Advantages and Limitations in the Evaluation of the Neurological and Functional Deficit in Patients with Spinal Cord Injuries.

(1) Background: Vertebro-medullary trauma (VMT) causes osteo-articular injuries in a varied anatomical lesion associated with multiple clinical manifestations and therapeutic indications. The neurological evaluation of patients who have suffered a spinal cord injury (SCI) is costly in testing the motor and sensory function. To standardize the assessment, several scales are used that measure the neurological deficit in order to guide subsequent treatment according to complete or incomplete SCI. The aim of this study is to identify and present the relevant tools for assessing SCI. (2) Methods: Relevant SCI studies were used for a fact-finding investigation from a rational and critical perspective of this field of research. The relationship between clinical tools and those with a psychosocial component was assessed based on studies reported in the literature. (3) Results: SCI severity scales have been proposed throughout to be able to estimate the functional prognosis of victims of these traumatic events. These tools can be divided into scales for assessing the neurological deficit due to trauma, and functional scales that assess the ability to perform daily activities, self-care, etc. (4) Conclusions: The closest scale to the need for standardization and the most accurate assessment of neurological deficits secondary to SCI is ASIA/IMSOP.

Non-syndromic hypodontia of permanent dentition associated with other dental anomalies in children and adolescents.

Anomalies of permanent dentition, by the frequency of the cases, also correspond to some unanimously recognized problems of public health. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of non-syndromic hypodontia and oligodontia and to identify the types of associated dental anomalies in the permanent dentition of children and adolescents in the NW of Romania. The study was conducted between 2008 and 2015 on a group of 566 children aged between 12-18 years old. Dental agenesis was diagnosed using clinical and radiological criteria. The numbers and types of teeth missing were noted. Third molars were excluded. Hypodontia had a prevalence of 2% in girls and 3.76% in boys (p=0.007), and oligodontia of 0.33% in girls and 0.38% in boys (p=0.367). Unique abnormalities were registered at 1% in girls and 1.5% in boys (p=0.026), those with two associations at 0.67% in girls and 1.5% in boys (p=0.015), and those with triple association at 0.67% in girls and 1.13% in boys (p=0.037). Hypodontia∕oligodontia has been identified in association with other dental abnormalities, such as inclusion, microdontia, and enamel hypomineralization. The most frequent was the association of hypodontia with enamel hypomineralization.