Detection of anti-HCV antibodies and risk factors in a population with access to public healthcare in Mexico.

INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Timely detection and diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) involves identifying the population that is predisposed to treatment and prevention, thus limiting complications and preventing infection. The aim of this study was to analyze and describe risk factors associated with anti-HCV antibody detection in a population with access to public healthcare that participated in a national screening program. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted that utilized data related to rapid tests carried out between September 2021 and October 2022 in 26 of the 32 states of Mexico. Anti-HCV reactive tests were selected, according to age and sex, for analyzing and comparing possible risk factors through descriptive and inferential statistics. The geographic distribution and density of the screening program at the state and municipal levels was analyzed. RESULTS: There were 75,185 anti-HCV antibody detections, 2,052 reactive tests, and mean participant age was 44.3 years (±15.1). Occupation: 32.3% were employees, 19% were housewives, and 18.2% were healthcare workers. Five out of every 10 cases had no indication of risk factors, but there was a 1.4 and 5-times greater likelihood of anti-HCV detection in men with a history of sharps injury or intravenous psychoactive substance use, compared with women. Regarding place of residence, 80% of the reactive tests were concentrated in the State of Mexico, Mexico City, and Guanajuato. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence herein helps determine the population and risk factors that should be focused on in carrying out the HCV microelimination strategy of continuous screening, diagnosis, medical treatment access, and epidemiologic surveillance.

Rol de enfermería en educación para la salud de los menonitas desde el interaccionismo simbólico / The role of nursing in the health education of the Mennonites from the symbolic interactionism approach / O papel da enfermagem na educação para a saúde dos menonitas desde o interacionismo simbólico

Este trabajo deriva de una investigación cualitativa etnográfica cuyo objeto de estudio es la educación para la salud de personas pertenecientes a la cultura menonita, así como la descripción de sus percepciones y creencias acerca del proceso salud-enfermedad. A partir del conocimiento que se obtuvo en el análisis de los datos surge la necesidad de indagar la relación entre los usuarios menonitas y el personal de enfermería en los centros de salud de la comunidad mestiza en Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, México. Objetivo: Develar la importancia de enfermería como agente educador para la salud cuando existe un acercamiento a culturas diferentes a la propia, se considera la interacción enfermera-paciente-familia como núcleo central conforme al modelo enfermero de Joan Riehl Sisca. Método: Estudio con enfoque cualitativo fenomenológico. La recolección de datos fue a través de entrevistas a profundidad a enfermeras y el análisis de los diarios de campo de estudiantes de enfermería en su práctica clínica en el hospital de ginecoobstetricia de la ciudad, generándose categorías que permitieron describir sus percepciones cuando deben atender a pacientes de cultura diferente a la propia. Los criterios de validación se hicieron a través de la triangulación de los datos obtenidos de confiabilidad y confirmabilidad. Resultados: Se presentan los datos analizados a partir de dos categorías: 1) desconocimiento de la cultura menonita, 2) deseo de brindar cuidado holístico. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes y personal de enfermería refieren que cuando logran la comprensión de la cosmovisión menonita obtienen un alto grado de satisfacción por el cuidado que brindan y descubren un sentido de autoeficacia elevado.

This work derives from an ethnographic qualitative research; and its object of study is the health education to persons belonging to the Mennonite culture, as well as these persons' beliefs and perceptions on the health-illness process. From the data analysis, a need surges to explore the relationship between the Mennonite users and the nursing staff at the health centers of the Coloured community in Cuauhtemoc, Chihuahua, México. Objective: To show the importance of nursing as a health education agent for different cultures. The interaction nurse-patient-family as proposed from the Joan Riehl Sisca nursing model is considered as the central core. Method: Study with a phenomenological qualitative focus. Data were obtained by means of in-depth interviews to nurses and the analysis of the field diaries of nursing students in their clinical practice at the gynecology and obstetrics city hospital. The categories found allowed a description of the participants' perceptions about treating patients from a different culture. The validation criteria were conformed by triangulation of the reliability and confirmability data. Results: The analyzed data are shown through two categories: 1) lack of knowledge of the Mennonite culture, and 2) desire to offer holistic care. Conclusions: Students and nursing staff referred that when they achieve an understanding of the Mennonite cosmos-vision, they get a high degree of satisfaction for the offered care, and they discover a sense of high self-efficacy.

Este trabalho procede de uma pesquisa qualitativa etnográfica cujo objeto de estudo é a educação para a saúde de pessoas pertencentes à cultura menonita, bem como a descrição das suas percepções e crenças relativas ao processo de saúde-doença. A partir do conhecimento que se obteve na análise de dados, aparece a necessidade de procurar a relação entre os usuários menonitas e o pessoal de enfermagem nos centros de saúde da comunidade mestiça em Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, México. Objetivo: Revelar a importância da enfermagem como agente educador para a saúde quando existe uma aproximação de culturas diferentes à própria, considera-se a interação enfermeira-paciente-família como núcleo central conforme ao modelo da enfermagem de Joan Riehl Sisca. Método: Estudo com abordagem qualitativa fenomenológica, a coleta de dados se deu através de entrevistas em profundidade com enfermeiras e com a análise dos diários de campo de estudantes de enfermagem na sua prática clínica no hospital de gineco obstetrícia da cidade, produziram-se categorias que permitiram descobrir as percepções sobre quando devem atender aos pacientes de cultura diferente à própria. Os critérios de validação realizaram-se através da triangulação dos dados obtidos de confiabilidade e confirmação. Resultados: Presentam-se os dados analisados a partir de duas categorias: 1) desconhecimento da cultura menonita, 2) desejo de oferecer cuidado holístico. Conclusões: Os estudantes e o pessoal de enfermagem atribuem que no caso de atingir a compreensão da cosmovisão menonita, eles obtêm um alto grau de satisfação pelo cuidado que oferecem e descobrem um sentido de auto-eficácia elevado.

Interspecific interactions between Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Eimeria nieschulzi in the rat.

Interspecific interactions between Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Eimeria nieschulzi were studied by measuring parasite fecundity and patency in rats concurrently infected with both species. Nine groups of five rats each were inoculated with either 4 x 10(3) N. brasiliensis larvae or 2.6 x 10(5) E. nieschulzi sporulated oocysts or both. Groups 1 and 2 served as singly-infected controls. Group 3 rats were infected simultaneously with both parasites. Rats in Groups 4 to 8 were infected first with N. brasiliensis and later with E. nieschulzi on days 3, 4, 8, 9, and 14 PI. Rats in Group 9 were infected with E. nieschulzi and then with N. brasiliensis 2 days later. Patency of N. brasiliensis infections was extended significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) beyond singly-infected controls in all groups with concurrent infections except Group 3, whereas ova production was significantly greater than that in singly-infected controls only when both parasites were administered simultaneously (Group 3). Patency of E. nieschulzi was significantly shorter in Group 7 rats and longer in Group 9 rats compared to that of singly-infected controls. Total oocyst production was unaltered except for Groups 5 and 7 in which there was a significant reduction. These results demonstrate that the endogenous stages of E. nieschulzi increased N. brasiliensis longevity.