Quadrilateral space syndrome: a case study and review of the literature.

Quadrilateral space syndrome is an uncommon injury. The true prevalence is unknown because of a lack of literature and possible misdiagnosis. Prevalence may increase as knowledge of the syndrome increases. The case is presented of a recreational triathlete who had a spontaneous onset of quadrilateral space syndrome. The diagnosis was made by physical examination and confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging. A conservative, yet aggressive rehabilitation programme resulted in functional improvement within six weeks. Results have been maintained for eight weeks.

Unusual cause of wrist pain in a golfer.

Wrist injury is common in golfers and normally occurs at the impact of the club with the ball. The unusual case is reported of a low handicap golfer with wrist pain aggravated by the putting stroke. The condition was resolved with treatment. The likely mechanism for the injury is discussed.

Palpable unilateral sacral prominence as a clinical sign of lower limb anisomelia: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of oblique-axis sacral torsion in the presence of true or apparent short leg. DESIGN: Prospective blind trial of eighteen subjects. SETTING: A suburban chiropractic practice, a hospital and a university campus. SUBJECTS: Of 33 subjects selected, 27 completed the study, 8 exhibited elimination criteria, and 1 X-ray was nondiagnostic. MAIN RESULTS: 3 x 3 contingency table showed the presence of unilateral sacral prominence as statistically significant (p > .001) in subjects with LLI. The incidence of unilateral sacral prominence on the short leg side was also significant (p > .05). Weighted kappa confirmed both (alpha > .001). CONCLUSIONS: Oblique-axis sacral torsion may play a role in intrapelvic adaptation to anisomelia of the lower limb; further examination of this prospect is warranted.

Analysis of zygapophyseal joint cracking during chiropractic manipulation.

OBJECTIVES: To determine if there is a relationship between the side of head rotation and the side of joint crack during "diversified" rotatory manipulation of the cervical spine. DESIGN: Randomized experimental study. SETTING: Macquarie University, Centre for Chiropractic, Summer Hill, New South Wales. SUBJECTS: Fifty asymptomatic subjects were recruited from the students and staff of the above college. INTERVENTION: Single, unilateral "diversified," high velocity, low amplitude, rotatory thrust technique. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Joint crack sound wave analysis of digital audio tape (DAT) recordings, taken from two skin mounted microphones positioned on either side of the cervical spine. RESULTS: All 50 subjects exhibited at least one audible joint crack sound during manipulation. Forty-seven subjects (94%) exhibited cracking on the ipsilateral side to head rotation (95% confidence interval, 83.5% to 98.7%). One subject exhibited joint cracking on the contralateral side only, while two subjects exhibited bilateral joint crack sounds. There was a statistically significant lower rate of exclusively ipsilateral joint cracking in subjects with a history of neck trauma (80% vs. 100%, p = .023). CONCLUSIONS: This research suggests that during the "diversified" rotatory manipulation of the cervical spine utilized in this study, there is a higher occurrence of the joint crack on the ipsilateral side to head rotation.

Agrarian potential, population, and the tarascan state.

Estimates based on potential maize crops and maize consumption patterns of the 15th-century Mesoamerican protohistoric Tarascan population living within its geopolitical core (Lake Páttzcuaro Basin) indicate that this population had not maintained itself through agricultural- and lacustrine-carrying capacity alone. It was through having to obtain basic resources such as maize from outside the basin that the Tarascans developed mechanisms that formed the particular character of their state.