Agenesia de incisivos laterales maxilares, tratamiento multidisciplinario / No disponible

Existe actualmente una controversia sobre cual es el tratamiento mas adecuado en la agenesia de incisivos laterales en la arcada maxilar. En concreto si se realiza una prótesis sobre implante ó si se cierra el espacio con la mesialización del canino mediante ortodoncia. Para tomar esta decisión evaluamos lo siguiente: la estética facial y de la sonrisa, las relaciones y función oclusal, el periodonto y la estabilidad. Así mismo, cuando tenemos un apiñamiento o una Clase II la tendencia es cerrar espacios, cuando aparecen diastemas o Clase III tendemos a abrir espacios para la prótesis. ¿Pero qué ocurre si existen varias alternativas? (AU)

There is some controversy as to what is the best treatment option for the agenesis of upper lateral incisors. The issue is whether to replace the missing incisor–crown on a dental implant- or to close the space with orthodontic treatment. In order to make this decision we need to evaluate: (1) facial esthetics and smile, occlusion and function, periodontal support and dental stability. In addition, when there is crowding or a Class II one tends to close the space, and when there are diastemas or a Class III one favors to create space for a prosthetic replacement. The question arises when there are several possible alternatives (AU)

Bisphosphonates and oral pathology I. General and preventive aspects.

Bisphosphonates constitute a group of drugs capable of modulating bone turnover, and reduce its remodelling when an excessive resorption occurs. This is why they are indicated in a large group of bone diseases like postmenopausal osteoporosis or osteolysis associated with breast cancer or multiple myeloma. Over the last years and due to their extensive use, many cases of complications associated with their use have been published. Among the most important possible adverse effects are the oral ones, with the appearance of ulcerations and, especially, osteonecrosis of the jaws associated with this therapy. In this paper, we have analyzed the general characteristics of these drugs and their mechanisms of action as well as the described adverse effects, especially oral and maxillofacial has been made special reference regarding the prevention of osteonecrosis of the jaws, heightened by cases described in medical and odontological literature. The preventive protocol backs up the fundamental role of the odontologist in the effective prevention of this process before, during and after the treatment.

Bisfosfonatos y Patología Oral I. Aspectos generales y preventivos / Bisphosphonates and Oral Pathology I. General and preventive aspects

Los bisfosfonatos constituyen un grupo de fármacos capaces de modular el recambio óseo y disminuir su remodelado cuando existe una reabsorción excesiva. Por ello están indicados en numerosas patologías óseas como la osteoporosis postmenopáusica o la osteolisis asociada al cáncer de mama o al mieloma múltiple. En los últimos años y a raíz de su utilización masiva se han ido publicando numerosos casos de complicaciones asociadas a su uso. Entre los posibles efectos adversos más importantes se encuentran los orales, con la aparición de ulceraciones y sobre todo los casos de osteonecrosis de los maxilares asociados a esta terapéutica. En esta revisión analizamos las características generales de estos medicamentos y su mecanismo de actuación, así como los efectos adversos descritos, especialmente los orales y maxilofaciales, haciendo una referencia especial sobre la prevención de la osteonecrosis de los maxilares, a la luz de los casos descritos en la literatura médica y odontológica. El protocolo preventivo refuerza el papel fundamental del odontólogo en la prevención efectiva de este proceso antes, durante y después del tratamiento

Bisphosphonates constitute a group of drugs capable of modulating bone turnover, and reduce its remodelling when an excessive resorption occurs. This is why they are indicated in a large group of bone diseases like postmenopausal osteoporosisor osteolisis associated with breast cancer or multiple myeloma. Over the last years and due to their extensive use, many cases of complications associated with their use have been published. Among the most important possible adeverse effects are the oral ones, with the appearance of ulcerations and, especially, osteonecrosis of the jaws associated with this therapy. In this paper, we have analyzed the general characteristics of these drugs and their mechanisms of actionas well as the described adverse effects, especially oral and maxillofacial has been made special reference regarding the prevention of osteonecrosis of the jaws, hightened by cases described in medical and odontological literature. The preventive protocol backs up the fundamental role of the odontologist in the effective prevention of this process before, during and after the treatment

Bisphosphonates and Oral Pathology II. Osteonecrosis of the jaws: review of the literature before 2005

Los bisfosfonatos son fármacos moduladores del recambio óseo que están indicados en numerosas patologías óseas desde la osteoporosis a la osteolisis asociada a patología neoplásica. En los últimos años se han ido publicando numerososcasos de osteonecrosis de los maxilares asociada a la toma de estos medicamentos. En esta revisión se analizan los casos publicados en la literatura indexada desde el inicial del 2003 hasta diciembre del 2005. Durante este periodo se han publicado 246 casos, afectando más a las mujeres y sobre todo en la sexta década de vida. Los bisfosfonatos más frecuentemente asociados han sido los nitrogenados (pamidronato-ácido zoledrónico) y el antecedente oral más común la exodoncia. No obstante, más del 25% correspondieron a casos “espontáneos”. La localización mas frecuente fue la mandíbula y clínicamente la mayoría de los casos mostraban exposición ósea y dolor asociado. La terapéutica ha sido muy diversa con diferentes pautas antibióticas con o sin cirugía, mostrando en general un pronóstico incierto con bajos índices de curación

Bisphosphonates are bone-turnover modulating drugs which are used in the management of a number of bone diseases ranging from osteoporosis to neoplasic pathology-associated osteolysis. In the last years a number of cases of osteonecrosis of the jaws associated with these drugs have been reported. In this review we analyze the cases published in the literature indexed from 2003 to December 2005. During this period 246 cases were reported, being more frequently associated with women in the sixth decade of life. More frequently associated bisphosphonates were the nitrogenated bisphosphonates (pamidronate, zolendronic acid) and the most common oral antecedent was a dental extraction. Nevertheless more than 25% of the cases were spontaneous. The most frequent site was the mandible and most of the cases presented clinical evidence of bone exposure and pain. Different treatments have been proposed with different antibiotic therapies with or without surgery, showing in general terms an uncertain prognosis with low healing rates