[Postoperative tube feeding of maxillary surgery patients with the high molecular drinking and tube feeding solution Fresubin]. / Postoperative Sondenernährung kieferchirurgischer Patienten mit der hochmolekularen Trink- und Sondennahrung Fresubin flüssig.

41 patients, who underwent maxillo-facial surgery received mostly for 10 days the instant formula diet Fresubin liquid during the postoperative period. The diet was applied via a nasogastric tube. Feeding had to be interrupted in 5 patients (12.5%) due to nausea, vomitus and diarrhoea. The incidence of nausea, diarrhoea and eructuation with short duration was in relation to the days of tube feeding 0.9%. The mean frequency of defacation was 0.7/24 hours. Giving about 25 kcal/kg body weight/day we did not see significant changes of body weight, of the Na, K and Ca serum concentrations or other effects. Caused by operation and anesthesia we found a decrease of the hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin in the serum, and an increase of SGOT and SGPT.

[Postoperative nutrition of maxillary surgery patients with the instant formula diet]. / Postoperative Ernährung kieferchirurgischer Patienten mit gebrauchsfertiger Sondennahrung.

33 patients, who underwent maxillo-facial surgery, were fed with the instant formula diet Nutricomp F via a nasogastric tube for a mean time of 10 days. According to intolerance tube feeding had to be interrupted in 3 patients. Other side effects of nutrition with Nutricomp F were diarrhea (2,9%), nausea (1,2%), vomiting (1,2%) and eructation (1,2%). The mean frequency of defecation was 0,64/day. Glucose content of the blood, water balance, body weight, serum electrolytes, liver enzymes, acid-base-balance and the protein content of the serum did not change significantly. The postoperative increase of urea content in the serum is believed to be independent from formula diet.

[Trials with the native physiological tube-feeding diet Nutro-Drip after maxillofacial operations]. / Erfahrungen mit der nativen physiologischen Sondennahrung Nutro-Drip nach kieferchirurgischen Operationen.

40 patients, who underwent maxillo-facial surgery, were fed with the native physiological diet Nutro-Drip via nasogastric tubes for 10 days. Due to intolerance in 5% of the patients, the nutrition had to be interrupted. The other patients received 1500-2500 ml Nutro-Drip per 24 h (= 1605--2675 kcal = 6780-11300 J). Transient side effects were: diarrhoe 3,8%; nausea 0,8%; eructation and/or heartburn 1,1%; squeezing of the stomach 1,1%. In these patients nutrition with Nutro-Drip was not interrupted. The mean frequency of defecation was 0,81/day. There were no significant changes in body weight, serum electrolytes, water balance, blood sugar, liver enzymes, serum cholesterol, and acid-base balance during the feeding with Nutro-Drip. Immediately after surgery there was a statistically significant decrease in potassium, protein, and albumin levels in the serum with the tendency to normal values during Nutro-Drip feeding. During the postoperative period the urea content of the serum increased continuously without altering creatinin levels in the serum. Nutro-Drip seems to be very suitable for tube-feeding in patients with normal gastro-intestinal tract.

[Postoperative feeding of patients after maxillofacial surgery with the new instant tube-feeding preparation Sokoham]. / Untersuchungen zur postoperativen Ernährung kieferchirurgischer Patienten mit einer neuen Rezeptur der Sondennahrung Sokoham.

25 patients who underwent maxillo-facial surgery were given dayly via a nasogastric tube 1500 ml of the instant diet Sokoham for nutrition during the postoperative period. The calory intake averaged about 2000 kcal (= 10050 kJ) per day. In 2 patients the nutrition with Sokoham caused persistent diarrhea and has to be interrupted. In 4 patients slight diarrhea appeared for 1 to 2 days. The mean frequency of defecation was 0.7 +/- 1/24 hours. Bodyweight, hemoglobin content of the blood, hematocrit blood gases serum levels of creatinin, urea-nitrogen, electrolytes transaminases and albumin and the parameters of acid base balance, glucose and fat metabolism did not change significantly. The results of nutrition with Sokoham are compared with the results of other instant formula diets which were tested under similar conditions.

[The instant formulated parenteral solution Fresubin in the postoperative feeding of patients after maxillofacial surgery]. / Die Sondenfertignahrung Fresubin bei der postoperativen Ernährung kieferchirurgischer Patienten.

21 patients who underwent maxillofacial surgery received daily 6-8 packets of the instant formula diet Fresubin (2,100-2,800 kcal = 8,790-11,720 J). In 1 patient nutrition with Fresubin had to be interrupted due to vomiting. Under nutrition with Fresubin, mean body weight decreased significantly by about 3.5 kg. Serum electrolytes, blood gases, pH, base excess, serum-urea-nitrogen and creatinine, albumin content, serum transaminases, glucose content, hemoglobin and hematocrit did not show any significant change. It was evident that the sodium and potassium content of Fresubin was not high enough to guarantee normal serum values. In 8 of 21 patients potassium had to be substituted parenterally. Concentrations of lipids and triglycerids increased during nutrition with Fresubin and became elevated over normal values without statistic significance.

[Postoperative feeding of patients after maxillofacial surgery with the tube feeding preparation Spontavix]. / Untersuchungen zur postoperativen Ernährung kieferchirurgischer Patienten mit der Sondennahrung Spontavix.

25 patients--19 to 73 years old--who underwent maxillofacial operations, received Spontavix for 10 to 12 days via a nasogastric tube. In 20% of the patients nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and/or abdominal pain occurred and disappeared after finishing nutrition with Spontavix. Mean frequency of defecation was 0.5/patient/24 hours. Body weight, serum electrolytes, blood gases, pH and base excess in the arterial blood, urea-nitrogen, hemoglobin and albumin content of the blood did not change significantly. Lipids in the serum increased insignificantly without leaving normal limits. During nutrition with Spontavix serum transaminases (SGOT, SGPT) showed a statistically significant increase which is believed to be caused by general anesthesia.

[Transcutaneous measurement of PaO2 by the "TCM 1" electrode (author's transl)]. / Die transkutane Sauerstoffdruckmessung mittels "TCM 1".

Arterial oxygen pressures were compared with oxygen pressures measured transcutaneously with the aid of "TCM 1", an apparatus manufactured by Radiometer. At normal oxygen partial pressures the transcutaneously determined values for pO2 ran parallel with those measured intraarterially, but were on average 10.7% lower than the latter. In cases where oxygen partial pressures were above or below normal the figures did not agree. In these conditions, therefore, determinations in the arterial blood cannot be dispensed with. Halothane in concentrations of 0.3-0.5% and nitrous oxide (66%) in the inspired air did not affect the transcutaneous determination of pO2, but the method failed during surgical electrocoagulation.

[Postoperative feeding of patients after maxillofacial surgery with Sokoham--a new parenteral nutritive solution]. / Postoperative Ernährung kieferchirurgischer Patienten mit Sokoham--einer neuen Sondennahrung.

20 patients--15 to 71 years old--, who underwent maxillofacial operations received Sokoham for 10 days via a nasogastric tube. In 0.8% of all applications vomiting occurred. Wound healing and time of hospitalisation were the same as in a control group. Mean frequency of defecation was 0.5/24 hours. Body weight, serum electrolytes, fat content of the blood, blood gases, pH, base deficit, serum transaminases, urea-nitrogen and creatinine in the serum did not change significantly.

Blood gases, acid-base balance, and serum electrolytes following extensive maxillo-facial surgery.

Major maxillo-facial surgery causes arterial hypoxaemia, as well as a depletion of electrolytes serum protein during the postoperative period. Based on the investigations of 25 patients, a repertoire for the study of the postoperative course after major maxillo-facial operations has been offered, and a method for the avoidance of complications suggested.

Diagnostic and therapeutic regime for reducing mortality after resection of tumours in the head and neck.

This paper presents the findings made on the rate of mortality following tumour resections in the head and neck achieved in the Clinic for Maxillo-Facial and Plastic Surgery of the Face, University of Dusseldorf, from 1953 to 1973. The relationship between rate of mortality and improved measures taken before, during and after the operation are also discussed.