Maternal cafeteria diet exposure primes depression-like behavior in the offspring evoking lower brain volume related to changes in synaptic terminals and gliosis.

Maternal nutritional programming by caloric exposure during pregnancy and lactation results in long-term behavioral modification in the offspring. Here, we characterized the effect of maternal caloric exposure on synaptic and brain morphological organization and its effects on depression-like behavior susceptibility in rats' offspring. Female Wistar rats were exposed to chow or cafeteria (CAF) diet for 9 weeks (pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, and lactation) and then switched to chow diet after weaning. By postnatal day 60, the male Wistar rat offspring were tested for depressive-like behavior using operational conditioning, novelty suppressed feeding, sucrose preference, and open-field test. Brain macro and microstructural morphology were analyzed using magnetic resonance imaging deformation-based morphometry (DBM) and western blot, immunohistochemistry for NMDA and AMPA receptor, synaptophysin and myelin, respectively. We found that the offspring of mothers exposed to CAF diet displayed deficient motivation showing decrease in the operant conditioning, sucrose preference, and suppressed feeding test. Macrostructural DBM analysis showed reduction in the frontomesocorticolimbic circuit volume including the nucleus accumbens (NAc), hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex. Microstructural analysis revealed reduced synaptic terminals in hippocampus and NAc, whereas increased glial fibrillary acidic protein in hippocampus and lateral hypothalamus, as well as a decrease in the hippocampal cell number and myelin reduction in the dentate gyrus and hilus, respectively. Also, offspring exhibited increase of the GluR1 and GLUR2 subunits of AMPA receptor, whereas a decrease in the mGluR2 expression in hippocampus. Our findings reveal that maternal programming might prime depression-like behavior in the offspring by modulating macro and micro brain organization of the frontomesocorticolimbic circuit.

Recurrent renal cell carcinoma to the breast and thigh soft tissues. A case report and review of the literature.

The breast seldom harbors secondary malignant lesions and is rarer for the kidney to be the origin of the metastatic lesion. Keen Imaging analysis, as well as a high index of suspicion, are critical to differentiate a primary tumor from a metastatic lesion. We describe an unusual case of a recurrent RCC presenting as metastatic lesions to the breast and soft tissue of the right thigh in a 51-year-old patient referred to our breast-imaging unit 10 months after therapeutic surgery. An adequate and close follow-up accompanied by a thorough physical exam and appropriate imaging methods is essential to identify these types of cases.

ADIPOQ single nucleotide polymorphisms and breast cancer in northeastern Mexican women.

BACKGROUND: Adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) polymorphisms have been shown to affect adiponectin serum concentration and some have been associated with breast cancer (BC) risk. The aims of this study were to describe the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ADIPOQ in Mexican women with BC and to determine if they show an association with it. METHODS: DNA samples from 397 patients and 355 controls were tested for the ADIPOQ gene SNPs: rs2241766 (GT) and rs1501299 (GT) by TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was tested. Multiple SNP inheritance models adjusted by age and body mass index (BMI) were examined for the SNP rs1501299. RESULTS: We found that in the frequency analysis of rs1501299 without adjusting the BMI and age, the genotype distribution had a statistically significant difference (P = 0.003). The T allele was associated with a BC risk (OR, 1.99; 95% CI 1.13-3.51, TT vs. GG; OR, 1.53; 95% CI 1.12-2.09, GT vs. GG). The SNP rs2241766 was in HW disequilibrium in controls. In conclusion, the rs1501299 polymorphism is associated with a BC risk. CONCLUSIONS: Identification of the genotype of these polymorphisms in patients with BC can contribute to integrate the risk profile in both patients and their relatives as part of a comprehensive approach and increasingly more personalized medicine.

Pediatric Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Horseshoe Kidney: A Case Report with Review of the Literature.

Renal cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the kidney in adults. In children, however, it only accounts for an estimated 1.8 to 6.3% of all pediatric malignant renal tumors. Papillary renal cell carcinoma is the second most common type of renal cell carcinoma in children. We present the case of a 12-year-old boy with a 2-month history of abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, and gross hematuria. Computed tomography revealed a horseshoe kidney and a well-defined mass of 4 cm arising from the lower pole of the right kidney. Microscopically the tumor was composed of papillae covered with cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and high-grade nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Immunohistochemistry was performed; EMA, Vimentin, and AMACR were strongly positive while CK7, CD10, RCC antigen, TFE3, HMB-45, and WT-1 were negative. Currently, 10 months after the surgical procedure, the patient remains clinically and radiologically disease-free.