Clinical inertia in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus among patients attending selected healthcare institutions in Colombia.

BACKGROUND: The burden of disease of diabetes in Colombia have increased in the last decades. Secondary prevention is crucial for diabetes control. Many patients already treated remain with poor glycemic control and without timely and appropriate treatment intensification. This has been called in the literature as Clinical Inertia. Updated information regarding clinical inertia based on the Colombian diabetes treatment guidelines is needed. OBJECTIVE: To measure the prevalence of clinical inertia in newly diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients in healthcare institutions in Colombia, based on the recommendations of the current official guidelines. METHODS: An observational and retrospective cohort study based on databases of two Health Medical Organizations (HMOs) in Colombia (one from subsidized regimen and one from contributory regimen) was conducted. Descriptive analysis was performed to summarize demographic and clinical information. Chi-square tests were used to assess associations between variables of interest. RESULTS: A total of 616 patients with T2DM (308 for each regimen) were included. Median age was 61 years. Overall clinical inertia was 93.5% (87.0% in contributory regimen and 100% in subsidized regimen). Patients with Hb1Ac ≥ 8% in the subsidized regimen were more likely to receive monotherapy than patients in the contributory regimen (OR 2.33; 95% CI 1.41-3.86). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the prevalence of overall clinical inertia was higher in the subsidized regime than in the contributory regime (100% vs 87%). Great efforts have been made to equalize the coverage between the two systems, but this finding is worrisome with respect to the difference in quality of the health care provided to these two populations. This information may help payers and clinicians to streamline strategies for reducing clinical inertia and improve patient outcomes.

Prevalence and co-prevalence of comorbidities among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus living in Puerto Rico.

This is a descriptive study using healthcare claims data from patients with T2DM from public and private healthcare insurance companies providing services in Puerto Rico in 2013, aimed to estimate the prevalence of comorbidities in this population. Descriptive analyses were performed by sociodemographic, and type of service variables using frequency and percent for categorical data or means (+/-SD) or median (IQR) for continuous variables. Chi-square, Fisher exact or two-sample t-tests were used for comparisons. A total of 3,100,636 claims were identified from 485,866 adult patients with T2DM. Patients older than 65 years represented 48% of the study population. Most patients were women (57%) and had private health insurance (77%). The regions of Metro Area (17%) and Caguas (16%) had the higher number of persons living with T2DM. The overall estimated prevalence of T2DM was 17.4%. The number of claims per patient ranged from 1 to 339. A mean of 6.3 claims (SD±9.99) and a median of 3 claims (Q1 1- Q3 8) per subject were identified. Of the 3,100,636 claims most (74%) were related to the diagnosis of diabetes (59%) and associated to outpatient services (88%). The most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (48%), hyperlipidemia (41%), neuropathy (21%); renal disease (15%), and retinopathy (13%). A high prevalence and co-prevalence of comorbidities and use of healthcare services were identified in patients with T2DM, especially in older adults. Since most comorbidities were due to diabetes-related conditions, this analysis highlights the importance of early diagnosis and adequate management of T2DM patients to avoid preventable burden to the patient and to the healthcare system.

Logro de control metabólico temprano en adultos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en Perú

Objetivo: Estimar la proporción de sujetos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) que alcanzan la meta terapéutica para HbA1C un año después del diagnóstico (control metabólico temprano). Métodos: Revisión retrospectiva de historias clínicas de adultos atendidos en 16 centros médicos distribuidos en nueve ciudades peruanas. Se incluyeron pacientes que recibieron un diagnóstico inicial de DMT2 y tuvieron al menos un año de seguimiento. Se consideraron las metas metabólicas definidas en los estándares ADA 2018. Resultados: Se incluyeron 457 sujetos (53,03% mujeres). Cuando fueron diagnosticados, la edad media fue de 55,75 años (DE ± 12,92), la media de HbA1C fue de 9,10% (DE ± 2,28). Hubo diagnóstico concomitante de hipertensión arterial o de dislipidemia en 27,13% y 52,40%, respectivamente. Al año de seguimiento, 57,76% de los sujetos alcanzó la meta de HbA1C ( 40 mg / dL), 24,31% para HDL-c en mujeres (>50 mg/dL), 48,24% para triglicéridos (<150 mg/dL), y 89,23% para presión arterial (<140/90 mmHg). Conclusiones: En este estudio en condiciones de la vida real, en adultos con DMT2 con un año de seguimiento, el logro de la meta de HbA1C (<7%) se alcanzó en el 58% de los pacientes. Si bien estos resultados son compatibles con los reportados en otros estudios de la región, se evidencia la oportunidad de mejorar el logro temprano de metas con el objetivo de optimizar los resultados a largo plazo.

Aim: To estimate the proportion of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who attain therapeutic goal for HbA1C one year after diagnosis (early metabolic control). Methods: Retrospective review of medical records of adults cared for at 16 centers in nine Peruvian cities. Patients who received an initial diagnosis of T2DM and had at least one year of follow up were included. Metabolic goals were as defined by ADA 2018 standards. Results: 457 subjects were included (53,03% female). At diagnosis, mean age was 55,75 years (SD ± 12.92), mean HbA1C was 9,10% (SD ± 2,28). Concomitant hypertension or dyslipidemia were present in 27,13% and 52,40%, respectively. At one year follow up, 57,76% of subjects attained the goal for HbA1C ( 40 mg/dL), 24,31% for HDL-c in women (>50 mg/dL), 48,24% for triglycerides (<150 mg/dL), and 89,23% for blood pressure (<140/90 mmHg). Conclusions: In this real-life study of adults with T2DM with one year of follow up, metabolic control for HbA1C (<7%) was attained in 58% of subjects. While the results are compatible with those reported in other studies in the region, there is opportunity to further improve early treatment goal attainment to optimize long-term outcomes.

Prevalence of hypoglycemia among a sample of sulfonylurea-treated patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Argentina: The real-life effectiveness and care patterns of diabetes management (RECAP-DM) study / Prevalencia de hipoglucemia en un grupo de pacientes con Diabetes Tipo 2 tratados con Sulfonilureas en Argentina: estudio RECAP-DM en Argentina

Aim: Strict blood glucose control in the treatment of diabetes can sometimes lead to hypoglycemia. The main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of hypoglycemia among patients receiving sulfonylureas alone, or in combination with metformin, for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Argentina. Methods: This is a real life, multi-center, retrospective, and cross-sectional study based on clinical chart reviews including cross-sectional data, and evaluation of patient questionnaires of T2DM patients (>30 years), treated with sulfonylureas alone or in combination with metformin, during a routine clinic visit in 16 medical centers across Argentina. Socio-demographic and clinical parameters were collected from medical records, as well as hypoglycemic events from both the medical records and the patient questionnaires. The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were obtained from medical records as well as a blood test. Results: The study included a total of 397 patients with a mean age of 62.5 years, diagnosed for 9.9 years, and 54.2% male. Mean HbA1c levels were 8.1%, (65mmol/mol) at enrolment, with 36.4% being in control (HbA1c<7%, (53mmol/mol). Patients with HbA1c<7%, (53mmol/mol) were significantly older, diagnosed at older age, and had lower triglyceride levels. Almost 50% reported hypoglycemic episodes that were mostly mild, and with women more likely to report them. The large majority (86%) were on combined metformin and sulfonylureas, most commonly Glibenclamide (48.6%). Patients on combined therapy were significantly younger and more likely to have uncontrolled diabetes. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that out of a sample of 397 patients with T2DM treated with sulfonylureas alone or in combination with metformin in Argentina, around 50% of them reported symptoms of hypoglycemia induced by sulfonylureas, and one third of them achieved target HbA1c<7% levels

Objetivo: El control estricto de la glucemia en el tratamiento de la diabetes puede provocar hipoglucemia. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de hipoglucemia en pacientes que reciben sulfonilureas (SU) solas o en combinación con metformina para el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 en Argentina. Métodos: Este es un estudio multicéntrico, retrospectivo y transversal de la vida real basado en la revisión de historias clínicas que incluyen datos transversales y evaluación de cuestionarios de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (>30 años) tratados con SU solas o en combinación con metformina, durante una consulta de rutina en 16 centros médicos en toda Argentina. Se recogieron los parámetros sociodemográficos y clínicos de los registros médicos y los eventos hipoglucémicos de los registros médicos y los cuestionarios de los pacientes. Los niveles de hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c) se obtuvieron a partir de registros médicos y un análisis de sangre. Resultados: Se incluyeron 397 pacientes. La edad media fue de 62,5 años, con diagnóstico realizado hace 9,9 años y donde el 54,2% de los pacientes fueron varones. Los niveles de HbA1c fueron del 8,1% (65mmol/mol) al momento del enrolamiento y del 36,4% estaban en meta terapéutica (HbA1c<7%, 53mmol/mol). Dichos pacientes tenían una edad avanzada y los niveles de triglicéridos más bajos. Cerca del 50% informó de episodios de hipoglucemia, en su mayoría leves, y las mujeres eran más propensas a informar dichos episodios. El 86% estaban con metformina combinada con SU, más comúnmente glibenclamida (48,6%). Dichos pacientes eran significativamente más jóvenes y más propensos a tener diabetes no controlada. Conclusiones: Este estudio demostró que de una muestra de 397 pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 tratados con SU solas o en combinación con metformina en Argentina, alrededor del 50% de ellos informaron síntomas de hipoglucemia inducida por SU y un tercio de ellos alcanzaron el objetivo HbA1c<7%

Prevalence of hypoglycemia among a sample of sulfonylurea-treated patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Argentina: The real-life effectiveness and care patterns of diabetes management (RECAP-DM) study.

AIM: Strict blood glucose control in the treatment of diabetes can sometimes lead to hypoglycemia. The main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of hypoglycemia among patients receiving sulfonylureas alone, or in combination with metformin, for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Argentina. METHODS: This is a real life, multi-center, retrospective, and cross-sectional study based on clinical chart reviews including cross-sectional data, and evaluation of patient questionnaires of T2DM patients (>30 years), treated with sulfonylureas alone or in combination with metformin, during a routine clinic visit in 16 medical centers across Argentina. Socio-demographic and clinical parameters were collected from medical records, as well as hypoglycemic events from both the medical records and the patient questionnaires. The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were obtained from medical records as well as a blood test. RESULTS: The study included a total of 397 patients with a mean age of 62.5 years, diagnosed for 9.9 years, and 54.2% male. Mean HbA1c levels were 8.1%, (65mmol/mol) at enrolment, with 36.4% being in control (HbA1c<7%, (53mmol/mol). Patients with HbA1c<7%, (53mmol/mol) were significantly older, diagnosed at older age, and had lower triglyceride levels. Almost 50% reported hypoglycemic episodes that were mostly mild, and with women more likely to report them. The large majority (86%) were on combined metformin and sulfonylureas, most commonly Glibenclamide (48.6%). Patients on combined therapy were significantly younger and more likely to have uncontrolled diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that out of a sample of 397 patients with T2DM treated with sulfonylureas alone or in combination with metformin in Argentina, around 50% of them reported symptoms of hypoglycemia induced by sulfonylureas, and one third of them achieved target HbA1c<7% levels.

Terapia hormonal substitutiva en la diabética posmenopáusica: un nuevo enfoque terapéutico / Hormone replacement therapy in the diabetic postmenopausal: an new focussing therapeutics

Se investigan las repercusiones de la terapia hormonal substitutiva (THS), sobre el metabolismo glucídico y lipídico de 75 pacientes posmenopáusicas, con diabetes tipo II, que fueron seguidos trimestralmente durante un año. Las pacientes fueron distribuidas en tres grupos, uno recibió terapia hormonal substitutiva continua con 0,625 mg de estrógenos conjungados, otro recibió la misma dosis combinada con 2,5 mg de acetato de medroxiprogesterona y un grupo control. No se observaron cambios significativos con respecto al grupo control en los niveles de glucosa sérica y hemoglobina glucosilada. Se pudo apreciar mejoría del metabolismo lipídico con disminución del colesterol total y del LDL-C, aumentos significativos del HDL-C y apolipoproteína AI y poca variación en los niveles de triglicérido y VLDL-C. Este trabajo reporta por primera vez, el efecto beneficioso potencial de la THS en la prevención de la enfermedad cardiovascular ateroesclerótica, de la mujer diabética posmenopáusica

Diabetes mellitus y factores de riesgo cardiaovascular: encuesta epidemiológica Parque del Este; 20 de junio 1992 / Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk factors: epidemiologic survey; Parque del Este, june 20 of 1992

La Diabetes Mellitus es la enfermedad metabólica más frecuente. Numerosos estudios epidemiológicos y clínicos han demostrado que se asocian con mayor riesgo de enfermedad coronaria, accidentes cerebrovasculares y enfermedades arterial periférica. En el contexto del Día Mundial de la Diabetes, realizamos una encuesta epidemiológica en el Parque del Este de Caracas, para evaluar la prevalencia y características actuales de los factores de riesgo. Encuestamos 618 personas, 295(47,7%) varones y 323(52,3%) hembras. Detectamos 98 casos (15,8%) de Diabetes. 205 personas (33,7%) con fibras elevadas de tensión arterial. Obesidad en el 60,5%. Hábitos tabáquicos en el 19,2%. La mayoría de las personas encuestadas no realizan ejercicio regularmente. Se detectaron antecedentes de enfermedad cardiovascular en 32 personas (7,6%)

Sindrome nefrotico idiopatico del adulto / Idiophatic nephrotic syndrome of adults

En el presente articulo revisamos la experincia obtenida en la evolucion de dos pacientes adultos a quienes se los diagnostico Sindrome Nefrotico y quienes cumplian con los criterios diagnosticos ( hipoalbuminemia, hiperlipidemia, proteinuria mayor 3 grs/24 hrs), asi como grados variables de hipertension y hematuria. A ambos pacientes se les practico biopsia renal percutanea previo marcaje por ecografia, siendo reportada como Glomerulonefritis Membranosa en ambos casos, asi como positivas para depositos inmunes de IgG. En uno de ellos se observaron datos de cronicidad y siendo precisamente este caso el de mas pobre evolucion, asi como fue este caso el que recibio tratamiento con Esteriodes. En este trabajo preferimos clasificar al Sindrome Nefrotico como " del adulto" dada las diferentes implicaciones terapeuticas y pronosticas con respecto al de los ninos y porque ademas este ultimo sera objeto de proxima publicacion

Intoxicación y efectos producidos por el plomo en los trabajadores de las estaciones de servicio de gasolina, en Maracay, estado Aragua, 1984 / Intoxication and effects in workers of gas stations in Maracay, Aragua, 1984

Se realizó un estudio de los niveles de plomo en sangre y sus repercusiones orgánicas en la población de expendedores de gasolina en las estaciones de servicio de Maracay, Edo. Aragua, como también las diferentes variables que influyen en la contaminación con este metal pesado. La exploración realizada nos afirmó que existe una franca intoxicación en los trabajadores. Notamos que la esfera neurológica es la más afectada y que también influye en la intoxicación variables como tiempo de exposición, hábitos higiénicos, alimenticios y tabáquicos