Increasing the efficiency of dental disease prevention in children of younger school age through participation in a stomatological performance.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To study the awareness of children and their parents in the prevention of dental diseases and to propose educational measures to increase it. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: To achieve the goal of the study, a survey of 628 children, aged 7-11 years, younger schoolchildren of Poltava and 479 of their parents was conducted using the previously developed "Dental Questionnaire for Children and Parents". The questionnaire was based on the main indicators of the dental health of children and adolescents in accordance with the EGOHID II project (2008) and the WHO dental questionnaire (2013), and it took into account the proposals of dental organizations that regulate the assessment of oral health in children. Based on the results of the survey, a script for oral hygiene lesson for junior schoolchildren was developed using theatrical and game elements. RESULTS: Results: The results of the conducted research indicate the low sanitary and hygienic awareness of parents, the paternalism of their thinking, which leads to the lack of control over the hygiene of the oral cavity of children. In order to solve this problem, a scenario of informational explanatory conversation was created with the involvement of modern methods of communication and intern doctors who have acquired relevant knowledge and communication skills. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Informing of children about the prevention of dental diseases in the form of a dental performance is a relevant sanitary and educational event that motivates children to observe the rules of oral hygiene.

Epidemiology of dental caries in internally displaced children during wartime in Ukraine.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To conduct a comprehensive analysis of the oral health status of this vulnerable population in order to collect objective data that will contribute to the development of effective strategies for maintaining and improving oral health in wartime conditions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Material and Methods: This epidemiological study was carried out within the initial 6 months of the full-scale invasion of the country. The oral health indices of 1050 internally displaced children, aged 3 to 17 years, seeking dental care at the Municipal Children Dental Clinic in Poltava, were analyzed. RESULTS: Results: The total sample comprised 620 children aged 6-11 years (mean = 8.5, SD = 0.76), with a gender distribution of 52% boys and 48% girls. The participants were divided into three age groups: Group I (6-7 years), Group II (8-9 years), and Group III (10-11 years). The average prevalence of dental caries, as measured by the dmft + DMFT index, was 76.5%, with prevalence increasing with age. Specifically, the prevalence of dental caries based on the dmft index was lower in children of Group III (66.6%) compared to Group I (79.49%). CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The analysis of the oral status among internally displaced children aged 6-11 years revealed higher dental caries prevalence and intensity compared to local children. Notably, children aged 6-7 years showed a high rate of caries in temporary teeth.

Determination of dysbiosis by the method of multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction in chronic catarrhal gingivitis in children.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the microbiota of dento-gingival plaque in children to improve the quality of treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: It was examined 16 children aged 9-16 years with a diagnosis of K05.1: chronic gingivitis and 10 persons with intact gums were taken as a comparison group. A clinical dental examination was performed on the study participants and a sample was taken to determine the bacteria in the periodontal plaque. RESULTS: Results: The results of statistical processing of the research data allowed us to establish that in patients with chronic gingivitis, quantitative indicators of the total bacterial mass, Lactobacillus spp., Enterobacteriaceae, Gardnerella vaginalis/Prevotella bivia/Porphyromonas spp. in the sample of periodontal plaque significantly exceeded the indicators of healthy patients. It was determined that the examined children with chronic gingivitis, the total number of Lactobacillus spp. significantly exceeds its amount in people with intact gums. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The changes in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the main representatives of the microf i lm of dento-gingival plaque, which characterize dysbiosis, are of signif i cant clinical signif i cance. Study of the quantitative characteristics of Lactobacterium spp., Enterobacterium spp., Streptococcacea spp., Gardnerella spp., Prevotella spp., Porphyromonas spp., Eubacteridacea spp., Mycoplasma (hominis + genitalium), Candida spp. is a diagnostic factor in determining the condition of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity.

CYTOLOGIC CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CELLULAR COMPOSITION OF THE GUM MUCOUS MEMBRANE IN SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To establish the characteristics of the gingival mucosa cellular composition in school-age children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: We made a dental and cytological examination on 150 Ukrainian (Poltava city) children aged 6, 12, and 15 years. Smears were got by scraping from the gum mucosa and stained with a May-Grunwald solution. Cytograms were made by using a Biorex-3 BM-500T microscope with a DCM-900 digital microphotographic attachment. The programs were adapted for these types of studies. We used a magnification of 1000. The t-test for paired samples was used to compare values. The difference was considered statistically significant at P<0.05. RESULTS: Results: The number of superficial epitheliocytes in children aged 12 and 15 was significantly higher than in 6-year-olds but did not differ from each other. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The process of physiological keratinization of the cells of the gingival mucosa in schoolchildren is diverse and keratinization occurs both due to the phenomenon of physiological necrosis, namely, apoptosis of surface cells and due to orthokeratosis. From the age of 6, the average number of surface cells in cytograms decreases, while the number of intermediate and dead keratinized cells increases up to 12 years and remains on the previous level in children of 15 years.

AFFECTION ON CARIES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS OF TEMPORARY TEETH OF CHILDREN IN A REGION WITH EXCESS FLUORINE CONTENT IN DRINKING WATER.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the indicators of caries and its complications in the temporary teeth of children who permanently live in a region with a high fluoride content in drinking water. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: It was examined with the definition of caries and its complications 277 children in the age range from 2 to 13 years, who were born and permanently live in the urban-type settlement of Mashivka. The fluoride content in the drinking water of the settlement was 1.7-2.5 mg/l. RESULTS: Results: During the analysis of data from the survey of children who were born and permanently lived in the urban-type settlement of Mashivka, it was determined that the prevalence of caries of temporary teeth probably increases with age. Half of the 3-5-year-old children had caries-affected teeth, and temporary tooth caries reached the highest rates in 10-year-old children. It should be noted that a fifth of children in the youngest age group (3-5 years old) suffer from pulpitis and periodontitis of temporary teeth. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The conducted examination of children urban-type settlement of Mashivka confirms the opinion that the excessive content of fluorine in drinking water does not have a caries-protective effect, and the intensity of the process reaches the indicators characteristic of regions with its optimal content. Such a situation requires strengthening measures for both primary and secondary prevention of dental diseases.

Determination of the structure of acute injury of temporary and permanent frontal teeth in children, analysis of diagnostic and treatment measures and their effects.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To determine the structure of acute injuries of temporary and permanent frontal teeth in children, to analyze the applied diagnostic and treatment measures for acute tooth trauma and to investigate their effectiveness. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The subject of the study were 31 children aged 2-12 years with acute temporary and permanent tooth trauma. Methods: clinical (radiological, thermodiagnosis), medical and statistical. RESULTS: Results: The number of injured permanent teeth was greater than the number of injured temporary teeth. The pattern of temporary and permanent tooth injuries differed, so in temporary teeth dislocations were observed, and in permanent teeth fractures prevailed over dislocations. In our opinion, this is due to the peculiarities of the anatomy of the temporary teeth. Usually, the therapeutic tactics of acute temporary teeth injuries is to remove them, despite their important role in the growth and development of jaws, physiological formation and eruption of permanent teeth. The therapeutic tactics of dynamic observation in the case of intrusive dislocation of the temporary tooth were selected in the clinic of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry. In some cases, with a slight change in the position of the temporary tooth, self-regulation of its position was observed, in other cases the tooth remained dystopic, but its viability remained in 50% of cases. Therapeutic tactics of acute injuries of permanent teeth were selected according to the type of trauma. In the case of permanent tooth dislocation, with a slight change in its position, tooth immobilization was carried out by splinting with fiberglass tape and photopolymer composite material. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Our observations have shown that the complex of modern specialized medical care for the affected children with acute traumatic injuries of the teeth should be guided by their preservation, which ensures the subsequent normal formation of the dental-jaw apparatus. To ensure these conditions, a long, reliable immobilization of the damaged tooth is required as soon as possible after injury.

Oral status in adolescents with alcohol addiction.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Alcohol addiction is one of major public health concerns because rich assortment of alcohol drinks, alcohol advertising may hasten the initiation of alcohol drinking and increase consumption among children and adolescents nowadays. Cytotoxic effect of alcohol is among the leading causes of oral mucosa malignant degeneration, therefore alcohol drinkers are at risk of cancerous diseases. This should be taken into consideration by dentists during routing check-ups. The assessment of oral status in alcohol abusers is essential for making up a treatment plan and prophylaxis, and the investigation of oral manifestations in alcohol drinkers is of great clinical significance. The aim: To determine the peculiarities of oral status in underage drinkers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study involved 135 inpatients aged 14-17, who took the course of treatment at the Narcological Department, Poltava Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital. We assessed the condition of periodontal tissues and oral mucosa. RESULTS: Results: There was a tendency towards an increase in precancerous diseases depending on the age of patients and the length of alcohol addiction. The prevalence rate of the diseases in the first group of patients who had being abused alcohol for 2 years was 10,91% of cases; and in the second group of patients who had being abused alcohol for 3 years it made up 16,80%. This may be explained by adverse effect of ethanol on the oral mucosa and by no regular dental check-ups. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Based on the results obtained, it is appropriate to recommend mandatory oral check-ups for adolescents with alcohol abuse.

Monitoring of efficiency of dental caries management in children's temporary teeth throughout Poltava oblast.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Dental caries is still a major health care problem not only in Ukraine but throughout the world. Complicated dental caries currently ranks the leading position among the oral diseases in children. The aim of this study is to carry out a analysis of the epidemiology of dental caries and its complications, and to evaluate the efficiency of the caries treatment for temporary teeth among the children of Poltava oblast over the last decade based on the data of the annual reports. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: We have studied the figures reflecting the epidemiology of dental caries and its complications in Poltava oblast over the past ten years obtained through the analysis of the annual reports on the quantitative and qualitative indicators of paediatric dental service. RESULTS: Review: According to the annual reports from the districts, the number of cases of temporary teeth treatment for complicated caries did not change significantly when comparing the relevant data of 2007 and 2017. When carrying out the comparative analysis of annual reports for 2007 and 2017 by the indicator of the share of complicated caries, attention should be focused on the average increase of the value from 30.4% in 2007 to 35.9% in 2017. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The analysis of annual reports for 2007 and 2017 through Poltava oblast points out the low efficiency of dental caries management in the children's temporary teeth. As a result, outcomes of the dental caries treatment and caries complications in the children's temporary teeth are assessed as unsatisfactory both in the preventive and the therapeutic aspects.