[Proteolytic enzymes in human lymphocytic leukemia cells. I. Activity of dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV, plasminogen activator and cathepsins B and L in cells with different immunologic phenotype]. / Proteoliticheskie fermenty v leikoznykh limfoidnykh kletkakh cheloveka. I. Aktivnost' dipeptidilaminopeptidazy IV, aktivatora plazminogena i katepsinov B i L v kletkakh s raznym immunologicheskim fenotipom.

Immunological and biochemical study of lymphoid cells obtained from 20 patients with various forms of lymphoproliferative disorders has been carried out. It was found that different phenotypes of lymphoid cells at various stages of differentiation have different activity levels of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (DAP IV), plasminogen activator (urokinase type) and cathepsins B + L. The highest proteinase activity values were found in the lysates of just those leukemic T-cells whose phenotypes corresponded to the initial stages of thymic differentiation or to activated T-cells. The 10 times lowered activity was found in the cell phenotypes of mature T-helpers and T-suppressors, and the activity of the both was at virtually the same level. In lymphoid cells of the B-lineage (from pre-B to mature B-lymphocytes) the proteinase activities did not differ essentially: they were 2 to 3 times lower than in the lymphoid progenitors. It was suggested that the regulated activity changes in some proteinases occur during differentiation along the T- or B-pathways. It is likely that the increases in DAP IV and cathepsins B + L activities are associated with the activation of mature lymphoid T- and B-cells. No direct correlation was found between the activity of either proteinase and the expression of any of the surface markers under study.

[The characteristics of the clinical course of lymphosarcomas when using combined therapy including splenectomy]. / Osobennosti klinicheskogo techeniia limfosarkom pri ispol'zovanii kompleksnoi terapii, vkliuchaiushchei splenéktomiiu.

The authors relate the results of a clinico-morpho-instrumental analysis of the clinical course of lymphosarcomas in 38 patients with different morphological patterns of the disease with primary injury to the spleen. The patients received multimodality therapy including splenectomy. It has been established that later the short-term effect of splenectomy permits the implementation of different polychemotherapy programs, favouring a better lymphosarcoma prediction.

[Lymphoid cell glycosidases in various forms of lymphoproliferative disorders]. / Glikozidazy limfoidnykh kletok pri raznykh formakh limfoproliferativnykh zabolevanii.

Activity of 8 glycosidases (6 acid lysosomal and 2 neutral cytosolic enzymes) was estimated in lymphoid cells of 28 patients with different forms of lymphoproliferative disorders: B- and T-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL), Sezary syndrome, hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and B- and T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Activity of these glycosidases was also studied in mononuclear cells and granulocytes of healthy volunteers and in immature myeloid cells of 16 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In lymphoid cells of all the patients studied (except of ALL) the glycosidases activity was decreased as compared with that of normal mononuclear cells and immature myeloid cells. Activity of the majority enzymes studied was higher in T-lymphoid cells of patients with lymphoproliferative disorders as compared with B-cells. The highest glycosidases activity was found in ALL cells and the lowest--in CLL cells of the patients with B-lymphoid cells forms of the disease. Activities of N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase, alpha-D-mannosidase and beta-D-glucuronidase were distinctly dissimilar in cells of the patients with B-CLL, B-NHL and HCL. Estimation of these glycosidases activity in lymphoid cells may be of importance in differential diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorders.

[Protein kinase activity in lymphoid cells in various forms of lymphoproliferative disorders]. / Aktivnost' proteinaz v limfoidnykh kletkakh pri raznykh formakh limfoproliferativnykh zabolevanii.

Activities of dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase IV, urokinase-like plasminogen activator, cathepsins B and L were studied in lymphoid cells of patients with various forms of lymphoproliferative disorders. Activity of the enzymes studied was found in all the T- and B-cell, although rate and ratio of the enzymatic activity were dissimilar in various cell types. The highest rate of activity exhibited cells at early stages of maturation obtained from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, while low level of the proteinase activity was detected in cells of patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia and Sezary disease, corresponding to mature T- and B-subpopulations. As shown by analysis of the cells immunological phenotype and their proteolytic activity, the rate of lymphoid cells differentiation correlated with level of proteinases activity. Series of proteinases were firstly studied in human malignant lymphoid cells with known phenotype. The enzyme assay may be used in diagnosis and treatment of patients with lymphoproliferative disorders.

[Glycosidase activity in phenotypically different pathologic lymphoid cells, found at various stages of differentiation]. / Aktivnost' glikozidaz v fenotipicheski razlichnykh patologicheskikh limfoidnykh kletkakh, nakhodiashchikhsiia na raznykh stadiiakh differentsirovki.

The activities of seven glycosidases (six lysosomal and one cytosolic) were determined in B- and T-lymphoid cells differing by immunological phenotypes and occurring at various differentiation stages. The cells were isolated from the circulating blood, bone marrow or spleens of patients with various forms of lymphoproliferative disorders. The glycosidase activities varied significantly depending on the phenotype. The highest activity of all glycosidases was observed in cells with a common lymphoid cell progenitor phenotype. In cells having the phenotype of mature T- and B-cells the glycosidase activities were comparatively low. The changes in all glycosidase activities depending on the phenotype and differentiation stage usually occurred in the same direction; however, the degree of elevation or decline of activities of individual glycosidases was different. The activities of N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase and alpha-D-mannosidase changed dramatically, whereas the changes in the activity of cytosolic neutral alpha-D-glucosidase were less apparent. These data suggest that lysosomal glycosidases play specific roles in lymphoid cell differentiation.

[The characteristics of the clinical course of lymphosarcomas in conformity with the morphological variants of the WHO and Working Formulation classifications]. / Osobennosti klinicheskogo techeniia limfosarkom v sootvetstvii s morfologicheskimi variantami klassifikatsii VOZ i rabochei formulirovki.

Histological and cytological preparations of the lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow and other tumors from 140 patients with different variants of lymphosarcomas were subjected to a comparative clinicomorphological analysis. The data obtained were correlated to the WHO classification and the working formulation of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas intended for clinical use. It has been found desirable that the working formulation may be used for predicting the disease course and elaboration of the programs of lymphosarcoma treatment.

[Therapeutic effectiveness of the Russian drug reaferon in hairy cell leukemia]. / Lechebnaia éffektivnost' otechestvennogo reaferona pri volosato- kletochnom leikoze.

The results of the clinical trial of Soviet reaferon in 16 patients with hairy-cell leukemia have been presented. Clinicohematological effect of the drug has been ascertained in 62% of the cases. It has been established that the agent is well-tolerated and produces a good antitumor effect. Doses and regimens of the drug administration to hairy-cell leukemia patients have been developed.

[Dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-IV in lymphocytes of patients with lymphoproliferative diseases]. / Dipeptidilaminopeptidaza-IV v limfotsitakh bol'nykh limfoproliferativnymi zabolevaniiami.

DAP-IV activity (Gly-Pro-MCA hydrolysis, pH 7.8) was found in lysates of peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with T- and B-cell forms of malignant lymphoproliferative diseases. The highest DAP-IV activity was seen in the cells of patients with a rare variant of T-cell lymphocytic leukemia (T-CLL); these cells expressed simultaneously the antigens of T helpers and T suppressors (Th and Ts) (OKT4+ and OKT8+). The DAP-IV activity about ten times less was found in the pathological cells with a phenotype of mature Th (Sezary disease), as well as in the cells expressing antigens of both Ts and natural killers (a rare variant of T-CLL). The same activity was also found in Ts (T gamma-lymphocytosis). The data obtained show that the differences in DAP-IV expression are connected with the differentiation step rather than with the belonging to a particular subpopulation of T-cells. DAP-IV activity, which was somewhat lower than that of T-cells, was found in B-lymphocytes of patients with B-CLL, hair-cellular leukemia, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. No correlation of DAP-IV activity with the level of E-cellular differentiation was observed.

[Chemoradiation treatment of patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in stages I to II of the disease]. / Khimioluchevoe lechenie bol'nykh s agressivnymi nekhodzhkinskimi limfomami v I--II stadiiakh zabolevaniia.

Altogether 91 patients underwent treatment. Polychemotherapy (COP, ACOP) and radiotherapy were provided to 43 patients. Of these, 26 patients were irradiated locally and 17 were subjected to extensive radiation. Radiotherapy was given to 48 patients. Of these, 36 patients were subjected to irradiation of the local lesions whereas 12 underwent extensive radiation. Complete remissions were attained in 81 and 75% of the patients, respectively. The 5-year survival amounted to 65 and 34% (p less than 0.05), the 5-year survival without any relapses to 55 and 25% (p less than 0.01). In the IA stage, the 5-year survival was 89 and 44% (p less than 0.05) and the 5-year survival without relapses 63 and 13% (p less than 0.05). In the IIA stage, a statistically significant increase of the 5-year survival was also reached. No material differences could be seen in the results of the treatment depending on the scope of radiation. Drug + radiation treatment turned out most effective for the local stages of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

[Diagnosis of reactive lymphadenopathies and the stage of lymphosarcoma leukemization using the simplest methods of immunologic phenotyping]. / Diagnostika reaktivnykh limfadenopatii i stadii leikemizatsii limfosarkom s ispol'zovaniem naibolee prostykh metodov immunologicheskogo fenotipirovaniia.

The authors have summarized the research data on lymphoid cells of the lymph nodes and peripheral blood of normal donors, patients with hematological nonlymphoproliferative diseases, reactive lymphadenopathies and malignant lymphoproliferative diseases (Hodgkin's disease, chronic lympholeukemia and lymphosarcomas). The data indicate that the use of the panel of the simplest tests of immunological phenotyping provides in many cases sufficient information for differential diagnosis of reactive lymphadenopathies and malignant lymphoproliferative diseases as well as for diagnosing the early stage of lymphosarcoma leukemization.