PREDICTORS OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AMONG ADOLESCENTS ATTENDING SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN BAUCHI METROPOLIS, NORTHEAST NIGERIA.

Introduction: Overweight and obesity are important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of both has continued to rise not only among adults but also among adolescents at an alarming rate worldwide. Adolescent overweight and obesity are becoming challenging, yet under-recognised problems in many developing countries like Nigeria. The aetiology is rather complex; however, some factors have been identified as determinants in different studies worldwide. Objective: The study aimed to determine the predictors of overweight and obesity among adolescents attending secondary schools in the Bauchi metropolis. Methodology: A multistage sampling technique was used to select 300 participants. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. The level of statistical significance at p-values < 0.05. Results: The overall prevalence of overweight was 11.0% and that of obesity was 9.7%, while the prevalence for male and female overweight was 6.0%, 5.3%, and for obesity was 2.0%, and 7.7% respectively. The mean BMI-for-age of the 2 2 participants was 20.9kg/m ±4.79 kg/m . Overweight and obesity were observed to have an independent significant association with female gender (OR 2.339 [95% CI: 1.13-4.86; P= 0.023]), father's occupation (OR 0.396 [95% CI: 0.191-0.823; P= 0.013]), and type of school attended (OR 0.336 [95% CI: 0.159-0.708; P= 0.004]). Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight was higher in males than in females, while the reverse was the case for the prevalence of obesity. Adolescents with self-employed fathers and those who were attending private schools were more likely to develop Overweight and Obesity.

Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee attending two Outpatient Clinics in Jos, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study.

BACKGROUND: It appears particularly suitable to measure healthrelated quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) because the chronic debilitating nature of this disease likely takes a considerable toll on HRQoL. The study aims to assess the health-related quality of life in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis attending the two outpatient clinics. The study also aimed to determine factors affecting the HRQoL in patients with knee OA. METHODS: A facility based, cross sectional descriptive study using the abbreviated World Health Organisation Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) (26-item) questionnaire was carried out in two out-patient (general and orthopaedic) clinics of the University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria over a period of two months. The medical assistants, record staffs and nurses were involved in recruiting the patients while the Family Physicians performed the interview. RESULTS: A total of 120 participants were recruited. The mean age was 58.41±13.03 years and the majority of the respondents were female, constituting 102 (85%) of the participants. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 30.83±7.12 kg/m2 and more than half of the participants were obese. The most common associated chronic disease was hypertension, reported by 93(77.5%). A majority, 86(72%) of the respondents reported their overall QoL and General Health (GH) as poor or fair and all the domains (physical, psychological, social relationships, and environmental) of the QoL were low. QoL scores were relatively low for domain due to psychological health and environment with that of psychological health being more severely affected. Epilepsy was found to affect QoL in patients with knee OA (p= 0.022). There was no significant effect of age, sex, educational status, employment status, marital status, and family income on QoL. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that patients with knee OA attending the outpatient clinics in JUTH, Jos have relatively poor HRQoL with the domain due to psychological health being more severely affected.

CONTEXTE: Il semble particulièrement approprié de mesurer la qualité de vie liée à la santé (QVLS) chez les patients souffrant d'arthrose du genou, car la nature chronique et débilitante de cette maladie a probablement un impact considérable sur la QVLS. L'étude vise à évaluer la qualité de vie liée à la santé des patients souffrant d'arthrose symptomatique du genou qui fréquentent les deux centres de soins ambulatoires. L'étude vise également à déterminer les facteurs affectant la QVLS chez les patients souffrant d'arthrose du genou. MÉTHODES: Une étude descriptive transversale basée sur l'établissement et utilisant le questionnaire abrégé de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé sur la qualité de vie (WHOQOL-BREF) (26 éléments) a été réalisée dans deux cliniques ambulatoires (générale et orthopédique) de l'hôpital universitaire de Jos, au Nigeria, sur une période de deux mois. Les assistants médicaux, le personnel chargé des dossiers et les infirmières ont participé au recrutement des patients, tandis que les médecins de famille ont mené les entretiens. RÉSULTATS: Au total, 120 participants ont été recrutés. L'âge moyen était de 58,41±13,03 ans et la majorité des répondants étaient des femmes, constituant 102 (85%) des participants. L'indice de masse corporelle (IMC) moyen était de 30,83±7,12 kg/m2 et plus de la moitié des participants étaient obèses. La maladie chronique associée la plus fréquente était l'hypertension, signalée par 93 (77,5 %). Une majorité, 86 (72%) des personnes interrogées ont déclaré que leur qualité de vie globale et leur état de santé général étaient mauvais ou moyens et que tous les domaines (physique, psychologique, relations sociales et environnement) de la qualité de vie étaient faibles. Les scores de qualité de vie étaient relativement bas dans les domaines de la santé psychologique et de l'environnement, la santé psychologique étant plus gravement affectée. On a constaté que l'épilepsie affectait la qualité de vie des patients souffrant d'arthrose du genou (p = 0,022). L'âge, le sexe, le niveau d'éducation, la situation professionnelle, la situation matrimoniale et le revenu familial n'avaient pas d'effet significatif sur la qualité de vie. CONCLUSION: Cette étude a montré que les patients atteints d'arthrose du genou qui fréquentent les services de consultation externe de l'hôpital JUTH de Jos ont une qualité de vie relativement médiocre, le domaine de la santé psychologique étant le plus gravement touché. Mots-clés: Qualité de vie liée à la santé, Arthrose du genou, Questionnaire WHOQOL-BREF, Consultations externes.

Drug resistance profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Jos, Nigeria.

The drug resistance profile of 100 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases in Jos, Nigeria, was investigated between August 2006 and September 2007. Drug susceptibility testing for 50 new, 11 follow-up and 39 unclassified cases of PTB was performed on Löwenstein-Jensen medium by the proportion method, using isoniazid (0.2 microg/ml), rifampicin (40 microg/ml), ethambutol (2 microg/ml) and streptomycin (4 microg/ml). Susceptibility to all four drugs was found in 76, 62 and 55%, and multidrug resistance (combined resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin with or without resistance to any other drug) in 4, 31 and 18% of the new, unclassified and follow-up cases, respectively. Monoresistance was found in 15% of the cases. Nine of the 16 isolates (56%) showing multidrug resistance were resistant to all four drugs. These findings are critical and the risk to public health is high, particularly with an overall multidrug resistance of 16%. We suggest that TB management and control programs in Jos are revised to enhance patient's accessibility to treatment sites, promote patients' adherence to drugs, improve diagnostic practices, regularly assess drug resistance profiles, and undertake contact tracing for patients with multidrug-resistant TB.