[Estimating the anti-inflammatory activity of drugs by changes in the agranulocyte/granulocyte index].

It is suggested to assess the anti-inflammatory activity using the ratio of the sums of agranulocytes and granulocytes. On the model of carrageenan-induced inflammation in the rat limbs, the anti-inflammatory activity of NSAIDs and their combinations with antihypoxants was characterized in terms of limb size, leukogram, and the proposed index of anti-inflammatory activity. A high anti-inflammatory activity was observed for a combination of hypoxen with diclofenac and acetylsalicylic acid and a combination of metaprot with diclofenac.

[Effects of mercazolyl and L-thyroxine on the antiedematous activity of immunotropic preparations during development of toxic brain edema and swelling].

Dysfunction of thyroid gland plays an important role in the pathogenesis of brain edema and swelling. Toxic brain edema and swelling was modeled under condition of hypo- and hyperfunction of thyroid gland. Mercazolyl and L-thyroxine ambiguously influence the development of toxic brain edema and swelling in rats. L-thyroxin (35.7 microg/kg) favors increase in the water content in brain tissue, which can be considered as synergism with the edematous factor and the formation of brain tissue susceptibility to the development of brain edema and swelling. The administration of mercazolyl (5 mg/kg) and L-thyroxin (35.7 microg/kg) with thymogen (10 microg/kg), thymalin (1.2 mg/kg), cycloferon (0.5 mg/kg) results in decreasing brain tissue density as compared to intact animals. Dysfunction of the thyroid gland leads to changes in pharmacodynamics of immune preparations, which results in a decrease of their antiedematous activity.

[Effect of a levopromazine-thymalin combination on the development of toxic edema and swelling in the brain]. / Vliianie kombinatsii levomepromazina i timalina na razvitie toksicheskogo oteka-nabukhaniia golovnogo mozga.

The development of toxic edematous brain swelling in rats is accompanied by disproteinemia of the blood plasma and buildup of the gamma-globulin fraction. The administration of levopromazine (5 mg/kg), thymalin (1.2 mg/kg), or their combination reduces this disorder in the blood protein fractions. The antiedematous effect of the levopromazine--thymalin combination has an additive synergistic interaction.

[Systemic analysis of a material substrate for development of brain edema-swelling]. / Sistemnyi analiz material'nogo substrata formirovaniia oteka-nabukhaniia golovnogo mozga.

The biological system behavior was analysed by physical parameters: moisture content and density of brain tissue in biological modeling of compression brain edema-swelling (BES). The systemic analysis objectively assessed material substrate of the process pathogenetic mechanisms. Main shifts of such mechanisms exists in the intact brain and start to operate in response to the provoking factors. As a result, the system "brain tissue" rapidly and progressively loses its internal reserves. One can permanently trace the ambi-trends in the system by the factors interhemispheric and intrahemispheric "physical parameters".

[The effect of tactivin and levamisole on the development of toxic brain edema-swelling]. / Vliianie taktivina i levamizola na razvitie toksicheskogo oteka-nabukhaniia golovnogo mozga.

Edema-swelling of the brain (ESB) is among the urgent problems of modern medicine. The purpose of the research was the study of the effect of immunotropic agents on formation of the pathologic process. It was demonstrated on a model of toxic ESB that taktivin and levamisole possess antiedemic activity. The effect is dose-dependent and is determined by the structural characteristics of the drugs under study. Unlike taktivin, large doses of levamisole demonstrate synergism with the effect of the edematous factor.

[The effect of thymosin fractions on the development of compression edema-swelling of the brain]. / Vliianie fraktsii timozina na razvitie kompressionnogo oteka-nabukhaniia golovnogo mozga.

The search for pathogenetically drugs for the treatment and prevention of edema-swelling of the brain (ESB) is one of the urgent problems of modern biology and medicine. Immune reactions take part in the development of pathological reactions in ESB formation. The antiedemic action of drugs affecting simultaneously the processes in the nervous and immune systems was studied. Such properties are possessed by regular peptides--thymosin fractions. It was demonstrated on a model that the antiedemic effect of thymic peptides under study was due to the influence of the mediator systems: serotonin and adrenergic. The data obtained allowed the antiedemic mechanism of the effect of thymoptin to be associated with its immunostimulating effect. At the same time, the antiedemic effect of thymalin is not connected directly with the immunostimulating action of the drug.

[Role of vascular and cellular complexes of nerve tissue in the mechanism of anti-edema action of phenothiazine derivatives]. / Rol' sosudistogo i kletochnogo kompleksov nervnoi tkani v mekhanizme protivootechnogo deistviia proizvodnykh fenotiazina.

The stochastic model has been designed enabling elucidation of structural components of the nervous tissue involved in antiedema mechanism of phenotiazine derivatives in conditions of negative effects of edematous factors. The stochastic model helped detection of basic control structures in the tested morphofunctional complexes, provided quantitative assessment of the effects of interrelations of the morphofunctional structures in response to the interfering factors.

[Study of the protective effects of phenothiazine derivatives on a stochastic model of brain compression edema-swelling]. / Issledovanie na stokhasticheskoi modeli kompressionnogo oteka-nabukhaniia golovnogo mozga protektivnogo deistviia proizvodnykh fenotiazina.

Search for pathogenically substantiated drugs to treat and prevent brain edema-swelling (BES) is a topical problem of modern biology and medicine. It is possible to solve this challenging biomedical problem by using a method for devising a stochastic model of the tested process. The developed stochastic model of BES identifies the nerve tissue structural components involving in the anti-edematous mechanism of action of phenothiazine derivatives under the conditions of 7-day brain compression. Analyzing the results of this model application revealed the major governing structures in the morphofunctional complexes under study. The investigations made on the stochastic model yielded a quantitative assessment of the impact of morphofunctional structural relationships under the influence of disturbing factors.

[Protective action of phenothiazine derivatives in toxic edema-- swelling of the rat brain]. / Protektivnoe deistvie proizvodnykh fenotiazina pri toksicheskom oteke--nabukhanii golovnogo mozga u krys.

The mechanism of protective action of phenothiazine derivatives was studied by using a stochastic model of brain edema-swelling, which describes the relationship between various elements of vascular and cellular complexes in the nerve tissue. Each drug was found to have a preferable effect on particular morpho-functional structures: phenothiazine derivatives with a branched dialkylaminoalkyl chain exerted a protective action through the cellular complex and those with an unbranched chain affected through the vascular component of brain tissue. To increase a morphofunctional load on perivascular spaces is common to the agents in their mechanism of action.

[The effect of neuroleptics on blood proteins during development of toxic cerebral edema-brain swelling]. / Vliianie neiroleptikov na sistemu belkov krovi pri formirovanii toksicheskogo oteka-nabukhaniia golovnogo mozga.

Simulation of toxic brain edema-swelling allowed one to analyze the dynamics of blood protein alteration in presence of various neuroleptics. Alterations in blood protein fractions correlated with dynamics of nervous tissue impairments. All the drugs studied exhibited similar antiswelling action involving the gamma-globulin sub-system activation. At the same time, the neuroleptics with activating and depriving effects demonstrated an oppositely directed influence on blood albumins.

[The effect of edematous factors on the blood protein system during development of cerebral edema and swelling]. / Vliianie édematoznykh faktorov na sistemu belkov krovi pri razvitii oteka i nabukhaniia golovnogo mozga.

Initial abnormalities develop in nervous tissue during brain swelling and edema. Toxic and traumatic forms of brain swelling and edema were simulated in rats. The content of total protein as well as albumin and globulin fractions were estimated in blood serum. The alterations in the levels of serum protein fractions in brain swelling and edema were essential in the development of the impairment.

[The effect of the delta sleep-inducing peptide on the development of toxic brain edema-swelling]. / Vliianie peptida, vyzyvaiushchego del'ta-son, na razvitie toksicheskogo oteka-nabukhaniia golovnogo mozga.

Antiedematic effects of the drugs are connected with their action on the mediator systems. DSIP has a wide range of modulatory effects on the brain mediator systems. DSIP antiedematic effect was studied on the toxic brain edema-swelling (BES) model. Physical characteristics of the nervous tissue such as thickness and wetness were used as evaluation criteria. According to the findings, the doses of 75-100 micrograms/kg DSIP were optimal. It is suggested that DSIP effect on BES is multicomponent and rather complicated. Inhibition of serotonin, noradrenaline and histamine systems and activation of GABA-ergic system by DSIP act as a possible antiedematic mechanism.

[Effect of etimizol on the development of cerebral edematous swelling]. / Vliianie étimizola na razvitie oteka-nabukhaniia golovnogo mozga.

It was shown in experiments on rats on models of toxic and traumatic edemas-swellings that etimizol (5 and 1 mg/kg) prevented changes in total content of water and the cerebral tissue density.

[Effect of phenothiazine derivatives on the development of experimental traumatic brain edema]. / Vliianie proizvodnykh fenotiazina na razvitie travmaticheskogo oteka golovnogo mozga v éksperimente.

The effect of levomepromazin, propazin, diprazin and dyphenhydramine on the development of traumatic edema of the brain has been studied. Phenothiazine derivatives with an unbranched dialkylaminoalkyl side chain at the nitrogen atom (propazin) have been found to produce the most remarkable antiedematic action. The drugs that have a branched dialkylaminoalkyl chain (levomepromazin, diprazin) do not return brain water content to normal.