[The place of psychological correction in the process of rehabilitating schizophrenics]. / Mesto psikhologicheskoi korrektsii v protsesse reabilitatsii bol'nykh shizofreniei.

Psychological correction as a well organized system of psychological impacts is one of the main components of the process of social and psychological rehabilitation of mental patients. Psychological correction is particularly important in the organization of rehabilitational work with schizophrenic patients because of disorders of social behaviour typical of such patients. According to the findings of the study on spontaneous adaptation in schizophrenic patients, the following tasks have been set up to optimize social behaviour with the help of psychocorrective methods: the search for intact structures in the emotional-motivational sphere, purposeful formation of social behaviour, and the search for the individual social niche. Psychological correction in patients with slowly progressive schizophrenia is constructed in the form of a diagnostic-corrective complex consisting of experimental-psychological techniques aimed at determining individual psychological characteristics of patients and a wider range of techniques of psychological impact including both individual and group forms of psychological corrective work.

[Comparative analysis of disorders of positive emotions in schizophrenic patients with defect traits and patients with endogenous depression]. / Sravnitel'nyi analiz narusheniia polozhitel'nykh émotsii u bol'nykh shizofreniei s chertami defekta i bol'nykh éndogennymi depressiiami.

The hypothesis concerning a non-homogeneous disorder of the emotional sphere in schizophrenic patients has been experimentally tested. It has been demonstrated that signs of emotional depletion and depression in schizophrenic patients were predominantly expressed in deficiency of positive emotions whereas negative ones were relatively intact. Defect of positive emotions in these patients is manifested in diminution of the accuracy of assessing one's own emotions and emotiogenic situations of a positive nature and in a reduced impact of positive emotions on one's activities. In contrast to schizophrenics, emotion-related changes in patients with endogenic depressions (MDP, cyclothymia) were characterized by a predominant impairment of negative emotions. The results of the study are interpreted as signs of "deficit of positive emotions" specific of schizophrenic patients with emotional defect.

[Neuropsychological approach to the complex study of senile dementia]. / Neiropsikhologicheskii podkhod v kompleksnom izuchenii dementsii pozdnego vozrasta.

Thirty-eight patients with late mentally deteriorating processes were studied. Using a standardized neuropsychological method, the authors have outlined four major variants of neuropsychological syndromes characteristic of damage to definite zones of the brain. Comparison of these data with the results of clinical and computer-aided tomographic examination showed that the neuropsychological approach is an adequate method in the combined study of senile dementia.

[Characteristics of the formation of anomalous thinking in children with schizophrenia]. / Izuchenie osobennostei formirovaniia anomalii myshleniia u detei, bol'nykh shizofreniei.

The traits of age thinking development (formation) were studied by experimental and psychological tests in children aged from 5 to 14 years who were diagnosed as suffering from favorably developing forms of schizophrenia. During all the age periods this group of children showed a deviation in the thinking development, compared to that of the control normal group. The tests detected an abnormal form of thinking not described before which was characterized by typical changes in the interrelationship and dynamics of 2 significant sides of thinking activity. The dysharmony and asynchronism of development were expressed in a drop of the rate and in a specific pattern of forming selectivity of knowledge actualization. On the other hand, it was demonstrated that there was an accelerated development of formal and logical aspects, operational side of thinking. The results obtained allow a new approach to some traits of intellectual activity inschizophrenia and indicate their relation with some personality traits.

[Features of thought formation in schizophrenic children]. / Osobennosti formirovaniia myshleniia u detei, bol'nykh shizofreniei.

The paper deals with problems related to the onthogenetic formation of a special type of the pathological cognitive activity. Such activity was expressed in disturbances of selective actualization of knowledge based on the past experience. Experimental psychological studies were performed in children from 5--14 years of age, with slowly progressive forms of schizophrenia. The data obtained indicate an acceleration (in comparison to normal children of the same age) in the development of thinking operations, demonstrate in a capability to generalize additive signs and relations. The results obtained also suggest that the capability to generalize subject properties hierarchied according to the degree of social priority, is formed by other regularities and is retarded in schizophrenic children in comparison to normal children of the same age.

[Methodologic problems in the relationship between psychiatry and psychology (results of a discussion)]. / O metodologicheskikh problemakh vzaimosviazi psikhiatrii i psikhologii (k itogam diskusii).

The paper discusses the methodological problems of relationship between psychiatry and contiguous disciplines, psychology in particular. The author sums up the results of the discussion that was held on these problems by the journal. The role and place of pathopsychological investigations in the study of the nature of mental diseases, the range of aims of psychopathological services in the solution of theoretical and practical problems of psychiatric practice are discussed.

[Relationship between thinking activity and typologic characteristics of personality (material from a study of schizophrenic patients and their relatives)]. / O sviazi osobennostei myslitel'noi deiatel'nosti s tipologicheskimi kharakteristikami lichnosti (na materiale issledovaniia bolnykh shizofreniei i ikh rodstvennikov).

The paper presents an analysis of relationships between the expressivity of the change in thinking selectivity and premorbid personality characteristics of schizophrenic patients (242 patients) and the types of personality anomalies in the relatives of the probands with schizophrenia (203 patients). The authors reveal correlation of the expressiveness of the above-mentioned thinking anomaly with definite types of personality anomalies (sthenic, hyperthymic and mosaic schizoids). The circle of the marked personality types according to the analyzed indices are limited both from representatives of the normal population and representatives of other personality types ("model", "deficient", cycloids). The obtained data permit to consider the studied thinking anomaly in the system of typological peculiarities of mental activity.