Valor nutritivo da cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada com hidróxido de sódio ou óxido de cálcio / Nutritional value of the hydrolyzed sugarcane with sodium hydroxide or calcium oxide

Avaliaram-se o valor nutritivo e a temperatura de estabilidade aeróbia da cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada com hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) ou óxido de cálcio (CaO). Utilizou-se um esquema fatorial 2 × 4, com dois aditivos (NaOH e CaO) e quatro doses (0; 0,75; 1,5 e 2,25 por cento, com base na matéria natural), em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com quatro repetições. O material foi acrescido dos aditivos e armazenado por 24 horas em baldes plásticos com capacidade de 10L. Ambos os aditivos controlaram o aumento da temperatura da cana-de-açúcar, e o NaOH mostrou-se mais eficiente. Os teores de matéria seca e matéria mineral aumentaram linearmente, enquanto os constituintes da parede celular diminuíram com o aumento das doses dos aditivos. Tanto o NaOH quanto o CaO promoveram acréscimo nos valores de digestibilidade da matéria seca da cana-de-açúcar. O NaOH e o CaO melhoram o valor nutritivo da cana-de-açúcar, e o NaOH é mais eficiente.

The nutritional value and the temperature of aerobic stability of the hydrolyzed sugarcane by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or calcium oxide (CaO) were evaluated. The experiment was carried out in factorial arrangment 2×4, two additives (NaOH and CaO) and four doses (0; 0.75; 1.5; and 2.25 percent), in a completely randomized design with four repetitions per treatment. The material, after the addition of the additive, was stored per 24 hours in 10-L plastic pails. Both additives controlled the increase of temperature of sugarcane, but NaOH was more efficient. The dry matter and mineral matter contents lineally increased, while the cell wall contents decreased with the increase of the doses. Either NaOH or CaO promoted increment in values of sugarcane dry matter digestibility. NaOH and CaO improved the nutritional value of the sugarcane and NaOH was more efficient.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A. Study of a family.

INTRODUCTION: Pheochromocytomas (Pheo) can occur sporadically, isolated or in association with other neuroendocrine lesions. In multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN-2A), Pheo is associated to medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or its precursor, C-cell hyperplasia (CCH) and parathyroid hyperplasia. Genetic screening provides early diagnosis and preventive treatment. In order to validate DNA analysis as a reliable method of early identification of gene carriers, we compared the results of genetic screening with clinical, biochemical, imaging and pathological findings in the members of an affected family. POPULATION AND METHODS: The diagnosis of a bilateral necrotic Pheo in a female patient led to the study of a family with four generations, aged 3 to 78 years (mean = 30.3 yrs). The study included a clinical examination; basal and pentagastrin stimulated calcitonin values; urinary catecholamines and their metabolites; serum calcium and a genetic study (direct sequence of PCR products from genomic DNA isolated from leucocytes using specific primers in exon 11 of the RET protooncogene of chromosome 10). The radiologic study, gammagraphic study (131I-MIBG) and magnetic resonance study were performed in members with clinical suspicion of Pheo. RESULTS: Seven out of nine patients had a mutation on codon 634 of exon 11 of RET (TGC-CGC), leading to cysteine arginine substitution in the codified protein; all gene carriers had biochemical markers of MTC/CCH and four of Pheo. The Pheo patients underwent adrenalectomy (bilateral in three) and all the gene carriers underwent prophylactic thyroidectomy. The pathologic findings were: MTC in four (metastasized in one); CCH in three and parathyroid hyperplasia in one. CONCLUSIONS: Phenotypic penetration of RET mutation was 100% for MTC/CCH, but only 57% of the gene carriers had Pheo. Genetic screening allowed early prophylactic treatment in four out of seven patients; pathologic findings revealed several evolutionary stages of the disease. Patients not yet showing Pheo are under close clinical and laboratory surveillance.

[Unusual form of presentation of acute monocytic leukemia. Report of a clinical case that developed endocarditis]. / Forma pouco habitual de apresentação de leucemia monocítica aguda. A propósito de um caso clínico que evoluiu com endocardite.

The authors describe an acute monocytic leukemia (M5) developed in a 16-year-old boy with febril syndrome, aortic valve vegetations, bicytopenia and dismyelopoieses.

[Endocrine arterial hypertension. Primary hyperaldosteronism]. / Hipertensão arterial endócrina. Hiperaldoesteronismo primário.

The authors emphasize some adrenal embryologic features, mainly the cortex and medulla relationships. After brief considerations both on the biosynthesis and physiologic actions of aldosterone, the Primary Hyperaldosteronism physiopathology is described. The clinical, biochemical and anatomic evidences are presented as a basis for both the Syndrome diagnosis and its subtypes. The theoretical and practical aspects of the diagnostic tests are also referred as a basis for the rationale of the medical and surgical therapeutic approach. Some clinical and biochemical similar aspects between the Syndrome of Hyperaldosteronism and Essential Hypertension with low renin, are put forward as a possible physiopathologic link that could eventually contribute for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of Essential Hypertension.