Surgical extraction of canine oesophageal foreign bodies through a gastrotomy approach: 12 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a gastrotomy approach to remove foreign bodies located in the caudal oesophagus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective examination of case records of dogs with surgical management of foreign body located in the caudal oesophagus. RESULTS: Twelve dogs with caudal oesophageal foreign body were managed surgically after unsuccessful endoscopic approaches. The foreign body was successfully extracted via gastrotomy in all 12 cases. Ten dogs recovered well without any postoperative complications but one dog died during the immediate postoperative period and one during hospitalisation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Caudal oesophageal foreign body extraction by gastrotomy is a possible alternative to transthoracic oesophagotomy. Based on the small population presented here this approach performed through a laparotomy appears easy, with a low rate of perioperative and postoperative complications.

Comparison of the tibia plateau angle between small and large dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the conformation of the proximal tibia evaluated on a medio-lateral radiograph between small and large dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD). METHODS: Retrospective clinical study with dogs having radiographic evaluation and CCLD confirmed at surgery. The first group (n = 52) was comprised of dogs weighing less than 15 kg and the second group (n = 52) of dogs weighing more than 15 kg. The tibial plateau angle (TPA), the relative tibial tuberosity width (rTTW), and the Z angle were measured on preoperative radiographs with imaging measurement software. Linear mixed models were used to assess the effect of weight, age, sex, and neutered status on radiographic measurements and to estimate interobserver variabilities. RESULTS: The small dog group had a greater TPA (30.1° ± 5.3; p <0.001 with a mean difference of 4.9° [95% CI: 3.8-6.0]) and Z angle (69.9° ± 5.6; p<0.001 with a mean difference of 6.1° ([95% CI: 4.9-7.4]) than the large dog group. Sex and neutered status further influenced the TPA and Z angle values. No significant effect was observed on the rTTW values. A strong correlation was found between the TPA and the Z angle (r = 0.61, p <0.001). Variances were not significantly different between observers. Overall the interobserver variability was low suggesting that agreement was good. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Small dogs with CCLD have a steeper tibial plateau than large dogs with CCLD. Sex and neutered status also had an effect on some measured variables. This anatomical difference could influence the surgical technique, which may affect the outcome. The good interobserver agreement suggests the observer is unlikely to influence surgical planning.

Long-term results of upper respiratory syndrome surgery and gastrointestinal tract medical treatment in 51 brachycephalic dogs.

OBJECTIVES: After a first clinical study showing a high prevalence of gastrointestinal tract diseases in brachycephalic dogs presented for upper respiratory syndrome, a prospective study was performed to determine the influence of medical treatment for gastrointestinal tract disorders associated with upper respiratory syndrome surgery. METHODS: The gastrointestinal tract and respiratory disorders of 61 brachycephalic dogs presented for upper respiratory syndrome were evaluated. Together with surgery of the upper respiratory tract, a specific gastrointestinal medical treatment was administered. A minimal follow-up of six months was required for inclusion. RESULTS: Palatoplasty with rhinoplasty was the most common surgical correction (88.5 per cent). The mortality rate in the perioperative period was 3.3 per cent. Minor complications accounted for 26.2 per cent of cases. No aspiration pneumonia was encountered. A sufficient follow-up was obtained in 51 dogs. The improvement was judged by the owners as excellent or good in 88.3 per cent of the respiratory disorders and in 91.4 per cent of the gastrointestinal disorders. Clinically, a statistically significant improvement was obtained for both respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In comparison with other studies, digestive tract medical treatment combined with upper respiratory surgery seems to decrease the complication rate and improve the prognosis of dogs presented for upper respiratory syndrome.

Prevalence of gastrointestinal tract lesions in 73 brachycephalic dogs with upper respiratory syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal tract lesions in brachycephalic dogs with upper respiratory tract disease. METHODS: The gastrointestinal tract and respiratory disorders of 73 brachycephalic dogs presented with upper respiratory signs were evaluated. Clinical signs and endoscopic and histological anomalies of the upper digestive tract were analysed. RESULTS: A very high prevalence of gastrointestinal tract problems in brachycephalic dogs presented with upper respiratory problems was observed clinically, endoscopically and histologically. Endoscopic anomalies of the upper digestive tract were present even in dogs without digestive clinical signs. Furthermore, histological evaluation of the digestive tract sometimes showed inflammatory lesions not macroscopically visible at endoscopy. Statistical analysis showed a relationship between the severity of the respiratory and digestive signs. This was significant in French bulldogs, males and heavy brachycephalic dogs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: These observations show a correlation between upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract problems in brachycephalic breeds with upper respiratory disease. Surgical treatment of respiratory disease could improve the digestive clinical signs, and/or gastro-oesophageal medical treatment could improve the outcome for surgically treated brachycephalic dogs.