[Medium-term results of autologous osteochondral transplantation in patellar cartilage injuries]. / Resultados a mediano plazo del trasplante osteocondral autólogo en las lesiones del cartílago patelar.

INTRODUCTION: Patellar cartilage is subject to high mechanical requests and is a very frequent location of injuries. There is no consensus on their treatment. Autologous osteochondral transplantation may be an alternative to small to medium-sized condral defects with varying results in the literature. Our goal is to analyze the medium-term functional outcomes of patients with grade III-IV patellar cartilage injuries from the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) treated at our facility. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study in patients under 55 years of age, with a symptomatic patellar condral defect, diameter less than 2 cm, grade III-IV of ICRS treated by autologous osteochondral transplant between 2012 and 2018. The following variables are evaluated: age, sex, injury size, affected facet, number of transplanted cylinders, pre- and postoperative Kujala score, and pre- and postoperative analog visual pain scale (EVA). RESULTS: Eleven patients integrated into our study. The median age was 47 years. The median diameter of the condral defect 1.3 cm. Median follow-up 3.9 years (1.84-5.58 years). The median of the preoperative Kujala questionnaire is 33 and is 89 at the end of the follow-up (p = 0.003). The median of the preoperative EVA score is 9 and 2 at the end of the follow-up (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Autologous osteochondral transplantation generated a significant subjective improvement in function and pain.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El cartílago rotuliano está sometido a altas demandas mecánicas y es una localización muy frecuente de lesiones. No existe consenso en cuanto a su tratamiento. El trasplante osteocondral autólogo puede ser una alternativa para los defectos condrales de pequeño o mediano tamaño con resultados variables en la bibliografía. Nuestro objetivo es analizar los resultados funcionales a mediano plazo de los pacientes con lesiones del cartílago patelar grado III-IV de la International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) tratados en nuestro centro. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo con pacientes menores de 55 años, con un defecto condral patelar sintomático, diámetro menor de 2 cm, grado III-IV de la ICRS tratados mediante trasplante osteocondral autólogo entre los años 2012 y 2018. Se evalúan las siguientes variables: edad, sexo, tamaño de la lesión, faceta afectada, número de cilindros trasplantados, escala de Kujala pre y postoperatoria y escala visual analógica del dolor (EVA) pre y postoperatoria. RESULTADOS: Integramos en nuestro estudio 11 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue de 47 años. La mediana del diámetro del defecto condral 1.3 cm. La mediana de seguimiento 3.9 años (1.84-5.58 años). La mediana del cuestionario Kujala preoperatoria es 33 y asciende a 89 al final del seguimiento (p = 0.003). La mediana de la puntuación EVA preoperatoria es nueve y dos al final del seguimiento (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIÓN: El trasplante osteocondral autólogo generó una importante mejora subjetiva de la función y del dolor.

Resultados a mediano plazo del trasplante osteocondral autólogo en las lesiones del cartílago patelar / Medium-term results of autologous osteochondral transplantation in patellar cartilage injuries

Resumen: Introducción: El cartílago rotuliano está sometido a altas demandas mecánicas y es una localización muy frecuente de lesiones. No existe consenso en cuanto a su tratamiento. El trasplante osteocondral autólogo puede ser una alternativa para los defectos condrales de pequeño o mediano tamaño con resultados variables en la bibliografía. Nuestro objetivo es analizar los resultados funcionales a mediano plazo de los pacientes con lesiones del cartílago patelar grado III-IV de la International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) tratados en nuestro centro. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo con pacientes menores de 55 años, con un defecto condral patelar sintomático, diámetro menor de 2 cm, grado III-IV de la ICRS tratados mediante trasplante osteocondral autólogo entre los años 2012 y 2018. Se evalúan las siguientes variables: edad, sexo, tamaño de la lesión, faceta afectada, número de cilindros trasplantados, escala de Kujala pre y postoperatoria y escala visual analógica del dolor (EVA) pre y postoperatoria. Resultados: Integramos en nuestro estudio 11 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue de 47 años. La mediana del diámetro del defecto condral 1.3 cm. La mediana de seguimiento 3.9 años (1.84-5.58 años). La mediana del cuestionario Kujala preoperatoria es 33 y asciende a 89 al final del seguimiento (p = 0.003). La mediana de la puntuación EVA preoperatoria es nueve y dos al final del seguimiento (p = 0.003). Conclusión: El trasplante osteocondral autólogo generó una importante mejora subjetiva de la función y del dolor.

Abstract: Introduction: Patellar cartilage is subject to high mechanical requests and is a very frequent location of injuries. There is no consensus on their treatment. Autologous osteochondral transplantation may be an alternative to small to medium-sized condral defects with varying results in the literature. Our goal is to analyze the medium-term functional outcomes of patients with grade III-IV patellar cartilage injuries from the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) treated at our facility. Material and methods: Retrospective study in patients under 55 years of age, with a symptomatic patellar condral defect, diameter less than 2 cm, grade III-IV of ICRS treated by autologous osteochondral transplant between 2012 and 2018. The following variables are evaluated: age, sex, injury size, affected facet, number of transplanted cylinders, pre- and postoperative Kujala score, and pre- and postoperative analog visual pain scale (EVA). Results: Eleven patients integrated into our study. The median age was 47 years. The median diameter of the condral defect 1.3 cm. Median follow-up 3.9 years (1.84-5.58 years). The median of the preoperative Kujala questionnaire is 33 and is 89 at the end of the follow-up (p = 0.003). The median of the preoperative EVA score is 9 and 2 at the end of the follow-up (p = 0.003). Conclusion: Autologous osteochondral transplantation generated a significant subjective improvement in function and pain.

Implementación de un proceso clínico integrado para la atención de la fractura de cadera en pacientes mayores de 65 años / Implementation of an integrated clinical process for the care of hip fracture in patients older than 65 years

Resumen: Las fracturas de cadera en el anciano representan un grave problema sanitario. En nuestro país se ha producido un incremento exponencial de las mismas, por lo que suponen, desde el punto de vista de la gestión hospitalaria, un reto cada vez mayor. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar los resultados al año de la implementación piloto de un proceso clínico multidisciplinar para la atención de los pacientes mayores de 65 años con diagnóstico de fractura de cadera. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional de cohortes, retrospectivo. Se incluyeron los pacientes con edad igual o mayor de 65 años con diagnóstico de fractura de cadera. Los períodos analizados fueron el año natural 2013 (anterior a la intervención, 84 pacientes) y el año natural 2015 (en el que se desarrolla la implementación piloto, 85 pacientes). Las variables analizadas fueron la tasa de pacientes intervenidos en las primeras 48 horas, la estancia preoperatoria, la estancia total y la tasa de mortalidad al año. Resultados: La tasa de intervención en las primeras 48 horas en 2013 fue de 24.3% y en 2015 de 64.6%. Las medianas de las estancias preoperatoria y total se redujeron en tres días. No se encontraron diferencias en la tasas de mortalidad al año entre ambos grupos. Conclusión: Nuestro estudio sugiere que tras implementar un proceso clínico multidisciplinar para la atención de la fractura de cadera se pueden observar mejoras en la eficiencia asistencial. No se ha podido demostrar una menor tasa de mortalidad al año.

Abstract: Hip fracture in the elderly is considered to be a serious sanitary problem. In our country, these fractures have experimented an exponential growth, becoming an important challenge for healthcare management. This study is aimed to evaluate the 1-year-follow-up results after the pilot implementation of a multidisciplinary clinical pathway for hip fractures in over-65-year-old patients. Material and methods: We performed an observational retrospective cohort study. All over-65-year-old patients diagnosed with hip fracture were included. The analysed periods were the year 2013 (previous to the implementation of the clinical pathway, 84 patients) and the year 2015 (after the pilot implantation of the clinical pathway, 85 patients). We studied the following variables: rate of patients that underwent surgery during the first 48 hours, preoperative length of stay, total length of stay and one year mortality rate. Results: The rate of surgery during the first 48 hours was 24.3% in 2013 and 64.6% in 2015. The median of the preoperative and total length of stay decreased three days. One year mortality rates of both groups were not found to be statistically different. Conclusion: Our study suggests that improvements of the care efficiency may be achieved after the implementation of a clinical pathway for the hip fracture in the elderly. It was not possible to demonstrate a lower one year mortality rate.

[Implementation of an integrated clinical process for the care of hip fracture in patients older than 65 years]. / Implementación de un proceso clínico integrado para la atención de la fractura de cadera en pacientes mayores de 65 años.

Hip fracture in the elderly is considered to be a serious sanitary problem. In our country, these fractures have experimented an exponential growth, becoming an important challenge for healthcare management. This study is aimed to evaluate the 1-year-follow-up results after the pilot implementation of a multidisciplinary clinical pathway for hip fractures in over-65-year-old patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed an observational retrospective cohort study. All over-65-year-old patients diagnosed with hip fracture were included. The analysed periods were the year 2013 (previous to the implementation of the clinical pathway, 84 patients) and the year 2015 (after the pilot implantation of the clinical pathway, 85 patients). We studied the following variables: rate of patients that underwent surgery during the first 48 hours, preoperative length of stay, total length of stay and one year mortality rate. RESULTS: The rate of surgery during the first 48 hours was 24.3% in 2013 and 64.6% in 2015. The median of the preoperative and total length of stay decreased three days. One year mortality rates of both groups were not found to be statistically different. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that improvements of the care efficiency may be achieved after the implementation of a clinical pathway for the hip fracture in the elderly. It was not possible to demonstrate a lower one year mortality rate.

Las fracturas de cadera en el anciano representan un grave problema sanitario. En nuestro país se ha producido un incremento exponencial de las mismas, por lo que suponen, desde el punto de vista de la gestión hospitalaria, un reto cada vez mayor. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar los resultados al año de la implementación piloto de un proceso clínico multidisciplinar para la atención de los pacientes mayores de 65 años con diagnóstico de fractura de cadera. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional de cohortes, retrospectivo. Se incluyeron los pacientes con edad igual o mayor de 65 años con diagnóstico de fractura de cadera. Los períodos analizados fueron el año natural 2013 (anterior a la intervención, 84 pacientes) y el año natural 2015 (en el que se desarrolla la implementación piloto, 85 pacientes). Las variables analizadas fueron la tasa de pacientes intervenidos en las primeras 48 horas, la estancia preoperatoria, la estancia total y la tasa de mortalidad al año. Resultados: La tasa de intervención en las primeras 48 horas en 2013 fue de 24.3% y en 2015 de 64.6%. Las medianas de las estancias preoperatoria y total se redujeron en tres días. No se encontraron diferencias en la tasas de mortalidad al año entre ambos grupos. Conclusión: Nuestro estudio sugiere que tras implementar un proceso clínico multidisciplinar para la atención de la fractura de cadera se pueden observar mejoras en la eficiencia asistencial. No se ha podido demostrar una menor tasa de mortalidad al año.

Effectiveness and safety of sofosbuvir-based regimens plus an NS5A inhibitor for patients with HCV genotype 3 infection and cirrhosis. Results of a multicenter real-life cohort.

Patients with HCV genotype 3 (GT3) infection and cirrhosis are currently the most difficult to cure. We report our experience with sofosbuvir+daclatasvir (SOF+DCV) or sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (SOF/LDV), with or without ribavirin (RBV) in clinical practice in this population. This was a multicenter observational study including cirrhotic patients infected by HCV GT3, treated with sofosbuvir plus an NS5A inhibitor (May 2014-October 2015). In total, 208 patients were included: 98 (47%) treatment-experienced, 42 (20%) decompensated and 55 (27%) MELD score >10. In 131 (63%), treatment was SOF+DCV and in 77 (37%), SOF/LDV. Overall, 86% received RBV. RBV addition and extension to 24 weeks was higher in the SOF/LDV group (95% vs 80%, P=.002 and 83% vs 72%, P=.044, respectively). A higher percentage of decompensated patients were treated with DCV than LDV (25% vs 12%, P=.013). Overall, SVR12 was 93.8% (195/208): 94% with SOF+DCV and 93.5% with SOF/LDV. SVR12 was achieved in 90.5% of decompensated patients. Eleven treatment failures: 10 relapses and one breakthrough. RBV addition did not improve SVR (RR: 1.08; P=.919). The single factor associated with failure to achieve SVR was platelet count <75×10E9/mL (RR: 3.50, P=.019). In patients with MELD <10, type of NS5A inhibitor did not impact on SVR12 (94% vs 97%; adjusted RR: 0.49). Thirteen patients (6.3%) had serious adverse events, including three deaths (1.4%) and one therapy discontinuation (0.5%), higher in decompensated patients (16.7% vs 3.6%, P<.006). In patients with GT3 infection and cirrhosis, SVR12 rates were high with both SOF+DCV and SOF/LDV, with few serious adverse events.

La Unidad Clínica de Gastroenterología y Hepatología Pediátrica del Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe / The Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Clinical Unit of the University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe

La unidad de Gastroenterología y hepatología Pediátrica del Hospital La Fe tiene como misión la atención médica de la patología digestiva de pacientes pediátricos de la Comunidad Valenciana, incluyendo la coordinación de los pacientes afectos de fibrosis quística, un programa de trasplante hepático pediátrico así como una cartera de pruebas funcionales para pacientes propios y externos. Igualmente lleva a cabo una labor de investigación que abarca diferentes aspectos de la enfermedad celíaca, especialmente en el área de diagnóstico. En los últimos años hemos iniciado, junto con la Unidad Hepatología Experimental del Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, una línea de investigación en trasplante celular hepático. Numerosas publicaciones en revistas de alto impacto acreditan esta actividad. La labor docente se manifiesta no solo en la formación de residentes del propio centro, sino también en la rotación temporal por nuestro servicio de facultativos externos, y en la organización de cursos y congresos tanto a nivel nacional como internacional (AU)

The Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit of Hospital La Fe aims at taking care of all children with relevant gastrointestinal or liver diseases, either acute or chronic, from the Autonomic community of Valencia; besides we coordinate the assistance of patients with cystic fibrosis, and are responsible for the pediatric liver transplantation program. Our laboratory performs functional tests for in and out patients, such as sweat test, impedanciometry, videocapsule, small intestinal biopsy, absorption test and liver elastography. We have a longstanding tradition of investigation in the field of celiac disease, specially in diagnosis and epidemiology as shown by numerous publications in high impact index papers. More recently we have started a new program on liver cell transplantation together with the Experimental Hepatology Unit (AU)

Terapia celular hepática en el tratamiento de las metabolopatías congénitas en niños / Liver cell therapy in the treatment of inborn errors of metabolism in children

El trasplante hepático (TH) es el único tratamiento efectivo existente para las enfermedades hepáticas en fase terminal. La desproporción entre demanda y oferta de órganos constituye su principal limitación, planteando la necesidad de buscar alternativas de tratamiento. El trasplante de hepatocitos humanos o trasplante celular hepático (TCH) constituye, en el momento actual, la mejor opción terapéutica puente al restablecimiento de la función hepática o al trasplante hepático. Consiste en trasplantar hepatocitos humanos totalmente diferenciados a un órgano receptor, en cantidad suficiente para que estos sobrevivan y restauren la función hepática normal, basándose en la capacidad de regeneración hepática. El TCH consta básicamente de 4 pasos: el aislamiento de los hepatocitos a partir de injertos hepáticos descartados para TH, la preparación de las suspensiones celulares, la criopreservación de los hepatocitos aislados y, finalmente, su implante en el receptor. Esta terapia se ha llevado a cabo en pacientes con insuficiencia hepática aguda de distintas etiologías con intención de sustituir o servir de puente al TH y en el tratamiento de pacientes pediátricos con errores congénitos del metabolismo con objetivo de reemplazar el déficit enzimático causante de la enfermedad. En el Hospital La Fe de Valencia hemos puesto en marcha una Unidad de Terapia Celular Hepática y llevado a cabo el primer TCH en España, abriendo una nueva línea de trabajo dentro del Programa de Trasplante Hepático (AU)

Liver transplantation has been remarkably effective in the treatment of patients with end-stage liver disease. However, disparity between solid-organ supply and increased demand is the main limitation, resulting in longer waiting times and an increase in the mortality of transplant recipients. This situation creates the need to seek alternatives to orthotopic liver transplantation. Hepatocyte transplantation or liver cell transplantation has been proposed as the best method to support patients, a bridge to restore liver function or liver transplant. The procedure consists in transplanting individual cells in a recipient organ in enough quantity to survive and restore the function. The capacity of hepatic regeneration constitutes the biological basis of hepatocyte transplantation. Liver cell transplantation is carried out by means of the isolation of hepatocytes from donor liver rejected for orthotopic transplantation, to prepare a cell suspension for infusion, cryopreservation and, finally, hepatocytes are implanted into the recipient. This may be an optional therapeutic procedure in some patients with inborn errors of metabolism, fulminant hepatic failure, and acute and chronic liver failure, as a bridge to orthotopic liver transplantation. The first hepatocyte transplantation in Spain was performed in the Cell Therapy Unit of the Hospital La Fe of Valencia, creating a new research line in the transplant program (AU)

[Liver cell therapy in the treatment of inborn errors of metabolism in children]. / Terapia celular hepática en el tratamiento de las metabolopatías congénitas en niños.

Liver transplantation has been remarkably effective in the treatment of patients with end-stage liver disease. However, disparity between solid-organ supply and increased demand is the main limitation, resulting in longer waiting times and an increase in the mortality of transplant recipients. This situation creates the need to seek alternatives to orthotopic liver transplantation. Hepatocyte transplantation or liver cell transplantation has been proposed as the best method to support patients, a bridge to restore liver function or liver transplant. The procedure consists in transplanting individual cells in a recipient organ in enough quantity to survive and restore the function. The capacity of hepatic regeneration constitutes the biological basis of hepatocyte transplantation. Liver cell transplantation is carried out by means of the isolation of hepatocytes from donor liver rejected for orthotopic transplantation, to prepare a cell suspension for infusion, cryopreservation and, finally, hepatocytes are implanted into the recipient. This may be an optional therapeutic procedure in some patients with inborn errors of metabolism, fulminant hepatic failure, and acute and chronic liver failure, as a bridge to orthotopic liver transplantation. The first hepatocyte transplantation in Spain was performed in the Cell Therapy Unit of the Hospital La Fe of Valencia, creating a new research line in the transplant program.

[A prospective study on trimetazidine effectiveness and tolerability in diabetic patients in association to the previous treatment of their coronary disease. DIETRIC study]. / Estudio prospectivo en pacientes diabéticos de la efectividad y la tolerabilidad de la trimetazidina en asociación al tratamiento previo de su enfermedad coronaria. Estudio DIETRIC.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Diabetics frequently suffer diffuse coronary disease with difficulties for coronary artery bypass graft, which means that they require multiple medical treatment. Trimetazidine is an anti-ischemic agent that improves the myocardial metabolism and that can be especially useful in the ischemic myocardium of diabetic patients. The objective of this study is to evaluate in diabetic patients the anti-ischemic effectiveness of trimetazidine associated with regular medical treatment. METHODS: In the DIETRIC study 580 patients with diabetes type 2 and coronary disease have been included for the assessment of antianginous effect of trimetazidine (20 mg/8 h). Basal clinical record, physical examination, laboratory evaluation, ECG and exercise test were carried out, with 6-month follow-up. In this article the clinical and exercise test response to the treatment is analyzed. RESULTS: A reduction of angina episodes was observed (2.8 vs 0,9; p < 0.001), in addition to a reduction of the number of weekly nitroglycerin tablets (2.5 vs 0,7; p < 0.001). In the exercise test carried out at 6-month follow-up an increase in its length was observed (441 vs 391 s; p < 0.001); also an increase of the time up to the decline of ST segment (214 vs 209 s; p = 0.02); at the same time a smaller decline of ST segment occurred (1.7 vs 1,2; p < 0.001). Tolerance was excellent. CONCLUSIONS: In this group of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and coronary artery disease, trimetazidine associated with regular medical treatment decreased the incidence of angina episodes and the ischemic response in the exercise test with an excellent tolerance.

[Limited application of prevention measures in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and coronary artery disease in Spain. DIETRIC study]. / Escasa aplicación de las medidas de prevención en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y enfermedad arterial coronaria en España. Estudio DIETRIC.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Diabetes is a disease with high prevalence that involves high mortality. The control of risk factors reduces the cardiovascular complications. The objective of this study is to define the control degree of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease. METHODS: In DIETRIC study 628 patients with diabetes type 2 and coronary artery disease have been included with the aim to study the antianginous effect of trimetazidine. Patients were studied basally with clinical history, physical exploration, laboratory testing, ECG and exercise test, with 6-month follow-up. In this article the profile of cardiovascular risk and the level of control of the risk factors in the basal study are analyzed. RESULTS: More than 80% of patients showed excess weight or obesity, 73% dyslipemia and 59% hypertension. More than 60% of patients showed 3 or more related risk factors. Only 15% had adequate control of blood pressure, and the control of diastolic pressure (55%) was most frequent than that of systolic (17%). Only 7.5% had adequate control of plasma lipids. Many patients did not take drugs to reduce mortality, as aspirin and statins. CONCLUSIONS: Most of these diabetic patients with coronary artery disease do not have adequate control of risk factors. A limited use of drugs that have proven to reduce cardiovascular mortality in these patients is observed.

Estudio prospectivo en pacientes diabéticos de la efectividad y la tolerabilidad de la trimetazidina en asociación al tratamiento previo de su enfermedad coronaria. Estudio DIETRIC / A prospective study on trimetazidine effectiveness and tolerability in diabetic patients in association to the previous treatment of their coronary disease. DIETRIC study

Introducción y objetivos. Los diabéticos tienen con frecuencia enfermedad coronaria difusa, difícilmente revascularizable, por lo que requieren tratamiento médico múltiple. La trimetazidina es un fármaco antiisquémico que mejora el metabolismo miocárdico y puede ser especialmente útil en el miocardio isquémico del diabético. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar en pacientes diabéticos la eficacia antiisquémica de la trimetazidina asociada al tratamiento médico habitual. Métodos. En el estudio DIETRIC se han incluido580 pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 y enfermedad coronaria para estudiar el efecto antianginoso de la trimetazidina (20 mg/8 h). Se les realiza basalmente historia clínica, exploración física, analítica, electrocardiogama (ECG) y prueba de esfuerzo, y son seguidos durante 6 meses. En este artículo se analiza la respuesta clínica y en la prueba de esfuerzo al tratamiento. Resultados. Se observó una disminución de los episodios de angina (2,8 frente a 0,9; p <0,001), así como del número de comprimidos de nitroglicerina utilizados a la semana (2,5 frente a 0,7; p < 0,001).En la prueba de esfuerzo realizada a los 6 meses se observó un incremento de la duración de la prueba de esfuerzo (441 frente a 391 s; p < 0,001) y del tiempo hasta el descenso del segmento ST (214 frente a 209 s; p = 0,02); simultáneamente se produjo un menor descenso del ST (1,7 frente a 1,2; p<0,001).La tolerancia fue excelente. Conclusiones. En este grupo de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y enfermedad arterial coronaria la trimetazidina asociada al tratamiento médico habitual disminuye el número de episodios anginosos y la respuesta isquémica en la prueba de esfuerzo con una excelente tolerancia

Introduction and objectives. Diabetics frequently suffer diffuse coronary disease with difficulties for coronary artery bypass graft, which means that they require multiple medical treatment. Trimetazidineis an anti-ischemic agent that improves the myocardial metabolism and that can be especially useful in the ischemic myocardium of diabetic patients. The objective of this study is to evaluate in diabetic patients the anti-ischemic effectiveness of trimetazidine associated with regular medical treatment. Methods. In the DIETRIC study 580 patients with diabetes type 2 and coronary disease have been recluted for the assessment of antianginous effect oftrimetazidine (20 mg/8 h). Basal clinical record, physical examination, laboratory evaluation, ECGand exercise test were carried out, with 6-monthfollow-up. In this article the clinical and exercise testresponse to the treatment is analyzed. Results. A reduction of angina episodes was observed (2.8 vs 0,9; p < 0.001), in addition to areduction of the number of weekly nitrogly cerintablets (2.5 vs 0,7; p < 0.001). In the exercise test carried out at 6-month follow-up an increase in its lenght was observed (441 vs 391 s; p < 0.001); also an increase of the time up to the decline of ST segment (214 vs 209 s; p = 0.02); at the same timea smaller decline of ST segment occurred(1.7 vs 1,2; p < 0.001). Tolerance was excellent. Conclusions. In this group of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and coronary artery disease, trimetazidine associated with regular medical treatment decreased the incidence of angina episodes and the ischemic response in the exercise test with an excellent tolerance

Incontinencia pigmenti / Incontinentia pigmenti

La Incontinentia Pigmenti o Síndrome de Bloch-Sulzberger es una enfermedad neurocutánea ligada al cromosoma X, infrecuente, que afecta generalmente a niñas. Se caracteriza por lesiones cutáneas, dentales, oculares y neurológicas. Se presenta la evolución clínica de una niña de 2 años con diagnóstico neonatal de esta enfermedad

Incontinenti pigmenti o Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome is an uncommon neurocutaneous disease X linked dominant disorder which usually affects female infants. It affects skin, dental, ocular and nervous system. We report a case of 2 years old female which neonatal diagnosis of ttlis disease

Escasa aplicación de las medidas de prevención en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y enfermedad arterial coronaria en España. Estudio DIETRIC / Limited application of prevention measures in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and coronary artery disease in Spain. DIETRIC study

Introducción y objetivos. La diabetes es una enfermedad de elevada prevalencia que conlleva una elevada mortalidad. El control de los factores de riesgo reduce las complicaciones cardiovasculares. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer el grado de control de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con diabetes y enfermedad arterial coronaria. Métodos. En el estudio DIETRIC se han incluido 628 pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 y enfermedad arterial coronaria para estudiar el efecto antianginoso de la trimetazidina. Se les realiza basalmente historia clínica, exploración física, analítica, ECG y prueba de esfuerzo y son seguidos durante 6 meses. En este artículo se analiza el perfil de riesgo cardiovascular y el grado de control de los factores de riesgo en el estudio basal. Resultados. Más del 80% de los pacientes tenía sobrepeso u obesidad, el 73% dislipidemia y el 59% hipertensión arterial. Más del 60% de los pacientes tenía tres o más factores de riesgo asociados. Sólo el 15% tenía un adecuado control de las cifras de presión arterial, siendo más frecuente el control de la presión diastólica (55%) que el de la sistólica (17%). Sólo el 7,5% tiene un control adecuado de los lípidos plasmáticos. Muchos pacientes no toman fármacos que disminuyen la mortalidad, como la aspirina y las estatinas. Conclusiones. La mayoría de estos pacientes diabéticos con enfermedad arterial coronaria no tiene un control adecuado de los factores de riesgo. Se observa un escaso uso de fármacos que han demostrado reducir la mortalidad cardiovascular en estos pacientes

Introduction and objectives. Diabetes is a disease with high prevalence that involves high mortality. The control of risk factors reduces the cardiovascular complications. The objective of this study is to define the control degree of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease. Methods. In DIETRIC study 628 patients with diabetes type 2 and coronary artery disease have been included with the aim to study the antianginous effect of trimetazidine. Patients were studied basally with clinical history, physical exploration, laboratory testing, ECG and exercise test, with 6-month follow-up. In this article the profile of cardiovascular risk and the level of control of the risk factors in the basal study are analyzed. Results. More than 80% of patients showed excess weight or obesity, 73% dyslipemia and 59% hypertension. More than 60% of patients showed 3 or more related risk factors. Only 15% had adequate control of blood pressure, and the control of diastolic pressure (55%) was most frequent than that of systolic (17%). Only 7.5% had adequate control of plasma lipids. Many patients did not take drugs to reduce mortality, as aspirin and statins. Conclusions. Most of these diabetic patients with coronary artery disease do not have adequate control of risk factors. A limited use of drugs that have proven to reduce cardiovascular mortality in these patients is observed

Terapia de rehidratación oral en la diarrea aguda / Oral rehydration therapyin acute diarrhea

La diarrea aguda es una de las mayores causas de morbimortalidad tanto en los países subdesarrollados como en los desarrollados. En el tratamiento de este cuadro lo más importante es evitar o corregir la deshidratación con una adecuada solución de rehidratación oral. El conocimiento de la terapia de rehidratación oral es básico para que el pediatra realice un buen tratamiento de la diarrea aguda (AU)

[Acute myeloid leukemia in those over 70 years of age. Experience using low-dose ara-C treatment]. / Leucemia mieloide aguda en mayores de 70 años. Experiencia utilizando tratamiento con Ara-C a bajas dosis.

PURPOSE: The treatment of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) remains controversial. We present the results of the treatment of a group of patients aged above 70 years with AML diagnosed in our Hospital since 1990. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We have studied retrospectively the cases of AML in patients older than 70 years diagnosed in our Service since January 1990 to June 1996. Induction treatment was performed, in all cases but one, with two cycles of Ara-C 10 mg/m2/12 h s.c. for 21 days and after haematological recuperation, if complete remission had been achieved, monthly maintenance treatment with Ara-C (25 mg/m2/12 h oral x 5 days), prednisone (40 mg/m2/day x 5 days) y vincristine (1 mg/m2 i.v. x 1 day) was begun. RESULTS: During the period of study 48 patients with AML have been diagnosed in our Service, among them 22 (45.8%) were older than 70 years. One of them could not be considered for the study as not all data from him could be compiled. Among the other 21 patients 5 presented previous haematological processes (4 myelodysplastic syndrome and 1 Waldenström's macroglobulinemia). Initial diagnosis according to FAB classification for AML was as follows: 7 M1, 6 M2, 4 M4, 2 M5 and 2 M6. From these 21 patients 2 received no treatment due to rapid progression and death, among the other 19, one was directly treated with a modification of the maintenance treatment with vincristine and prednisone without response (survival 2 months). The other 18 patients were treated with low-dose Ara-C (described above), among them 3 (16.7%) were not evaluable as they did not finish the first cycle of induction treatment; 8 (44.4%) showed no response; 2 (11.1%) achieved partial remission and 5 (27.8%) complete remission. One patient did not show any response after two cycles of low-dose Ara-C but she obtained complete remission when treated with Ara-C and idaurubicin. Overall mean survival was 5.7 months (median 2; 95% confidence interval 1.6-9.8 months). In the group of patients treated with low-dose Ara-C mean survival was 6.6 months (median 3.5; 95% confidence interval 1.9-11.2 months). CONCLUSION: We consider that the treatment with low-dose Ara-C is a valid option in the treatment of elderly patients (aged 70 or above) with AML because 28% complete remissions can be achieved, specially in those ones in which other more aggressive treatments are not possible.