How many procedures are needed to achieve learning curve of Millin simple laparoscopic prostatectomy?

BACKGROUND: Aim of our study was to evaluate learning curve of the Millin simple prostatectomy analyzing three expert laparoscopic surgeons. METHODS: Learning curve of 3 expert laparoscopic surgeons with excellent radical prostatectomy training was evaluated. Surgeon 1 had more than 20 years of experience, while other surgeons had 10 years of experience. The first 45 procedures of the surgeons were considered for analysis. The cumulative sum (CUSUM) technique, one of the methods developed to monitor the performance and quality of the industrial sector, was adopted to analyze learning curves. The variables included to evaluate learning curve of the surgeons were: operative time (OT), hospitalization (HO) and complication rate. RESULTS: Overall 135 patients were included in the analysis. Median age was 68 (64/74), median prostate volume was 83 (75/97), median Qmax 9 mL/s (6/11) and median IPSS=20 (18/22). Complications included: 9/135 (7%) transfusion, 4/135 (3%) Urinary retention, 3/135 (2%) fever, 1/35 (<1%) reintervention and 1/135 (<1%) conversion. Surgeon 1 presented a lower median operative time when compared to surgeon 2 and 3. No significant differences were recorded in terms of hospitalization, blood loss and transfusion rate as well as postoperative outcomes. According to the CUSUM analysis the number of procedures needed to achieve a plateau in surgical time is 10/15 procedures. CONCLUSIONS: According to our results 15 procedures are needed to reach a plateau in surgical time for trained laparoscopic surgeons.

[Scrotum-perineal granular cell tumor in pediatric age: A case report.] / Tumor de células granulares escroto-perineal en edad pediátrica: a propósito de un caso.

OBJECTIVE: Report a case of a scrotum-perinea lGranular Cell Tumor (GCT) in pediatric age. METHODS: To report a case. RESULTS: A 12 years old men with a multiple GCT history, located in both extremities, abdomen and scrotum perineal region. Surgical excision of all lesions and a genetic studyare performed to rule out Noonan syndrome. CONCLUSION: GCT or Abrikossoff tumor is a tumor witha very low incidence, especially in pediatric age. The most frequent form of presentation a solitary nodule and the most common behavior is in the form of a benign tumor. Immunohistochemistryis crucial for its diagnosis, the main characteristicis positivity for the S100 protein. Although scrotal location is very rare, it must be considered in the differential diagnosis of scrotal mass. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice.

OBJETIVO: Exposición de un caso de Tumor de Células Granulares (TCG) escroto-perineal en edad pediátrica.MÉTODOS: Presentación de un caso clínico. RESULTADOS: Se trata de un paciente de 12 años de edad con historia de TCG múltiples, localizados en ambas extremidades, abdomen y región escroto-perineal. Se realiza exéresis quirúrgica de todas las lesiones y se lleva a cabo estudio genético para descartar síndrome de Noonan.CONCLUSIÓN: El TCG o Tumor de Abrikossoff es un tumor con una incidencia muy baja, sobre todo en edad pediátrica. La forma de presentación más frecuente es la de nódulo solitario y el comportamiento más habitual es como tumor benigno. La inmunohistoquímica resulta crucial para su diagnóstico, siendo lo más característico su positividad para la proteína S-100. Aunque la localización escrotal es muy poco frecuente, hay que considerarla en el diagnóstico diferencial de masa escrotal. La exéresis quirúrgica es el tratamiento de elección.

Tumor de células granulares escroto-perineal en edad pediátrica: a propósito de un caso / Pediatric scrotoperineal granular cell tumor: report of a case

Objetivo: Exposición de un caso de Tumorde Células Granulares (TCG) escroto-perineal en edad pediátrica.Métodos: Presentación de un caso clínico.Resultados: Se trata de un paciente de 12 años de edadcon historia de TCG múltiples, localizados en ambas extremidades, abdomen y región escroto-perineal. Se realizaexéresis quirúrgica de todas las lesiones y se lleva a caboestudio genético para descartar síndrome de Noonan.Conclusiones: El TCG o Tumor de Abrikossoff es un tumor con una incidencia muy baja, sobre todo en edad pediátrica. La forma de presentación más frecuente es la denódulo solitario y el comportamiento más habitual es comotumor benigno. La inmunohistoquímica resulta crucial para su diagnóstico, siendo lo más característico su positividadpara la proteína S-100. Aunque la localización escrotal esmuy poco frecuente, hay que considerarla en el diagnóstico diferencial de masa escrotal. La exéresis quirúrgica esel tratamiento de elección.(AU)

Objetive: Report a case of a scrotum-perineal Granular Cell Tumor (GCT) in pediatric age.Methods: To report a case.Results: A 12 years old men with a multiple GCT history,located in both extremities, abdomen and scrotumperinealregion. Surgical excision of all lesions and a genetic studyare performed to rule out Noonan syndrome.Conclusion: GCT or Abrikossoff tumor is a tumor witha very low incidence, especially in pediatric age. The mostfrequent form of presentation a solitary nodule and the mostcommon behavior is in the form of a benign tumor. Immunohistochemistry is crucial for its diagnosis, the main characteristic is positivity for the S100 protein. Although scrotallocation is very rare, it must be considered in the differentialdiagnosis of scrotal mass. Surgical excision is the treatmentof choice.(AU)

Laparoscopic simple prostatectomy vs bipolar plasma enucleation of the prostate in large benign prostatic hyperplasia: a two-center 3-year comparison.

PURPOSE: To compare surgery outcomes and safety of button bipolar enucleation of the prostate vs laparoscopic simple prostatectomy in patients with large prostates (> 80 g) in a two-center cohort study. METHODS: All patients with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic enlargement (Prostate volume > 80 cc) undergoing button bipolar enucleation of the prostate (BTUEP) or laparoscopic simple prostatectomy (LSP) in two centers were enrolled. Data on clinical history, physical examination, urinary symptoms, uroflowmetry and prostate volume were collected at 0, 1, 3 6, 12, 24 and 36 months. Early and long-term complications were recorded. RESULTS: Overall, 296 patients were enrolled. Out of them, 167/296 (56%) performed a LSP and 129/296 (44%) performed a BTUEP. In terms of efficacy both procedures showed durable results at three years with a reintervention rate of 8% in the LSP group and of 5% in the BTUEP group. In terms of safety, BTUEP and LSP presented similar safety profiles with a 9% of transfusion rate and no major complications. CONCLUSION: LSP and BTUEP are safe and effective in treating large-volume adenomas with durable results at three years when performed in experienced centers.