lead to behavioral alterations such as anxiety disorder, the biochemical effect exerted by this drug on the brain are not fully understood. OBJECTIVES: The aim of present study was to evaluate if anxiety-like behavior elicited by indomethacin is mediated by brains oxidative stress as well as if alpha-tocopherol, a potent antioxidant, is able to prevent the behavioral and biochemical alterations induced by indomethacin treatment. METHODS: Zebrafish were utilized as experimental model and subdivided into control, INDO 1 mg/Kg, INDO 2 mg/Kg, INDO 3 g/Kg, α-TP 2 mg/Kg, α-TP 2 mg/Kg + INDO 1 mg/Kg and α-TP + INDO 2 mg/Kg groups. Vertical distributions elicited by novelty and brain oxidative stress were utilized to determinate behavioral and biochemical alterations elicited by indomethacin treatment, respectively. RESULTS: Our results showed that treatment with indomethacin 3 mg/kg induces animal death. No changes in animal survival were observed in animals treated with lower doses of indomethacin. Indomethacin induced significant anxiogenic-like behavior as well as intense oxidative stress in zebrafish brain. Treatment with alpha-tocopherol was able to prevent anxiety-like behavior and brain oxidative stress induced by indomethacin. CONCLUSIONS: Data presented in current study demonstrated for the first time that indomethacin induces anxiety-like behavior mediated by brain oxidative stress in zebrafish as well as that pre-treatment with alpha-tocopherol is able to prevent these collateral effects.

Effect of cardiovascular biofeedback on nursing staff stress: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: to assess the effect of cardiovascular biofeedback on nursing staff stress when compared to an activity without self-monitoring. METHOD: a randomized controlled clinical trial, carried out with nursing professionals from a university hospital. The intervention group (n=58) performed cardiovascular biofeedback, and the control (n=57) performed an online puzzle without self-monitoring, totaling nine meetings over three weeks. The outcome was assessed using the Stress Symptoms and Work-Related Stress scales, and the biological marker heart rate variability. The generalized estimating equations method was used. RESULTS: the intervention had no effect on self-reported instruments (p>0.050). However, there was an effect of time (p<0.050) on all heart rate variability indicators, demonstrating changes over the sessions. CONCLUSION: cardiovascular biofeedback showed promising results in the biological marker, suggesting that it can be used in nursing staff as a complementary therapy by promoting better autonomic nervous system regulation.

Zoonotic Parasites in Artiodactyls with Emphasis on the Feral Boar in the Atlantic Forest, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to identify the species of artiodactyl host related to the fecal matter collected in a forest area in Rio de Janeiro state and carry out a parasitological investigation. METHODS: Artiodactyl feces were collected between 2020 and 2021. The fecal samples were examined to identify the host through macroscopic and molecular analysis. The remaining samples were subjected to a fecal parasite analysis using microscopic techniques, and feces containing cysts of the phylum Ciliophora underwent a molecular analysis. RESULTS: Of the 101 samples collected, 71.3% were found in Pavão Valley, the most anthropized area of the park. In the molecular analysis, 79 samples were identified as belonging to Sus scrofa and 2 as Mazama gouazoubira. The most frequently detected forms were cysts of the phylum Ciliophora (39.6%), followed by eggs of Ascaris spp. (11.8%) and Metastrongylus spp. (5.9%). Nucleotide sequences of Balantioides coli were characterized in 26 samples, and in 13 samples variants of type B0 and in 11 type A0 were identified. CONCLUSIONS: It should be noted that this is the first study in the Americas that has identified B. coli in free-living S. scrofa feces, citing this bioinvader as one of the reservoirs of this parasite.

Professional quality of life and occupational stress in nursing workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the levels of professional quality of life and the occupational stress in nursing professionals. METHOD: Cross sectional study conducted between April and August 2020, with nursing professionals working in inpatient units for clinical and surgical patients of a large hospital. The Work Stress Scale and the Professional Quality of Life Scale were applied. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 150 professionals, with a mean age of 43 ± 8.89 years, being 84.7% (127) female. The mean of the work stress scale was 1.9 (± 0.71), a moderate level of stress. It was found that compassion satisfaction had a median of 50.3 (9.1 - 64.6), burnout of 48.5 (32.2 - 84.8) and post-traumatic stress disorder of 47.1 (38.6 - 98.3). CONCLUSION: Stress at work and Compassion Fatigue were identified in the sample, especially in secondary-level professionals, demonstrating the need to implement strategies to reduce psycho-emotional harm in these professionals.

Levels of Anxiety and Stress Experienced by Nurses in Inpatient Units / Níveis de ansiedade e de estresse no trabalho da enfermagem em unidades de internação / Niveles de ansiedad y de estrés en el trabajo de enfermería en unidades de hospitalización

Objective: To assess state-trait anxiety levels and their correlation with occupational stress and socio-biographical and occupational factors in nursing professionals. Materials and Methods: This quantitative, cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted in the inpatient units of a university hospital in southern Brazil, with the participation of 162 nursing professionals. For data collection, socio-biographical and occupational forms, the Stress-Symptom Scale, the Workplace Stress Scale, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were used. The data were analyzed based on descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Nursing professionals have moderate levels of state-trait anxiety. There is a positive correlation between state-trait anxiety scores, stress scores, and stress dimensions (rho = 0.811, p < 0.001). "Trait" anxiety is associated with years of experience in nursing (PR 0.97) and psychic-mental health follow-up (PR 1.97). "State" anxiety is associated with sex (PR 0.54), education (PR 2.26), and hours of sleep (PR 0.92). Conclusions: "State" anxiety is associated with sex, age, higher education level, and psychic-mental health follow-up; however, years of experience in nursing and hours of sleep were found to be protective factors.

Objetivo: avaliar os níveis de ansiedade traço-estado e sua correlação com o estresse ocupacional e com os fatores sociobiográficos e ocupacionais nos profissionais de enfermagem. Materiais e método: estudo quantitativo, transversal analítico, realizado nas unidades de internação de um hospital universitário do sul do Brasil, com a participação de 162 profissionais de enfermagem. Para a coleta de dados, utilizaram-se formulário sociobiográfico e ocupacional, Escala de Sintomas de Estresse, Escala de Estresse no Trabalho e Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado. Os dados foram analisados com base na estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: os profissionais de enfermagem apresentam níveis moderados de ansiedade traço-estado. Existe uma correlação positiva entre os escores de ansiedade traço-estado, os escores de estresse e as dimensões do estresse (rho = 0,811, p < 0,001). A ansiedade "traço" mostrou-se associada aos anos de experiência na enfermagem (RP 0,97) e ao acompanhamento para saúde psíquico-mental (RP 1,97). A ansiedade "estado" também mostrou associação com o sexo (RP 0,54), a escolaridade (RP 2,26) e as horas de sono (RP 0,92). Conclusões: a ansiedade "estado" mostrou-se associada ao sexo, à idade, ao nível de escolaridade superior, ao acompanhamento para a saúde psíquico-mental; no entanto, os anos de experiência na enfermagem e as horas de sono comportaram-se como um fator protetor.

Objetivo: evaluar los niveles de ansiedad estado-rasgo y su correlación con el estrés ocupacional y los factores sociobiográfico y ocupacional en profesionales de enfermería. Materiales y método: estudio cuantitativo, analítico y transversal realizado en las unidades de hospitalización de un hospital universitario del sur de Brasil, con la participación de 162 profesionales de enfermería. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizó un formulario sociobiográfico y ocupacional, la Escala de Síntomas de Estrés, la Escala de Estrés Laboral y el Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo. Los datos se analizaron con base en la estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: los profesionales de enfermería presentan niveles moderados de ansiedad estado-rasgo. Existe una correlación positiva entre las puntuaciones de ansiedad estado-rasgo, las puntuaciones de estrés y las dimensiones de estrés (rho = 0,811, p < 0,001). La ansiedad "rasgo" se asoció con los años de experiencia en enfermería (RP 0,97) y el seguimiento de la salud psíquico-mental (RP 1,97). Por otra parte, la ansiedad "estado" se asoció con el sexo (RP 0,54), la educación (RP 2,26) y las horas de sueño (RP 0,92). Conclusiones: la ansiedad "estado" se asoció con el sexo, la edad, el nivel educativo superior y el seguimiento de la salud psíquico-mental; sin embargo, los años de experiencia en enfermería y las horas de sueño actuaron como factor protector.

Effect of cardiovascular biofeedback on nursing staff stress: a randomized controlled clinical trial / Efecto del biofeedback cardiovascular sobre el estrés del personal de enfermería: un ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado / Efeito do biofeedback cardiovascular no estresse da equipe de enfermagem: ensaio clínico controlado aleatório

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the effect of cardiovascular biofeedback on nursing staff stress when compared to an activity without self-monitoring. Method: a randomized controlled clinical trial, carried out with nursing professionals from a university hospital. The intervention group (n=58) performed cardiovascular biofeedback, and the control (n=57) performed an online puzzle without self-monitoring, totaling nine meetings over three weeks. The outcome was assessed using the Stress Symptoms and Work-Related Stress scales, and the biological marker heart rate variability. The generalized estimating equations method was used. Results: the intervention had no effect on self-reported instruments (p>0.050). However, there was an effect of time (p<0.050) on all heart rate variability indicators, demonstrating changes over the sessions. Conclusion: cardiovascular biofeedback showed promising results in the biological marker, suggesting that it can be used in nursing staff as a complementary therapy by promoting better autonomic nervous system regulation.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar el efecto del biofeedback cardiovascular sobre el estrés del equipo de enfermería cuando se compara con una actividad sin autocontrol. Método: ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado, realizado con profesionales de enfermería de un hospital universitario. El grupo de intervención (n=58) realizó biorretroalimentación cardiovascular, y el control (n=57) realizó un rompecabezas en línea sin autocontrol, totalizando nueve reuniones durante tres semanas. El resultado se evaluó mediante las escalas Síntomas de Estrés y Estrés en el Trabajo, y el marcador biológico de variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca. Se analizó utilizando el método Generalizado de Ecuaciones de Estimación. Resultados: la intervención no tuvo efecto en los instrumentos autoinformados (p>0,050). Sin embargo, hubo un efecto del tiempo (p<0,050) en todos los indicadores de variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca, demostrando cambios a lo largo de las sesiones. Conclusión: el biofeedback cardiovascular mostró resultados promisorios en el marcador biológico, sugiriendo que puede ser utilizado en el equipo de enfermería como terapia complementaria al promover una mejor regulación del Sistema Nervioso Autonómico.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o efeito do biofeedback cardiovascular no estresse da equipe de enfermagem quando comparado a uma atividade sem automonitoramento. Método: ensaio clínico controlado aleatório, realizado com profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital universitário. O grupo intervenção (n=58) realizou biofeedback cardiovascular, e o controle (n=57) fez um quebra-cabeça online sem automonitoramento, totalizando nove encontros durante três semanas. O desfecho foi avaliado pelas escalas Sintomas de Estresse e Estresse no Trabalho, e pelo marcador biológico variabilidade da frequência cardíaca. Utilizou-se com o método Equações de Estimativas Generalizadas. Resultados: a intervenção não apresentou efeito nos instrumentos autorreferidos (p>0,050). Entretanto, houve efeito de tempo (p<0,050) em todos os indicadores da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca, demonstrando modificação ao longo das sessões. Conclusão: o biofeedback cardiovascular apresentou resultados promissores no marcador biológico, sugerindo que poderá ser utilizado na equipe de enfermagem como terapia complementar por promover melhor regulação do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo.

Evaluation of five parasitological techniques for diagnosing phylum Ciliophora cysts in fecal samples from free-living wild artiodactyls / Avaliação de cinco técnicas parasitológicas para o diagnóstico de cistos do filo Ciliophora em amostras fecais de artiodáctilos silvestres em vida livre

A variety of laboratory techniques are used in parasitological diagnosis. However, studies that analyze their laboratory efficiency are very scarce, especially with regard to biological samples from wild animals that are little known, with little popular attachment, such as artiodactyls. These can be infected by different parasites, including protozoa of the phylum Ciliophora, which includes the parasites Balantioides coli and Buxtonella sulcata. In this light, the aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of five coproparasitological techniques for diagnosing protozoan cysts of the phylum Ciliophora in the feces of free-living artiodactyls. To this end, 101 fecal samples were collected from trails in Pedra Selada State Park, Rio de Janeiro state, from 2020 to 2021. All the samples were analyzed using the qualitative techniques of modified Sheather floatation, modified Ritchie sedimentation and Lutz, as well as the quantitative techniques of Mini-FLOTAC and McMaster. Cyst recovery was best achieved using the modified Ritchie technique, in which 62.5% positivity was detected, followed by Lutz (47.5%), modified Sheather (37.5%) and the quantitative techniques of Mini-FLOTAC (30%) and McMaster (17.5%). In most of the comparisons between the techniques, reasonable agreement regarding the diagnosis was observed (Kappa 0.21 to 0.40), which was statistically significant (p≤0.05). McMaster showed higher mean and standard deviation values for counts of cysts per gram of feces than Mini-FLOTAC. However, there was no significant difference in the estimates for cyst counts (Wilcoxon p>0.05). Sedimentation qualitative techniques were more indicated for diagnosing cysts of protozoa of the phylum Ciliophora in the feces of free-living wild artiodactyls. These techniques can therefore be used as laboratory tools for environmental parasite monitoring. In addition, between the two quantitative techniques, Mini-FLOTAC presented better performance, thus showing its potential as a tool for estimating the abundance of cystic forms of the phylum Ciliophora in environmental samples.

Diversas são as técnicas laboratoriais utilizadas no diagnóstico parasitológico. No entanto, estudos que analisam a eficiência laboratorial das mesmas são muito escassos, principalmente quando se trata de amostras biológicas de animais silvestres, que possuem pouca divulgação e apego popular, como os artiodáctilos. Estes podem se infectar por diferentes parasitos, incluindo os protozoários do Filo Ciliophora, no qual se inclui Balantioides coli, bem como Buxtonella sulcata. Mediante o exposto, este estudo objetivou comparar a eficiência entre cinco técnicas coproparasitológicas para o diagnóstico de cistos de protozoário do Filo Ciliophora em fezes de artiodáctilos em vida livre. Entre 2020 e 2021 foram coletadas 101 amostras fecais em trilhas do Parque Estadual da Pedra Selada localizado no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Todas as amostras foram analisadas pelas técnicas qualitativas de flutuação de Sheather modificada, sedimentação de Ritchie modificada e Lutz, bem como por meio das técnicas quantitativas de Mini-FLOTAC e McMaster. Pode-se verificar uma superioridade na recuperação dos cistos por meio da técnica de Ritchie modificada, no qual foi detectado 62,5% de positividade, seguida pelo Lutz (47,5%), Sheather modificada (37,5%) e pelas técnicas quantitativas de Mini-FLOTAC (30%) e McMaster (17,5%). Na maioria das comparações entre as técnicas foi possível verificar uma concordância razoável (Kappa 0,21 a 0,40) em relação ao diagnóstico entre as mesmas, sendo este estatisticamente significativo (p≤0,05). McMaster em comparação com o Mini-FLOTAC foi a que apresentou os maiores valores médio e de desvio padrão na contagem dos cistos por grama de fezes. No entanto, não foi evidenciado diferença significativa na estimativa de contagem dos cistos (Wilcoxon=p>0,05). Pode-se verificar que as técnicas qualitativas de sedimentação foram consideradas as mais indicadas para o diagnóstico de cistos do protozoário do Filo Ciliophora em fezes de artiodáctilos silvestres em vida livre, podendo ser utilizadas como ferramentas laboratoriais de monitoramento parasitário ambiental. Além disso, dentre as técnicas quantitativas, o Mini-FLOTAC foi a que apresentou a melhor performance, denotando o seu potencial como uma ferramenta para se estimar a abundância de formas císticas do Filo Ciliophora em amostra ambiental.

Professional quality of life and occupational stress in nursing workers during the COVID-19 pandemic / Calidad de vida profesional y estrés ocupacional en trabajadores de enfermería durante la pandemia del COVID-19 / Qualidade de vida profissional e estresse ocupacional em trabalhadores de enfermagem durante pandemia por COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the levels of professional quality of life and the occupational stress in nursing professionals. Method: Cross sectional study conducted between April and August 2020, with nursing professionals working in inpatient units for clinical and surgical patients of a large hospital. The Work Stress Scale and the Professional Quality of Life Scale were applied. Results: The sample consisted of 150 professionals, with a mean age of 43 ± 8.89 years, being 84.7% (127) female. The mean of the work stress scale was 1.9 (± 0.71), a moderate level of stress. It was found that compassion satisfaction had a median of 50.3 (9.1 - 64.6), burnout of 48.5 (32.2 - 84.8) and post-traumatic stress disorder of 47.1 (38.6 - 98.3). Conclusion: Stress at work and Compassion Fatigue were identified in the sample, especially in secondary-level professionals, demonstrating the need to implement strategies to reduce psycho-emotional harm in these professionals.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar los niveles de calidad de vida profesional y estrés laboral en los profesionales de enfermería. Método: Estudio transversal realizado entre abril y agosto de 2020, con profesionales de enfermería que laboran en unidades de internación para pacientes clínicos y quirúrgicos de un gran hospital. Se aplicó la Escala de Estrés Laboral y la Escala de Calidad de Vida Profesional. Resultados: La muestra estuvo formada por 150 profesionales, con una edad media de 43 ± 8,89 años, siendo el 84,7% (127) mujeres. El promedio de la escala de estrés en el trabajo fue de 1,9 (± 0,71), un nivel de estrés moderado. Se encontró que la satisfacción a través de la compasión tuvo una mediana de 50,3 (9,1 - 64,6), el agotamiento de 48,5 (32,2 - 84,8) y el trastorno de estrés postraumático de 47,1 (38,6 - 98,3). Conclusión: En la muestra se identificaron estrés en el trabajo y fatiga por compasión, especialmente en profesionales de nivel medio, lo que demuestra la necesidad de implementar estrategias para reducir el daño psicoemocional en estos profesionales.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar os níveis de qualidade de vida profissional e o estresse ocupacional em profissionais da enfermagem. Método: Estudo transversal realizado entre abril e agosto de 2020, com profissionais da enfermagem atuantes em unidades de internação para pacientes clínicos e cirúrgicos de um hospital de grande porte. Os instrumentos utilizados foram a Escala de Estresse no Trabalho e Escala de Qualidade de Vida Profissional. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 150 profissionais, com média de idade de 43 ± 8,89 anos, sendo 84,7% (127) do sexo feminino. A média da escala de estresse no trabalho foi 1,9 (± 0,71), nível moderado de estresse. Verificou-se que satisfação por compaixão apresentou mediana de 50,3 (9,1 - 64,6), burnout de 48,5 (32,2 - 84,8) e estresse pós-traumático de 47,1 (38,6 - 98,3). Conclusão: Identificou-se estresse no trabalho e Fadiga por Compaixão na amostra, principalmente nos profissionais de nível médio, demonstrando a necessidade de implementar estratégias para a redução do dano psicoemocional nestes profissionais.

Efeito do biofeedback no coping da equipe de enfermagem: ensaio clínico randomizado / Efecto del biofeedback en el coping del equipo de enfermería: ensayo clínico aleatorizado / Effect of biofeedback on nursing team coping: a randomized clinical trial

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o efeito do Biofeedback cardiovascular sobre os níveis de coping dos profissionais da enfermagem de um hospital universitário, quando comparado com uma atividade informatizada sem automonitoramento. Métodos Ensaio clínico randomizado, com dois grupos, Biofeedback e placebo, realizado com 115 profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital universitário. Os grupos participaram de nove encontros por três semanas. O desfecho foi avaliado pelo Inventário de Respostas de Coping no Trabalho, versão brasileira, aplicado prévio a primeira sessão e imediatamente após a sessão final. A análise do desfecho foi feita pela ANCOVA , considerando α = 5%. Resultados A variação das Respostas de Enfrentamento apresentou efeito estatisticamente significativo, o grupo controle apresentou aumento de 0,17 pontos nesta variação quando comparado ao grupo intervenção ( h 2 = 0,07; p=0,004). A variação das Respostas de Evitação e do Nível Geral de Coping não evidenciou efeito estatisticamente significativo na interação grupo/tempo (respectivamente, p=0,471 e p=0,786). Conclusão A intervenção com Biofeedback cardiovascular demonstrou não ter efeito superior ao placebo na melhora dos níveis de coping .

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar el efecto del Biofeedback cardiovascular sobre los niveles de coping de los profesionales de enfermería de un hospital universitario, en comparación con una actividad informatizada sin automonitoreo. Métodos Ensayo clínico aleatorizado, con dos grupos, Biofeedback y placebo, realizado con 115 profesionales de enfermería de un hospital universitario. Los grupos participaron en nueve encuentros durante tres semanas. El desenlace fue evaluado por el Inventario de Respuestas de Coping en el Trabajo, versión brasileña, aplicado antes de la primera sesión e inmediatamente después de la sesión final. El análisis del desenlace se realizó por ANCOVA , considerando α = 5 %. Resultados La variación en las Respuestas de Afrontamiento presentó un efecto estadísticamente significativo. El grupo control presentó un aumento de 0,17 puntos en esta variación al compararlo con el grupo experimental ( h 2 = 0,07; p=0,004). La variación de las Respuestas de Evitación y del Nivel General de Coping no evidenció un efecto estadísticamente significativo en la interacción grupo/tiempo (respectivamente, p=0,471 y p=0,786). Conclusión La intervención con Biofeedback cardiovascular demostró que no tiene efecto superior al del placebo en la mejora en los niveles de coping .Registro do Clinical Trial: NCT04446689

Abstract Objective To assess the effect of cardiovascular biofeedback on coping levels of nursing professionals at a university hospital, when compared with a computerized activity without self-monitoring. Methods This is a randomized clinical trial, with two groups, biofeedback and placebo, carried out with 115 nursing professionals from a university hospital. The groups participated in nine meetings for three weeks. The outcome was assessed by Coping Responses Inventory, Brazilian version, applied prior to the first session and immediately after the final session. The outcome analysis was performed by ANCOVA, considering α = 5%. Results The Coping Responses variation had a statistically significant effect. The control group showed an increase of 0.17 points in this variation when compared to the intervention group (h 2 = 0.07; p=0.004). The Avoidance Responses variation and Overall Coping Level did not show a statistically significant effect on the group/time interaction (p=0.471 and p=0.786, respectively). Conclusion Intervention with cardiovascular biofeedback was shown to have no superior effect than placebo in improving coping levels.Clinical Trial Record: NCT04446689

5-HT2C agonists and antagonists block different components of behavioral responses to potential, distal, and proximal threat in zebrafish.

Serotonin (5-HT) receptors have been implicated in responses to aversive stimuli in mammals and fish, but its precise role is still unknown. Moreover, since at least seven families of 5-HT receptors exist in vertebrates, the role of specific receptors is still debated. Aversive stimuli can be classified as indicators of proximal, distal, or potential threat, initiating responses that are appropriate for each of these threat levels. Responses to potential threat usually involve cautious exploration and increased alertness, while responses to distal and proximal threat involve a fight-flight-freeze reaction. We exposed adult zebrafish to a conspecific alarm substance (CAS) and observed behavior during (distal threat) and after (potential threat) exposure, and treated with the 5-HT2C receptor agonists MK-212 or WAY-161503 or with the antagonist RS-102221. The agonists blocked CAS-elicited defensive behavior (distal threat), but not post-exposure increases in defensive behavior (potential threat), suggesting inhibition of responses to distal threat. MK-212 blocked changes in freezing elicited by acute restraint stress, a model of proximal threat, while RS-102221 blocked changes in geotaxis elicited this stressor. We also found that RS-102221, a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist, produced small effect on behavior during and after exposure to CAS. Preprint: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.04.324202; Data and scripts: https://github.com/lanec-unifesspa/5-HT-CAS/tree/master/data/5HT2C.

Balantidiasis in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Balantioides coli is a protozoan that infects different hosts species, including humans, with zoonotic transmission. The parasite, which lives in the large intestine and in other organs, can lead to serious infections that may culminate in death. Information about human balantidiasis is generally still very scanty. In view of the above, the purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of human balantidiasis based on a systematic review and meta-analysis. The scientific articles were retrieved from various databases and were subjected to descriptive analyses, chi-squared tests, and summarized on a forest plot and the heterogeneity index (I2). A total of 103 articles were eligible and included in this review. Out of these 103 articles, 75 were clinical case reports and 28 were epidemiological studies, indicating a frequency of 997 (3.98%) people potentially infected with B. coli. The publication dates of the analyzed articles ranged from 1910 to 2020, but the majority (68.9%) were published between 1998 and 2020. A considerable number of these articles were published in South America and Asia, mostly in Brazil and India, respectively. However, in Africa, Ethiopia, was observed the higher number of infected people (47.5%). A significant association (p < 0.05) was identified between proximity to pigs and positivity for B. coli, since more than 16% infected people were in proximity with pigs and/or their excreta. Infection by the protozoan was classified mainly as intestinal, and the predominant symptom was dysentery. Extraintestinal infections were found in 27 individuals, with colonization of the genitourinary tract frequently highlighted. Direct examination (17.2%), followed by an association of direct examination and sedimentation (45.7%), were the most commonly performed parasitological techniques, and the most frequently diagnosed form was trophozoites, corresponding to 22.5% of cases. The most common treatment for parasitized individuals (11.8%) was an association of tetracycline drugs with nitroimidazole derivatives. The articles retrieved, mainly epidemiological ones, used in meta-analysis showed high heterogeneity (I2> 50%, p < 0.05), impairing the retrieval and comparison of results. Some articles were found to provide incomplete information, making it difficult to retrieve and analyze variables. However, this review enabled us to compile and restate factors that appear to be associated with cases of human balantidiasis.

Risks of occupational illnesses among health workers providing care to patients with COVID-19: an integrative review.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze evidence concerning the risks of occupational illnesses to which health workers providing care to patients infected with COVID-19 are exposed. METHOD: integrative literature review conducted in the following online databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed), Web of Science (WoS), Excerpta Medica Data-Base (EMBASE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Scopus (Elsevier). Original articles published between November 2019 and June 2020, regardless of the language written, were included. A descriptive analysis according to two categories is presented. RESULTS: the sample is composed of 19 scientific papers. Most were cross-sectional studies with an evidence level 2C (n=17, 90%) written in English (n=16, 84%). The primary thematic axes were risk of contamination and risk of psycho-emotional illness arising from the delivery of care to patients infected with COVID-19. CONCLUSION: the review presents the potential effects of providing care to patients with COVID-19 on the health of workers. It also reveals the importance of interventions focused on the most prevalent occupational risks during the pandemic. The studies' level of evidence suggests a need for studies with more robust designs.

Alimentação de pós-larvas de teleósteos e sua importância na produção em cativeiro / Feeding of teleost larvae and their importance in captive production

A alimentação de pós-larvas de peixes é um dos momentos mais difíceis da produção em cativeiro, pois os animais iniciam uma alimentação exógena e apresentam um sistema digestório pouco desenvolvido. Com isso, é sugerida a oferta de alimento vivo (plâncton), uma vez que são fonte de nutrientes essenciais e também porque é comprovado o aumento das taxas de sobrevivência e crescimento para algumas espécies de pós-larvas de peixes. Os plânctons mais ofertados são os náuplios de Artemia nauplii, copepod e rotifers. Objetivou-se descrever os entraves que envolvem a nutrição de larvas de peixes, desde o momento em que o animal abre a boca, e os tipos de alimentos ideais para o seu melhor crescimento e sobrevivência.

Feeding fish post-larvae is one of the most difficult moments of production in captivity, as animals start an exogenous diet and have a poorly developed digestive system. Thus, the supply of live food (plankton) is suggested, since they are a source of essential nutrients and also because it has been proven to increase survival and growth rates for some species of fish post-larvae. The most frequently offered plankton are the Artemia nauplii, copepod and rotifers. The objective was to describe the obstacles that involve the nutrition of fish larvae, from the moment the animal opens its mouth, and the ideal types of feed for its best growth and survival.

Alimentação de pós-larvas de teleósteos e sua importância na produção em cativeiro / Feeding of teleost larvae and their importance in captive production

A alimentação de pós-larvas de peixes é um dos momentos mais difíceis da produção em cativeiro, pois os animais iniciam uma alimentação exógena e apresentam um sistema digestório pouco desenvolvido. Com isso, é sugerida a oferta de alimento vivo (plâncton), uma vez que são fonte de nutrientes essenciais e também porque é comprovado o aumento das taxas de sobrevivência e crescimento para algumas espécies de pós-larvas de peixes. Os plânctons mais ofertados são os náuplios de Artemia nauplii, copepod e rotifers. Objetivou-se descrever os entraves que envolvem a nutrição de larvas de peixes, desde o momento em que o animal abre a boca, e os tipos de alimentos ideais para o seu melhor crescimento e sobrevivência.(AU)

Feeding fish post-larvae is one of the most difficult moments of production in captivity, as animals start an exogenous diet and have a poorly developed digestive system. Thus, the supply of live food (plankton) is suggested, since they are a source of essential nutrients and also because it has been proven to increase survival and growth rates for some species of fish post-larvae. The most frequently offered plankton are the Artemia nauplii, copepod and rotifers. The objective was to describe the obstacles that involve the nutrition of fish larvae, from the moment the animal opens its mouth, and the ideal types of feed for its best growth and survival.(AU)

Risks of occupational illnesses among health workers providing care to patients with COVID-19: an integrative review / Riscos de adoecimento ocupacional em profissionais da saúde que atendem pacientes com COVID-19: revisão integrativa / Riesgos de enfermedad ocupacional en profesionales de la salud que atienden pacientes con COVID-19: revisión integradora

Objective: to analyze evidence concerning the risks of occupational illnesses to which health workers providing care to patients infected with COVID-19 are exposed. Method: integrative literature review conducted in the following online databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed), Web of Science (WoS), Excerpta Medica Data-Base (EMBASE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Scopus (Elsevier). Original articles published between November 2019 and June 2020, regardless of the language written, were included. A descriptive analysis according to two categories is presented. Results: the sample is composed of 19 scientific papers. Most were cross-sectional studies with an evidence level 2C (n=17, 90%) written in English (n=16, 84%). The primary thematic axes were risk of contamination and risk of psycho-emotional illness arising from the delivery of care to patients infected with COVID-19. Conclusion: the review presents the potential effects of providing care to patients with COVID-19 on the health of workers. It also reveals the importance of interventions focused on the most prevalent occupational risks during the pandemic. The studies' level of evidence suggests a need for studies with more robust designs.

Objetivo: analisar as evidências sobre os riscos de adoecimento ocupacional aos quais estão expostos os profissionais de saúde que cuidam de pacientes acometidos pela COVID-19. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura realizada por meio de busca on-line nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed), Web of Science (WoS), Excerpta Medica Data-base (EMBASE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) e Scopus (Elsevier). Incluíram-se artigos originais, publicados entre novembro de 2019 e junho de 2020, sem restrições de idioma. A análise descritiva dos resultados é apresentada em duas categorias. Resultados: a amostra constituiu-se de 19 produções científicas com predomínio da língua inglesa (n=16, 84%) e estudos de corte transversal, com nível de evidência 2C (n=17, 90%). Os estudos mostraram, como principais eixos temáticos, o risco de contaminação e o risco de adoecimento psicoemocional no atendimento a pacientes acometidos pela COVID-19. Conclusão: a revisão mostrou os potenciais efeitos sobre a saúde dos profissionais durante o atendimento de pacientes acometidos pela COVID-19. Evidenciou-se a importância da implementação de estratégias de intervenção focadas nos riscos ocupacionais mais prevalentes durante a pandemia. O nível de evidência dos estudos sugere a necessidade de desenvolvimento de pesquisas com delineamentos mais robustos.

Objetivo: analizar las evidencias sobre los riesgos de enfermedad ocupacional a los cuales están expuestos los profesionales de la salud que cuidan de pacientes afectados por la COVID-19. Método: revisión integradora de la literatura realizada a través de búsqueda online en las bases de datos Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed), Web of Science (WoS), Excerpta Medica Data-base (EMBASE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) y Scopus (Elsevier). Fueron incluidos artículos originales, publicados entre noviembre de 2019 y junio de 2020, sin restricciones de idioma. El análisis descriptivo de los resultados se presenta en dos categorías. Resultados: la muestra fue constituida por 19 producciones científicas con predominio del idioma inglés (n=16, 84%) y estudios de corte transversal con nivel de evidencia 2C (n=17, 90%). Los estudios mostraron como principales ejes temáticos el riesgo de contaminación y riesgo de enfermedad psicoemocional, en la atención a pacientes afectados por COVID-19. Conclusión: la revisión mostró los potenciales efectos sobre la salud de los profesionales durante la atención de pacientes afectados por COVID-19. Se evidenció la importancia de implementar estrategias de intervención, enfocadas en los riesgos ocupacionales más prevalentes durante la pandemia. El nivel de evidencia de los estudios sugiere la necesidad de desarrollar investigaciones con delineamientos más robustos.

Avaliação da qualidade de vida profissional e estresse ocupacional em trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital durante pandemia por COVID-19 / Assessment of the quality of professional life and occupational stress in nursing workers at a hospital during a COVID-19 pandemic

Introdução: O profissional de enfermagem trabalha com pessoas, saudáveis e doentes, em ambientes de alta, média e baixa complexidade. Dessa forma, esse profissional está sujeito a reagir ao contato com esses pacientes e familiares, podendo experimentar sentimentos de compaixão que podem ou não afetar sua qualidade de vida profissional. O profissional de enfermagem tem de lidar, também, com os colegas, chefias, ambiente e recursos no trabalho, que podem gerar estresse ocupacional nesses indivíduos. Além disso, atualmente o Brasil e o mundo passam por uma nova realidade na sociedade e no ambiente hospitalar devido à pandemia por COVID-19, que se originou na China. Objetivo: Identificar os níveis de qualidade de vida profissional e o estresse ocupacional em profissionais da enfermagem de unidades de internação. Metodologia: Estudo quantitativo transversal e aninhado no projeto de pesquisa "Efeito do biofeedback no estresse, ansiedade e qualidade de vida profissional nas equipes de enfermagem em um hospital universitário: ensaio clínico randomizado". A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em unidades de internação para pacientes clínicos e cirúrgicos de um hospital de grande porte, com atendimento ao Sistema Único de Saúde. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre abril e agosto de 2020, através do preenchimento de questionários autoaplicáveis: questionário sociodemográfico e de informações sobre saúde, escala de estresse no trabalho e qualidade de vida profissional. O tamanho amostral foi calculado por meio do programa Winpepi com poder de 80%, nível de significância de 5%, resultando em 150 sujeitos. A amostragem foi aleatória, estratificada de acordo com o número de profissionais, com distribuição de dois técnicos ou auxiliares de enfermagem para cada enfermeiro pesquisado. Os dados foram analisados no pacote estatístico SPSS, versão 25, foram utilizados testes não paramétricos. Este projeto foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa sob Certificado de Apresentação de Apreciação Ética 23346619000005327. Resultados: A amostra incluiu 127 (84,7%) profissionais do sexo feminino com média de idade de 43 anos (± 8,89). Quanto às categorias, 33,3% (50) eram enfermeiros e 66,7% (100) eram técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem. Na escala de estresse no trabalho, verificou-se que a média total dos escores foi de 1,9 (± 0,71), sendo considerada como nível moderado de estresse. As faixas de idade "menor de 30 anos" e "maior de 60 anos" não apresentaram escores de altos níveis de estresse. Observando separadamente as subescalas de qualidade de vida profissional, verificou-se que satisfação por compaixão (SC) teve mediana de 50,3 (9,1 ­ 64,6), burnout (BO) de 48,5 (32,2 ­ 84,8) e estresse pós-traumático (ETS) de 47,1 (38,6 ­ 98,3). Todos os escores encontrados são considerados como moderados. Entre as subescalas, observou-se que a satisfação por compaixão apresentou correlação inversa e moderada na subescala de burnout (ρ = -0,416; p = 0,000), sendo que na de estresse traumático secundário foi inversa e fraca (ρ = -0,272; p< 0,001). A correlação entre as duas subescalas da fadiga por compaixão foi positiva e moderada (ρ = 0,464; p = 0,000). Relacionando estresse e qualidade de vida no trabalho, observou-se que, conforme aumentam os níveis de estresse, diminuem os níveis de qualidade de vida profissional. Verificou-se associação significativa entre prática de atividade física e resultados elevados de satisfação por compaixão (X² = 6,397; p = 0,041). Ocorreu também uma tendência de relação (X² = 5,992; p = 0,05) entre fadiga por compaixão e renda familiar inferior a quatro mil e quinhentos reais. Conclusão: Observou-se maior prevalência de estresse ocupacional na categoria de técnicos de enfermagem, bem como maiores níveis de Fadiga por Compaixão.

Introduction: The nursing professional works with people, healthy and sick, in environments of high, medium and low complexity. Thus, this professional is subject to react to contact with these patients and family members, and may experience feelings of compassion that may or may not affect their quality of professional life. The nursing professional also has to deal with colleagues, managers, environment and resources at work, which can generate occupational stress in these individuals. In addition, Brazil and the world are currently experiencing a new reality in society and in the hospital environment due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which originated in China. Objective: To identify the levels of quality of professional life and occupational stress in nursing professionals from inpatient units. Methodology: Quantitative cross-sectional study nested in the research project "Effect of biofeedback on stress, anxiety and quality of professional life in nursing teams at a university hospital: randomized clinical trial". The research was developed in inpatient units for clinical and surgical patients of a large hospital, serving the Unified Health System. Data collection took place between April and August 2020, by completing self-administered questionnaires: sociodemographic questionnaire and information on health, work stress scale and quality of professional life. The sample size was calculated using the Winpepi program with a power of 80%, a significance level of 5%, resulting in 150 subjects. The sample selection was random and categorical, proportional to the number of professionals, with the distribution of two nursing technicians or assistants for each nurse surveyed. The data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical package, version 25. This project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee under the Certificate of Presentation of Ethical Appreciation 2334661900005327. Results: The sample included 127 (84.7%) female professionals with an average age of 43 years (± 8.89). As for the categories, 33.3% (50) were nurses and 66.7% (100) were nursing technicians and assistants. On the work stress scale, it was found that the total average of the scores was 1.9 (± 0.71), being considered as a moderate level of stress. The age groups "under 30 years old" and "over 60 years old" did not show high stress levels. Looking separately at the subscales of quality of professional life, it was found that satisfaction for compassion (SC) has a median of 50.3 (9.1 - 64.6), burnout (BO) of 48.5 (32.2 - 84) , 8) and post-traumatic stress (ETS) of 47.1 (38.6 - 98.3). All scores found are considered as moderate. Among the subscales, it was observed that satisfaction with compassion showed an inverse and moderate correlation with the subscale of burnout (ρ = - 0.416; p = 0.000) and inverse and weak with secondary traumatic stress (ρ = -0.272; p = 0.001) . The correlation between the two subscales of compassion fatigue was positive and moderate (ρ = 0.464; p = 0.000). Relating stress and quality of life at work, it is observed that, as the levels of stress increase, the levels of quality of professional life decrease. There was a significant relationship (X² = 6.397; p = 0.041) between performing physical activity and high results of satisfaction for compassion. There was also a tendency for a relationship (X² = 5.992; p = 0.05) between fatigue due to compassion and family income of less than four and a half thousand reais. Conclusion: There was a higher prevalence of occupational stress in the category of nursing technicians, as well as higher levels of Compassion Fatigue. There was a positive and moderate correlation between compassion fatigue and occupational stress.

Prevalence of oxacillin-susceptible methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and their clonal diversity among patients attending public health-care facilities.

Context: Nosocomial infections arise from many microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus. Aims: The aim of this study is to determine the molecular epidemiology of circulating methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) clones among patients attending community and health-care facilities in Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil. Methods: A total of 1002 nasal swab samples were collected from May 2010 to September 2015. S. aureus isolates were identified through phenotypic tests, submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility tests and genotypic analysis to detect mecA, panton-valentine leucocidin (PVL) genes, SCCmec, SPA and multilocus sequencing typing (MLST) typing. Results: We identified 294 (29.3%) isolates as S. aureus and 91 (9.1%) as MRSA. A total of 17 isolates did not present a correlation between phenotypic and genotypic resistance profiles. Among MRSA isolates, 17 (18.7%) carried PVL genes. A total of 20 different SPA types were determined, being grouped by MLST into eight different sequence types. ST5/t002 was the most prevalent genotype found among these isolates. Conclusions: There is a gradual colonisation shift happening in the infection pattern by S. aureus in Brazil. The Brazilian Epidemic Clone (ST239-SCCmec IIIa-PVL-) seems to be substituted by isolates from different clonal complexes, such as ST5, ST8 and ST30. The non-correlation between phenotypic/genotypic resistance profile observed in some isolates suggests the presence of other methicillin resistance mechanisms different from mecA presence or a difference in the nucleotide sequence, which prevents the primers to identify the specific region during polymerase chain reaction reactions. MRSA identification should be based on phenotypic and genotypic testing to ensure the various types of resistance mechanisms.

Non-invasive sampling in Itatiaia National Park, Brazil: wild mammal parasite detection.

BACKGROUND: Non-invasive sampling through faecal collection is one of the most cost-effective alternatives for monitoring of free-living wild mammals, as it provides information on animal taxonomy as well as the dynamics of the gastrointestinal parasites that potentially infect these animals. In this context, this study aimed to perform an epidemiological survey of gastrointestinal parasites using non-invasive faecal samples from carnivores and artiodactyls identified by stool macroscopy, guard hair morphology and DNA sequencing in Itatiaia National Park. Between 2017 and 2018, faeces from carnivores and artiodactyls were collected along trails in the park. The host species were identified through macroscopic and trichological examinations and molecular biology. To investigate the parasites, the Faust, Lutz and modified Ritchie and Sheather techniques and enzyme immunoassays to detect Cryptosporidium sp. antigens were used. RESULTS: A total of 244 stool samples were collected. The species identified were Chrysocyon brachyurus, Leopardus guttulus, Canis familiaris, Cerdocyon thous, Puma yagouaroundi, Leopardus pardalis, Puma concolor and Sus scrofa. There were 81.1% samples that were positive for parasites distributed mainly in the high part of the park. Helminths, especially eggs of the family Ascarididae, were more frequently detected in carnivore faeces (70.9%). Protozoa, especially Cryptosporidium sp., represented the highest frequency of infection in artiodactyl faeces (87.1%). This zoonotic protozoon was detected in eight mammalian species, including in a wild boar. High values of structural richness and Shannon and Simpson diversity indices were observed for the parasites, especially in the faeces of C. brachyurus. Significant differences in parasite diversity were observed between wild and domestic animals, such as C. brachyurus and C. familiaris, respectively, and between taxonomically distant species, such as C. brachyurus and S. scrofa. The highest values for parasite similarity were found among the species that frequented similar areas of the park, such as C. brachyurus and L. guttulus. CONCLUSIONS: The animals and parasite infections were identified through the combination of three techniques. High frequency parasite structures were diagnosed. Zoonotic protozoa were found and mainly occurred in samples from introduced species.

Quality of life, depressive and minor psychiatrics symptoms in nursing students.

OBJECTIVE: To assess quality of life, prevalence of depressive and minor psychiatric symptoms in Nursing students. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, conducted from March to April 2018, at a federal university. Sample composed of 242 Nursing students, from the 1st to the 8th semester. Data was collected using the quality of life instruments, Beck Depression Inventory and Self-Report Questionnaire. A significance level of 0.05 was considered. RESULTS: The mean age was 22.9 ± 5.1 years. It was found that 25% of the students had severe depressive symptoms and 54% of the students had minor psychiatric disorders, with a higher prevalence in the first semesters. An inverse relationship was observed between the frequency of depressive symptoms and quality of life scores (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: Nursing students showed a high prevalence of depressive symptoms, indicating the importance of implementing actions to promote and prevent mental health.

Oncicola venezuelensis (Marteau, 1977) (Acanthocephala: Oligacanthorhynchidae) in Puma concolor in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Specimens of Oncicola venezuelensis (Marteau, 1977) were recovered from fragments of intestinal tissue of a female Puma concolar (Linn, 1771) found dead in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro in 2017. A total of 140 helminths were recovered. Five males and 5 females of the helminths were analyzed morphologically as well as 50 parasite eggs recovered in intestinal contents. Morphologically, these helminths were compatible with the genus Oncicola, because of the size and shape of the proboscis, the size and disposition of the lemnisci and the morphometry of the eggs, in which the external membrane of the shell was delicate and clear. From histopathology, the helminths were deeply embeded in the mucosa reaching up to the muscle layer. One specimen was also identified molecularly with universal primers that amplified the eukaryote region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2. The helminth showed 99% identity with the gene sequence of O. venezuelensis deposited in GenBank. It is important to emphasize, this parasite has been very little reported in the literature, which reinforces the importance of this report.