RESUMO
The objective of this study was to assess the effects of phosphate solubilizing rhizo-microbes inoculants on nutrient balance, physiological adaptation, growth characteristics, and rhizome yield traits as well as curcuminoids yield at the secondary-rhizome initiation stage of turmeric plants, subsequently subjected to water-deficit (WD) stress. Phosphorus contents in the leaf tissues of Talaromyces aff. macrosporus and Burkholderia sp. (Bruk) inoculated plants peaked at 0.33 and 0.29 mg g-1 DW, respectively, under well-watered (WW) conditions; however, phosphorus contents declined when subjected to WD conditions (p ≤ 0.05). Similarly, potassium and calcium contents reached their maximum values at 5.33 and 3.47 mg g-1 DW, respectively, in Burk inoculated plants under WW conditions, which contributed to sustained rhizome fresh weight even when exposed to WD conditions (p ≤ 0.05). There was an increase in free proline content in T. aff. macrosporus and Burk inoculated plants under WD conditions, which played a crucial role in controlling leaf osmotic potential, thereby stabilizing leaf greenness and maximum quantum yield of PSII. As indicators of drought stress, there were noticeable restrictions in stomatal gas exchange parameters, including net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate, accompanied by an increase in leaf temperature. These changes resulted in reduced total soluble sugar levels. Interestingly, total curcuminoids and curcuminoids yield in Burk inoculated plants under WD conditions were retained, especially in relation to rhizome biomass. Burk inoculation in turmeric plants is recommended as a promising technique as it alleviates water-deficit stress, sustains rhizome biomass, and stabilizes curcuminoids yield. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03922-x.
RESUMO
Paramyrothecium eichhorniae sp. nov. was observed and collected from Chiang Mai and Phetchaburi Provinces, Thailand. This new species is introduced based on morphological and molecular evidence. This fungus is characterized by its production of sporodochium conidiomata with a white setose fringe surrounding an olivaceous green to dark green slimy mass of conidia, penicillately branched conidiophores, and aseptate and cylindrical to ellipsoid conidia. Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU rDNA, ITS rDNA, tef1, rpb2, tub2 and cmdA sequence data using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches placed the fungus in a strongly supported clade with other Paramyrothecium species in Stachybotryaceae (Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes). The descriptions of the species are accompanied by illustrations of morphological features, and a discussion of the related taxa is presented.
RESUMO
The frequent occurrence of mushroom poisoning cases in the wet season in Thailand has long been recognized but has never been quantitatively analyzed. This study aims to analyze mushroom poisoning cases in Thailand between 2003 and 2017 and focused on their association with the rainfall. The results revealed 22,571 cases and 106 deaths in this period. Cases were higher for females than males, adults than children, and agriculturists than people in other occupations. Cases were higher in the northeastern and northern regions than in the central, south, and east regions. There are strong effects of seasonality on mushroom poisoning cases. Over the 15-y period, 17,337 cases occurred in the wet season (May-Sep) compared with 5,234 cases in the dry season (Oct-Apr). The number of monthly poisoning cases were high in men, mature adults, agriculturists, people living in the rural areas and people living in the Northeastern and Northern provinces. Moreover, a strong positive correlation was shown between the number of monthly poisoning cases and the amount of monthly rainfall.
RESUMO
During the rainy season in Thailand, specimens of Phallus chiangmaiensis sp. nov. and P. merulinus were collected from Chiang Mai and Samut Sakhon Provinces, respectively. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU), nuclear ribosomal 5.8S gene including the internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 (ITS), and the protein-coding gene atp6 (mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate [ATP] synthase subunit 6) support the placement of the new species within Phallus. Phallus chiangmaiensis has a well-developed white indusium and campanulated caps with reticulate surfaces. It differs morphologically from the related species, as supported by the phylogenetic data. Phallus merulinus is reported here as a species that was re-encountered in Thailand. The descriptions of the species are accompanied by illustrations of macro- and micro- morphological features, and a discussion of the related taxa is presented.
