Systematic Review of Literature Examining Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections in Diabetes.

This systematic review addresses the central research question, "what is known from the published, peer-reviewed literature about the impact of diabetes on the risk of bacterial urinary tract infections (UTI)?" We examine the results from laboratory studies where researchers have successfully adapted mouse models of diabetes to study the pathophysiology of ascending UTI. These studies have identified molecular and cellular effectors shaping immune defenses against infection of the diabetic urinary tract. In addition, we present evidence from clinical studies that in addition to diabetes, female gender, increased age, and diabetes-associated hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and immune impairment are important risk factors which further increase the risk of UTI in diabetic individuals. Clinical studies also show that the uropathogenic genera causing UTI are largely similar between diabetic and nondiabetic individuals, although diabetes significantly increases risk of UTI by drug-resistant uropathogenic bacteria.

Serum levels of interleukin-23 and 35 in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic periodontitis (CP) show common pathophysiological features. We investigated the serum levels of IL-23 and IL-35 in people with type 2 DM and CP. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 72 patients were divided into four equal groups: group A, participants without type 2 DM and CP; group B, patients with type 2 DM without CP; group C, patients with CP and without type 2 DM; and group D, patients with type 2 DM and CP. Demographic data were obtained and periodontal conditions including clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing, plaque index, gingival index, and probing depth was evaluated on all existing teeth. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels, hemoglobin (Hb) A1c, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were assessed. In addition, serum levels of IL-23 and 35 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The serum levels of IL-23 and 35 showed no significant differences between all groups (P>0.05). A significant positive correlation between the serum concentration of IL-23 and clinical attachment loss in the control group (r: 0.548, P=0.019) was detected. A significant negative correlation between IL-35 and the plaque index in group B (r: -0.578, P=0.012), plus significant negative correlations between IL-23 with ESR (r: -0.487, P=0.040) and CRP (r: -0.498, P=0.035) in groups C and D were also detected. CONCLUSION: Despite significant associations of serum concentration of IL-23 and 35 with certain periodontal and inflammatory indices, neither type 2 DM nor CP differentially affects serum levels of these two cytokines.

The First Report about the Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy-Induced Lactose Intolerance.

The impact of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on the lactose intolerance (LI) remains unclear. We checked 8 men and 34 women with mean body mass index (BMI) of 43.94 ± 5.89 kg/m2 for LI using hydrogen breath test and clinical examination before LSG and at 3 months postoperation. In addition to appropriate weight loss (34.30 ± 5.51 kg/m2), 1 man and 3 women, who had not LI at starting, were suffered from LI at 3 months postoperation. Among these four patients, the most and least LI was seen in women who had the lowest and highest percentage of excess BMI loss. It seems LSG can induce LI which must be monitored in postoperative follow-ups.

Enhanced Wound Healing after Leiomyoma Enucleation.

Leiomyoma is a rare esophageal tumor that constitutes less than 1% of esophageal malignancies. It should be removed when diagnosed even if asymptomatic. This study presents two cases of esophageal leiomyoma in 38 and 62 years old men who presented with dysphagia and evaluated for diagnosis and location of related tumors. Patients were clinically examined and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, chest computerized tomography scan, barium swallow and endoscopic ultrasonography were performed. The masses were diagnosed and both patients underwent 3-port right videothoracoscopic enucleation of esophageal leiomyoma with sleeve calibration tube (SCT) assistance. SCT was used to protrude out the mass from surrounding tissues. Also immunohistochemistry was done after mass enucleation. Two patients were operated routinely without any unpredictable events by help of SCT assistance. Mass size was 3.5×2.5×1 cm in one case and 1.5×1×0.5 cm in another patient. Positive smooth muscle antigen, desmin and ki67 and negative CD34, CD117 and S100 in both cases were obtained in immunohistochemistry. Patients were followed after surgery for 3 months and no complications were detected in none of them. Thoracoscopic enucleation of esophageal leiomyoma is a safe and feasible procedure which can decrease hospitalization and operation time. Based on our findings, the use of esophageal SCT help to detect smaller tumor without need of intra-operative endoscopy, facilitates separation of the tumor mass from both esophageal mucosal and muscular layers, and may prevent perforation. Finally, use of SCT makes the operation faster and safer.

Biochemical, hematological, and pathological related healing effects of Elaeagnus angustifolia hydroalcoholic extract in 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis in male golden hamster.

Oral mucositis (OM) is one of the cancer chemotherapy-related side effects which can affect the quality of life of affected patients. This study was designed to investigate the healing effect of Elaeagnus angustifolia in 5-flurouracil (5-FU)-induced OM in golden hamster. Fifty-six adult male golden hamsters received three intraperitoneal injections of 5-FU at a dose of 60 mg/kg on days 0, 5, and 10. The cheek pouch mucosa was scratched superficially under local anesthesia. Then, two horizontal scratches were made across the everted cheek pouch on days 3 and 4. All treatments were started on day 12 for equal number of animals in control group with no treatments, gel base group that was treated with carboxy methyl cellulose as gel base which used in preparation of the topical gel, topical gel group that used gel containing 10% hydroalcoholic extract of E. angustifolia (HEEA) topically, and dietary group which was treated with 300 mg/kg HEEA. At 2 and 5 days after treatment, blood and pouch tissue sampling were done and analyzed for blood composition, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities plus histopathological evaluations. Both topically and orally HEEA-treated groups showed a significant relief in OM compared to the control and base gel groups. However, the systemic form had higher efficiency in some parts especially decreasing the MPO (0.27 ± 0.17 vs. 0.56 ± 0.17 IU/L) and increasing SOD (6.46 ± 0.15 vs. 5.36 ± 0.18 IU/L) activities in pouch tissue in comparison to topical form mostly at 5 days after treatment. It seems that hydroalcoholic extract of E. angustifolia can be used as an appropriate drug choice for the treatment of oral mucositis based on its healing stimulatory and anti-inflammatory properties.

Metabolic and endocrine effects of bisphenol A exposure in market seller women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the synthetic monomer which can be found in the environment. Limited animal and human studies have demonstrated that BPA alters endocrine and or metabolic functions. The aims of the present study were to evaluate serum BPA level in marketing seller women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hormonal and metabolic effects of this exposure compared to a control paired group. In a case-control study, 62 PCOS women who work as marketing sellers and 62 healthy women with similar jobs were included. The two groups were body mass index (BMI)- and age-matched. Serum samples were analyzed for BPA content, fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL and LDL levels, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration, and LH:FSH ratio. Significant higher serum BPA content (0.48 ± 0.08 vs. 0.16 ± 0.04 ng/ml), triglyceride (103.05 ± 13.10 vs. 91.65 ± 12.52 mg/dl), cholesterol (165.05 ± 10.79 vs. 161.21 ± 10.31 mg/dl) levels and LH:FSH ratio (3.64 ± 0.86 vs. 0.62 ± 0.14) and significant lower TSH concentration (1.56 ± 0.68 vs. 2.15 ± 1.09 IU/ml) were detected in case against control group, respectively (P < 0.05). No significant differences were detected in FBS, LDL, and HDL levels between the two groups. Also, there were no significant associations between serum TSH concentration and BPA level neither in case (P = 0.269) nor in control (P = 0.532) groups. In BPA-exposed PCOS women, BPA level was higher than healthy women and this difference maybe the cause of significant differences in levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, TSH, and LH:FSH ratio. These observations confirm the potential role of BPA in PCOS pathophysiology.

Effects of Simple and Microencapsulated Lactobacillus acidophilus With or Without Inulin on the Broiler Meat Quality Infected by Avian Influenza Virus (H9N2).

The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of simple and microencapsulated Lactobacillus acidophilus as probiotic with or without inulin as prebiotic on meat quality of broiler infected by avian influenza virus (H9N2). Two hundred-day-old chicks were randomly allocated into 14 groups based on simple, microencapsulated probiotic and prebiotic and based on vaccination and challenge with H9N2 virus. Groups 1-7 contained 20 chicks, and groups 8-12 and 14 contained 10 chicks. Group 13 was derived from group 1 with 10 chicks at challenge day with avian influenza virus (AIV). Half of the groups were vaccinated by H9N2 vaccine on day 5. All groups except the negative control and positive vaccine control were challenged with 106.5 EID50 of low-virulence H9N2 AIV at day 21. Each bird was received 109 CFU of simple or microencapsulated probiotic on days 0 and 17 by gavage. Prebiotic as dose as 0.1 % of feed weight was used daily. Increase in water-holding capacity, dry matter, ash and protein content, and decrease in dripping loss plus beneficial changes in lightness and redness of breast meat were detected in response to probiotic especially microencapsulated synbiotic. In conclusion, probiotic alone or with prebiotic was able to improve the physicochemical properties of chicken breast muscle in both healthy and AIV-infected chickens.

Surgical treatment of bumblefoot in a captive golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos).

The golden eagle is one of the world's largest living birds. Footpad dermatitis, also known as plantar pododermatitis or bumblefoot, is a condition characterized by lesions due to contact with unhealthy "perching" conditions, such as plastic perches, sharp-cornered perches on the ventral footpad of birds. A young female golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) in Fars province of Iran was presented to veterinary clinics of Shiraz University with clinical signs of lameness. The bird was examined clinically and a variety of complementary diagnostic procedures such as blood analysis, X-ray and bacteriological culture were performed. Then a surgical method was pick out for removing of scab, pus and necrotic tissues from abscess on the plantar aspect of bird's feet and healing the skin of area. After surgery, specific bandage, systemic antibiotics and vitamins were used. Corynebacterium, a gram negative bacterium, was isolated in the pus from the abscess. After the surgical operation, swelling in the digital pad reduced, the skin of pad healed and the signs of lameness vanished. To prevent developing bumblefoot, good bedding for proper "perching" conditions is necessary. Additionally, vitamin therapy to promote a healthy integument is advised.