Programa de intervención psicológica para potenciar el afrontamiento activo en pacientes con dolor crónico de la espalda / Psychological intervention program to promoted active coping in patients with chronic back pain

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de un programa de intervención psicológica para potenciar al afrontamiento activo en pacientes con dolor crónico de la espalda.Material y método: Es una investigación de desarrollo tecnológico que parte de la metodología establecida para el diseño y evaluación de programas. Se llevó a cabo un diseño cuasi-experimental de comparación de grupos, pretest y postest con grupo de estudio y testigo. El estudio se realizó en el Hospital “Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima” de la provincia de Cienfuegos, Cuba, de julio a noviembre de 2020. Se utilizó un muestreo intencional, no probabilístico casual o a conveniencia de participantes voluntarios, quedando conformada la muestra por 60 pacientes. Las variables estudiadas fueron las estrategias de afrontamiento, el autocuidado, las alteraciones emocionales y la discapacidad funcional. El análisis estadístico de la información se realizó en el paquete estadístico SPSS. Se utilizó la prueba de los rangos con signo de Wilcoxon para muestras relacionadas y la prueba de Mann-Whitney para realizar comparación de muestras independientes intergrupos (diferencias entre Grupo Estudio y Grupo Testigo después de la intervención). Se establece un error α de tipo 1 = 0,05. Para ello se trabajó con hipótesis nula.Resultados: Los resultados permiten afirmar que los indicadores más favorecidos por el programa de intervención fueron las estrategias de afrontamiento, el autocuidado y la discapacidad funcional, mientras que las alteraciones emocionales disminuyeron en menor frecuencia.Conclusiones: El programa de intervención psicológica implementado demostró ser efectivo para potenciar el afrontamiento activo en los pacientes con dolor crónico de la espalda, en tanto logró promover el uso de estrategias activas, estimular el autocuidado de la salud, disminuir las alteraciones emocionales y favorecer la capacidad funcional del paciente en las distintas esferas de la vida cotidiana.(AU)

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a psychological intervention program to promote active coping in patients with chronic back pain.Material and method: It is a research of technological development that starts from the methodology established for the design and evaluation of programs. A quasi-experimental design of comparison of groups, pre-test and post-test with study and control group was carried out. The study was conducted at the Hospital “Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima” from the province of Cienfuegos, Cuba, from July to November 2020. Intentional, non-probabilistic casual sampling or at the convenience of volunteer participants was used, the sample being made up of 60 patients. The variables studied were coping strategies, self-care, emotional disturbances and functional disability. The statistical analysis of the information was carried out in the statistical package SPSS. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for related samples and the Mann-Whitney test to compare independent samples between groups (differences between the Study Group and the Control Group after the intervention). An error α of type 1 = 0.05 is established. For this, the null hypothesis was used.Results: The results allow us to affirm that the indicators most favored by the intervention program were coping strategies, self-care and functional disability, while emotional disturbances decreased less frequently.Conclusions: The implemented psychological intervention program proved to be effective in promoting active coping in patients with chronic back pain, as it was able to promote the use of active strategies, stimulate self-care of health, reduce emotional disturbances and favor recovery functional capacity of the patient in the different spheres of daily life.(AU)

[Validation of the Oswestry disability scale for low back pain in patients with chronic back pain. Cienfuegos, 2017-2018]. / Validación de la escala de incapacidad por dolor lumbar de Oswestry, en paciente con dolor crónico de la espalda. Cienfuegos, 2017-2018.

INTRODUCTION: A large number of patients have chronic back pain, producing disability. Consequently, there is a need to validate instruments for pain measurement. The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Oswestry Disability Scale for Low Back Pain in the population with chronic back pain in Cienfuegos. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The investigation consisted of the development of an instrument to validate the scale through content validity, construct validity and reliability analysis. The validation included linguistic and cultural adaptation of the instrument. The study was conducted at the Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima University Hospital in Cienfuegos, Cuba, from September 2017 to October 2018. Systematic randomised sampling was used. The sample included 162 patients. The statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS statistical package. RESULTS: The experts considered that the instrument should remain unchanged. Factorial analysis identified the presence of three intercorrelated factors that represented 63% of the total. A global Cronbach α of 0.801 was obtained and the temporal stability of the instrument was demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm the validity and reliability of the Oswestry Disability Scale for Low Back Pain in the Cienfuegan population with chronic back pain.