A 21-Day Individual Rehabilitation Exercise Training Program Changes Irisin, Chemerin, and BDNF Levels in Patients after Hip or Knee Replacement Surgery.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most frequent worldwide cause of adult population disabilities. The study evaluated the effects of a 21-day individual rehabilitation exercise training program focused on improving patients' functional capacity. The study analyzed the changes in irisin, chemerin, and BDNF serum levels in 36 OA patients subjected to an individually-adjusted rehabilitation program 90 days after surgical hip or knee replacement. The changes in irisin, chemerin, and BDNF serum levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. A 21-day individual rehabilitation exercise training program significantly increased irisin and BDNF, and decreased chemerin serum levels. The presented study indicates that individually-adjusted exercise training is an important modulator influencing serum levels of anti- and pro-inflammatory factors, leading to positive clinical outcomes in osteoarthritis therapy. Selected factors are considered potential markers of various pathophysiological conditions. The presented study brings new details to the discussion.

Duodenojejunal Omega Switch Surgery Reduces Oxidative Stress Induced by Cafeteria Diet in Sprague-Dawley Rats.

Over-nutrition with cafeteria diet leads to glycemic control failure and subsequent obesity. Bariatric surgery remains the ultimate treatment option, and when complemented with specific dietary protocol, it may mitigate the effects of oxidative stress induced by a cafeteria diet. The study measured antioxidant marker activity: superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and ceruloplasmin (CER), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and lipid peroxidation marker concentrations: lipofuscin (LS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), in the plasma of 56 Sprague-Dawley rats fed with a cafeteria (HFS) or a control (CD) diet and subjected to duodenojejunal omega switch (DJOS) or control (SHAM) surgery. The diet change after the surgery (CD/HFS or HFS/CD) strongly influenced SOD activity in DJOS- and SHAM-operated rats, but SOD activity was always higher in SHAM-operated rats. Every dietary protocol used in the study increased CER activity, except for the CD/CD combination. Cafeteria diet consumed before or after either of surgeries led to decrease in TAC levels. DJOS and no change in diet reduced MDA levels. DJOS reduced LS levels, but its beneficial effect was deteriorated by selected dietary protocols. The cafeteria diet negatively affected the positive impact of DJOS surgery, but SOD, CER, MDA, and LS were significantly lower in rats that underwent DJOS, suggesting that eight weeks of dietary treatment before and after the surgery did not totally dilapidate the effects of the bariatric treatment.

The Effects of 21-Day General Rehabilitation after Hip or Knee Surgical Implantation on Plasma Levels of Selected Interleukins, VEGF, TNF-α, PDGF-BB, and Eotaxin-1.

Rehabilitation in osteoarthritis (OA) patients aims to reduce joint pain and stiffness, preserve or improve joint mobility, and improve patients' quality of life. This study evaluated the effects of the 21-day individually adjusted general rehabilitation program in 36 OA patients 90 days after hip or knee replacement on selected interleukins (IL) and cytokines using the Bio-Plex® Luminex® system. Serum concentrations of almost all selected anti/pro-inflammatory markers: IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15, and of some chemokines: macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α/CCL3), and RANTES/CCL5, and of eotaxin-1/CCL11, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) significantly increased, whereas basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF basic) significantly decreased after the 21-day general rehabilitation. The levels of interferon-γ induced protein 10 (IP-10), MIP-1ß/CCL4, macrophage/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2 (MCAF)), granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) remained unchanged. There were no changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines levels: tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and IL-12 (p70)) after the 21-day general rehabilitation, indicating the stable and controlled inflammatory status of osteoarthritis patients. Significantly higher levels of anti-inflammatory factors after 21 days of moderate physical activity confirm the beneficial outcome of the applied therapy. The increased level of IL-6 after the rehabilitation may reflect its anti-inflammatory effect in osteoarthritis patients.

General Rehabilitation Program after Knee or Hip Replacement Significantly Influences Erythrocytes Oxidative Stress Markers and Serum ST2 Levels.

The survival of erythrocytes in the circulating blood depends on their membranes' structural and functional integrity. One of the mechanisms that may underlie the process of joint degeneration is the imbalance of prooxidants and antioxidants, promoting cellular oxidative stress. The study is aimed at observing the effects of the 21-day general rehabilitation program on the erythrocytes redox status and serum ST2 marker in patients after knee or hip replacement in the course of osteoarthritis. Erythrocytes and serum samples were collected from 36 patients. We analyzed the selected markers of the antioxidant system in the erythrocytes: catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (glutathione disulfide reductase (GR, GSR)), total superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione transferase (GST) activity, and cholesterol and lipofuscin (LPS) concentration. In serum, we analyzed the concentration of the suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) marker. After the 21-day general rehabilitation program, the total SOD and GPx activity, measured in the hemolysates, significantly increased (p < 0.001) while LPS, cholesterol, and ST2 levels in serum significantly decreased (p < 0.001). General rehabilitation reduces oxidative stress in patients after knee or hip replacement in the course of osteoarthritis. Individually designed, regular physical activity is the essential element of the postoperative protocol, which improves the redox balance helping patients recover after the s4urgery effectively.

High Fat, High Sugar Diet and DJOS Bariatric Surgery Influence Plasma Levels of Fetuin-B, Growth Differentiation Factor-15, and Pentraxin 3 in Diet-Induced Obese Sprague-Dawley Rats.

The liver plays a central role in glucose and fatty acid metabolism and acts as an endocrine organ that secretes hepatokines with diverse systemic effects. The study aimed to examine the influence of duodenojejunal omega switch (DJOS) bariatric surgery in combination with different diets on glucose administration parameters and hepatokines levels. After 8 weeks on high fat, high sugar diet (HFS) or control diets (CD), Sprague-Dawley rats underwent DJOS or SHAM (control) surgery. For the next 8 weeks after the surgery, half of DJOS and SHAM-operated animals were kept on the same diet as before, and half had a diet change. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed three times: 8 weeks before and 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. Fetuin-B, growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), pentraxin 3 (PTX3) plasma levels were analyzed. DJOS surgery had a beneficial effect on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results and the area under the curve (AUCOGTT). The OGTT results depended on the time elapsed after the surgery, the type of diet used, the surgery performed, and the interaction between these factors. DJOS bariatric surgery reduced fetuin-B and GDF15 plasma levels. Interaction between the type of surgery performed and diet used influenced the fetuin-B and PTX-3 plasma levels. A dietary regime is essential to achieve therapeutic and clinical goals after bariatric surgery.

Effects of Bariatric Surgeries on Fetuin-A, Selenoprotein P, Angiopoietin-Like Protein 6, and Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Concentration.

Obesity is a civilization disease representing a global health problem. Excessive body weight significantly reduces the quality of life. It is also associated with the leading causes of death, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and numerous types of cancer. The mainstay of therapy is a dietary treatment. However, in morbidly obese patients, dietary treatment is often insufficient. In these patients, the most effective procedure is bariatric surgery, but it is still difficult to predict its outcome and metabolic changes. Hepatokines are proteins secreted by hepatocytes. Many of them, including fetuin-A, selenoprotein P, angiopoietin-like protein 6, and fibroblast growth factor 21, have been linked to metabolic dysfunctions. In this context, hepatokines may prove helpful. This review investigates the possible changes in hepatokine profiles after selected bariatric surgery protocols. In this regard, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the most studied type of surgery. The overall analysis of published research identified fetuin-A as a potential marker of metabolic alternations in patients after bariatric surgery.

General, 21-Day Postoperative Rehabilitation Program Has Beneficial Effect on Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients after Total Hip or Knee Replacement.

Imbalance in prooxidant-antioxidant equilibrium plays an important role in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Postoperative rehabilitation significantly improves the functional activity of patients with OA. We aimed to assess the effect of the general 21-day postoperative rehabilitation on the oxidative stress markers in patients after total hip arthroplasty or knee replacement. Patients (n =41) started individually designed postoperative rehabilitation ca. 90 days after endoprosthesis implantation. We used the six-minute walk test (6MWT) to quantify the changes in their exercise capacity. We analyzed the oxidative stress markers: total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), Cu-Zn-superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipofuscin (LPS) concentration in patients serum to asses changes in the oxidative stress intensity. We found that after 21-days postoperative rehabilitation program: the average distance walked by patients increased by 69 m; TAC increased by 0.20 ± 0.14 mmol/l; both SOD isoforms activities increased by 1.6 (±1.7) and 1.72 (±1.5) NU/ml, respectively; but Cp activity decreased by 1.8 (0.7-3.7) mg/dl. Also, we observed lower concentrations of lipid peroxidation markers: by 19.6 ± 24.4 µmol/l for MDA and by 0.4 ± 0.5 RF for LPS. A 21-day postoperative rehabilitation program effectively reduces oxidative processes, which helps the patients after total hip or knee replacement in a successful recovery.

The Oxidative Stress Markers in the Erythrocytes and Heart Muscle of Obese Rats: Relate to a High-Fat Diet but Not to DJOS Bariatric Surgery.

Obesity and high-fat diet (HF) are prevalent causes of oxidative stress (OS). Duodenal-jejunal omega switch (DJOS) is a bariatric procedure used for body mass reduction, extensively tested in animal models. We studied the long-term impact of bariatric surgery and an HF diet on the oxidative stress markers in erythrocytes and heart muscles of rats. We analyzed superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in DJOS or SHAM (control) operated rats fed with different dietary protocols (control diet (CD) and high-fat diet (HF)), before and after the surgery (CD/CD, HF/HF, CD/HF, and HF/CD). We observed higher erythrocytes CAT, GST and GPx activity in DJOS-operated (vs. SHAM) rats fed with an HF/HF diet. For DJOS-operated rats, erythrocytes CAT and GPx activity and MDA concentration were significantly lower in CD/CD group. We observed increased heart muscle GR activity in SHAM-operated rats (vs. DJOS bariatric surgery) fed with an HF/HF diet. Change from HF to CD diet increased heart muscle GPx activity after DJOS bariatric surgery. Heart muscle SOD activity was lower in HF/HF and CD/CD groups after DJOS bariatric surgery (vs. SHAM). DJOS surgery significantly reduced heart muscle MDA concentration in HF/HF and HF/CD groups (vs. SHAM). We conclude that the selected dietary patterns had a stronger impact on oxidative stress markers in erythrocytes and heart muscle than DJOS bariatric surgery.

Corrigendum to "Antioxidant Status in the Soleus Muscle of Sprague-Dawley Rats in Relation to Duodenal-Jejunal Omega Switch and Different Dietary Patterns".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2018/3795070.].

The influence of high-fat, high-sugar diet and bariatric surgery on HSP70 and HSP90 plasma and liver concentrations in diet-induced obese rats.

Metabolic surgery ameliorates insulin resistance and is associated with long-term, effective weight loss, but the mechanisms involved remain unknown. Here, the duodenal-jejunal omega switch (DJOS) surgery in combination with high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet was performed on diet obese rats and joint effects of bariatric surgery and different dietary patterns on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and HSP90 plasma and liver concentrations were measured. We found that plasma and liver levels of HSP70 were lower after DJOS surgery in comparison to the control in the groups of animals kept on control diet (CD) and high-fat, high-sugar diet (HFS) but the postoperative change of the diet led to the increase in HSP70 in plasma and liver concentration in DJOS-operated animals. A high-calorie meal, rich in carbohydrates and fats, significantly increased circulating levels of HSP90, reducing the normalising effect of DJOS. The HFS diet applied during all stages of the experiment led to the higher levels of liver HSP90 concentration. The combination of CD and DJOS surgery was the most efficient in the lowering of the HSP90 liver concentration. The normalisation of circulating levels and liver concentrations of HSP70 and HSP90 may be achieved in a combination of DJOS procedure with a proper dietary plan.

Impact of Ileal Transposition Surgical Intervention on Antioxidant Status Measured in Liver Tissue of Obese Zucker Rats (Crl:ZUC-Leprfa).

BACKGROUND: The main factor characteristic for low-grade systemic inflammation typical for obesity is oxidative stress (OS). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is higher and more increased in time in the obese patients than in lean subjects. AIMS: To assess the effect of ileal transposition (IT) and sham types of bariatric procedures on the antioxidative systems in the liver tissue of Zucker rats (Crl:ZUC Leprfa). METHOD: 21 animals were divided into the experimental groups: control group (n = 7), sham group (n = 7), and IT group (n = 7). Sham and IT animals underwent selected surgery. The concentration of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total antioxidant status (TOS), and activity of glutathione reductase (glutathione-disulfide reductase, GR, GSR), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and total superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were assessed in liver tissue 3 months after surgery. RESULTS: IT procedure significantly increased TAC when compared to sham and the control group. Animals after IT showed higher levels of TOS when compared to sham procedure. The total amount of TOS was similar in IT and control groups. GPx activity was increased in the groups submitted to the sham and IT surgery in relation to control. GR and CAT activities were significantly higher after IT in comparison to control and sham procedures. Total SOD and MnSOD were significantly higher in sham-operated animals in comparison to IT intervention and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: IT procedure had a positive impact on the diminishing of oxidative stress measured by TAC and TOS markers. The dynamic, adaptive, and protective mechanisms of enzymatic antioxidant systems were observed after the IT but not sham procedure. Nevertheless, 3 months after surgery, the midterm effect of bariatric surgery was observed, which might not fully balance the antioxidative response.

Antioxidant Status in the Soleus Muscle of Sprague-Dawley Rats in Relation to Duodenal-Jejunal Omega Switch and Different Dietary Patterns.

BACKGROUND: Obesity and chronic ingestion of lipid-rich meals are related to an enhanced oxidative stress (OS). AIMS: To examine the influence of duodenal-jejunal omega switch surgery in combination with different diets on the antioxidative status in the soleus muscle of rats. METHODS: After 8 weeks on a high-fat diet (HF) or control diet (CD), rats underwent duodenal-jejunal omega switch (DJOS) or SHAM (control) surgery. After surgery, for the next 8 weeks, half of DJOS/SHAM animals were kept on the same diet as before, and half had a changed diet. The total superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR) activity as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were measured in the soleus of rats. RESULTS: CAT and GPx activity were significantly lower after DJOS surgery versus SHAM, regardless of the type of diet. The activity of CAT, SOD, GR, CuZnSOD, and GPx was altered in the CD/HF or HF/CD groups. After DJOS, the lowest muscle concentration of MDA was observed in the CD/CD group and the highest in CD/HF. CONCLUSIONS: DJOS surgery significantly decreases the antioxidative system in soleus muscles of rats. CD/HF and HF/CD dietary patterns lead to an increase in antioxidative activity, while remaining on unchanged diet (CD or HF) is associated with a reduced oxidative stress.

Changes of Plasma FABP4, CRP, Leptin, and Chemerin Levels in relation to Different Dietary Patterns and Duodenal-Jejunal Omega Switch Surgery in Sprague-Dawley Rats.

BACKGROUND: Pathophysiological links between inflammation, obesity, and adipokines can be used for the treatment of metabolic dysregulation. AIMS: To examine the influence of duodenal-jejunal omega switch surgery in combination with different diet patterns on plasma concentrations of fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin, and chemerin. METHODS: After 8 weeks on a high-fat diet (HF) or control diet (CD), rats underwent surgery. Duodenal-jejunal omega switch (DJOS) with an exclusion of one-third of intestinal length and SHAM surgery were performed. For the next 8 weeks, 50% of DJOS/SHAM animals were kept on the same diet as before (HF/DJOS/HF, HF/SHAM/HF, CD/DJOS/CD, and CD/SHAM/CD), and 50% had a changed diet (HF/DJOS/CD, HF/SHAM/CD, CD/DJOS/HF, and CD/SHAM/HF). FABP4, CRP, leptin, and chemerin were assessed using ELISA kits. RESULTS: FABP4: significant differences between DJOS and SHAM were observed in animals maintained on CD/CD; CRP: varied between DJOS and SHAM groups maintained on HF/HF, CD/CD, and CD/HF; leptin and chemerin levels: DJOS lowered leptin and chemerin plasma levels versus SHAM, while HF/HF, CD/HF, and HF/CD significantly increased leptin and chemerin plasma levels when compared to CD/CD. CONCLUSIONS: The beneficial effect of DJOS surgery is stronger than proinflammatory conditions caused by an HF obesogenic diet.