Relationship of collagen as the component of the extracellular matrix with the mechanisms of autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system under simulated conditions of long-term isolation.

The study of proteins - potential markers, associated signal transduction pathways, and their targets - provides a new understanding of the fundamental mechanisms occurring at the level of regulatory processes in the cardiovascular system (CVS), especially in space flight, as well as in model experiments that reproduce its individual effects on the human body. The article presents the results of studies in an experiment with 120-day isolation within the framework of the SIRIUS project in which 6 volunteers aged 28 to 44 years (three men and three women) participated. SIRIUS (Scientific International Research in Unique Terrestrial Station) is the international research project, which studies the issues of biomedical and psychological support of long-term manned space flights. The possible involvement of collagen different types, an extracellular matrix protein, in the mechanisms of autonomic regulation of the CVS was studied. Using chromatic mass spectrometry in urine samples and analysis of heart rate variability, we have established that the extracellular matrix collagen, which is present, in particular, in the structure of the blood vessel wall, are markers associated with the modulating effect of the autonomic nervous system on the regulatory mechanisms of blood circulation. We hypothesized that these proteins may be a biomarker of the autonomic balance in the regulatory mechanisms of the circulatory system. In addition, these proteins can also be markers of the aging process, which increases the risks of developing autonomic dysfunction of the cardiovascular system (dominance of sympathicotonia) and changes in the quality of the tissue of the heart muscle and blood vessels, provoking the development of prenosological conditions and diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Surface plasmon-polaritons in graphene, embedded into medium with gain and losses.

The paper deals with the theoretical consideration of surface plasmon-polaritons in the graphene monolayer, embedded into dielectric with spatially separated gain and losses. It is demonstrated, that presence of gain and losses in the system leads to the formation of additional mode of graphene surface plasmon-polaritons, which does not have its counterpart in the conservative system. When the gain and losses are mutually balanced, the position of exceptional point-transition point between unbroken and broken [Formula: see text]-symmetry-can be effectively tuned by graphene's doping. In the case of unbalanced gain and losses the spectrum of surface plasmon-polaritons contains spectral singularity, whose frequency is also adjustable through the electrostatic gating of graphene.

Mitochondria-Targeted Plastoquinone Antioxidant SkQR1 Has Positive Effect on Memory of Rats.

A single intraperitoneal injection to rats of the mitochondria-targeted plastoquinone antioxidant SkQR1 at dose 1 µmol/kg significantly improved reproduction by the rats of the passive avoidance conditional reflex. In vitro experiments on hippocampal slices showed that a single intraperitoneal injection of SkQR1 24 h before the preparation of the slice significantly increases the synaptic transmission efficiency of the pyramidal neurons of the CA1 field. The findings indicate that SkQR1 has a positive effect on memory processes.

[Hydrocarbons and fatty acid methyl esters in bacterial biomass before and after physicochemical treatment].

Hydrocarbons and fatty acid methyl esters were identified by chromatography-mass spectrometry in the extracts from the native biomass of bacteria: chemoorganoheterotrophic Arthrobacter sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and chemolithoautotrophic Carboxydothermus sp. Ultrasound treatment of bacterial biomass and mild thermolysis were shown promote formation of a broad spectrum of hydrocarbons from bacterial biomass. The biomarker stigmastane belonging to the sterane group was found in P. aeruginosa biomass after thermolysis at 110 degrees C in an open vial. Alkane composition in P. aeruginosa biomass before and after thermolysis at 300 degrees C in a sealed container remained unchanged, indicating the possibility of preservation of hydrocarbons of bacterial origin in sealed layers under high temperature and elevated pressure.

The involvement of sigma1 receptors in donepezil-induced rescue of hippocampal LTP impaired by beta-amyloid peptide.

Donepezil is a potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Additional therapeutically relevant target for donepezil is sigma1 receptor (Sig1-R). Beta-amyloid peptide (Aß) is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. In our previous work (Kapai et al., 2012), we have shown that donepezil antagonizes the suppressive action of Aß(1-42) on long-term potentiation (LTP) in rat hippocampal slices. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether Sig1-R is involved into the mechanisms of donepezil action. For this purpose, we have tested whether agonist of Sig1-R PRE-084 mimics, and antagonist of Sig1-R haloperidol abolishes the effect of donepezil. Population spikes (PSs) were recorded from the pyramidal layer of the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices. Drugs were applied by addition to the perfusate starting 15 min before and ending 5 min after the tetanus. In the control group, the amplitude of PS 30 min post-tetanus reached 153±10%. Aß (200 nM) markedly suppressed the LTP magnitude or even caused the suppression of baseline PS (82±8%, P<0.001). This suppression of LTP could be markedly prevented when 1 µM donepezil was co-administered with Aß (136±11%, P<0.05). Further, we co-administered three substances: Aß, donepezil and 0.5 µM haloperidol and have found that haloperidol antagonized the stimulating effect of donepezil on LTP (92±6%, P<0.05). Agonist of Sig1-R PRE-084 (0.1-10 µM) enhanced control LTP and abolished the inhibitory effect of Aß on LTP in a concentration-dependent manner. The amplitude of PS 30 min post-tetanus reached 183±7% (P<0.01) for 10 µM PRE-084. The results suggest that activation of Sig1-R is involved into the mechanisms of donepezil-induced rescue of hippocampal LTP impaired by Aß.

[Submerged cultivation and chemical composition of Hericium erinaceus mycelium].

Submerged cultivation of Hericium erinaceus in various media was studied. The yield of the biomass was shown to depend mainly on the carbon source, whereas the content of water soluble polysaccharides depended mainly on the nitrogen source. The optimal medium composition provided the biomass yield of 21-23 g/l in 7 days. The biomass was characterized by the content of total protein, lipids and carbohydrates. In addition, the amino acid composition of the biomass was determined and shown to meet all the requirements of FAO/WHO concerning the amounts of essential amino acids (with exception of tryptophane). Oleinic and linoleic acids were identified as the main components of the fatty acids. Two water soluble polysaccharide fractions differing in solubility in aqueous ethanol were isolated and shown to contain rhamnose, fucose, xylose, glucose and galactose in different proportions. Vitamins B1, B2, B6, PP and E, ergosterol and coenzyme Q were also detected in the biomass of H. erinaceus.

In vivo injected mitochondria-targeted plastoquinone antioxidant SkQR1 prevents ß-amyloid-induced decay of long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal slices.

Addition of 200 nM ß-amyloid 1-42 (Abeta) to a rat hippocampal slice impairs the induction of a long-term post-tetanic potentiation (LTP) of population spike (PS) in pyramidal neurons of the CA1 field of hippocampus. Intraperitoneal injection into the rat of the mitochondria-targeted plastoquinone derivative SkQR1 (1 µmol/kg of weight given 24 h before the slices were made) abolishes the deleterious effect of Abeta on LTP. These data demonstrate that SkQR1 therapy is able to compensate the Abeta-induced impairments of long-term synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, which are the main cause of loss of memory and other cognitive functions associated with Alzheimer's disease.

[Examining the relationship between the electrophoretic mobility of peripheral red blood cells and their sedimentation rate in patients with hemophilia].

The correlation between the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and the electrophoretic mobility (EPM) of red blood cells in patients with hemophilia was studied due to the data available in the literature, showing an inverse relation. Anticoagulant-stabilized venous blood was a material to be tested. Patients with severe hemophilia A or B (factor VIII/IX < 1%; the normal values were 50-200%) were examined. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) those with an exacerbation of hemorrhagic syndrome and 2) those without an exacerbation. The patients with hemophilia with an exacerbation of the hemorrhagic syndrome showed a certain correlation between ESR and EPM, yielding two type of curves, which corresponded to two subgroups of patients. There was no correlation between EPM and ESR in the no-exacerbation group.

[Morphometry and electrophoretic mobility of red blood cells from patients with asthma in the intravenous blood laser irradiation].

The morphometry and electrophoretic mobility of red blood cells from patients with infection-dependent asthma were comparatively studied prior to and following treatment. The patients who had underwent intravenous laser irradiation of blood (ILIB) in addition to conventional therapy had better morphofunctional parameters of red blood cells, by restoring their normal forms, decreasing their transitional ones, and increasing their electrophoretic mobility to normal values. Those who received traditional drug therapy showed no considerable morphofunctional changes of erythrocytes. Thus, in asthmatic patients, the changes in the morphology and function of red blood cells may suggest their membranous structural changes for whose correction ILIB should used.

[Determination of the electrophoretic mobility of peripheral red blood cells from healthy individuals, by using ethylene-2-amine-4-chloroacetic acid as a preservative].

It is now known that the electric charge of a surface cellular membrane is a rather characteristic value for each type of a cell. Cellular electrophoresis may be used to study the electrokinetic properties of red blood cells in each specific case, thereby obtaining indirect information on the state of a surface membrane as the electrophoretic mobility (EPM) rate is directly proportional to the value of a cellular electric charge. The study was undertaken to compare the EPM rates of peripheral red blood cells from donors, by employing two different preservatives: EDTCHA and sodium citrate. No statistically significant differences were found in the groups under study and these parameters were comparable.

The SUI-homologous translation initiation factor eIF-1 is involved in regulation of ion homeostasis in rice.

Halophytes survive high salinity by using complex adaptive mechanisms. In a search for novel molecular mechanisms involved in salt acclimation, transcript analyses revealed increased expression of a SUI-homologous translation initiation factor eIF-1 in the salt-tolerant grass species Festuca rubra ssp. littoralis but not in rice. Upon analysis of the cell specificity of eIF-1 transcription by in situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR), predominant signals were detected in rice leaf mesophyll. To further examine the role of eIF-1 in salt tolerance, transgenic rice plants were generated that over-express this factor under the control of the CaMV-35S promoter. The eIF-1 over-expressing lines showed improved growth under salt stress that was correlated with maintenance of photosynthetic activity and reduced Na(+) and Cl(-) accumulation in leaves. The transgenic rice lines also activated expression of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase. In addition, an oxidoreductase that belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family was identified as a gene with modified expression in the eIF-1 over-expressing lines, compared with wild-type rice. Our data suggest that eIF-1 has a central function in salt-stress adaptation in rice by regulating ion accumulation and the intracellular redox status.

[Abdominoplasty during operations for ventral hernias].

Anatomic cadavers studies have shown the necessity of one-stage abdominoplasty during herniotomy for ventral hernias. An original method of hernioplasty was developed. It is demonstrated that abdominoplasty in all the cases reduces tension of tissues with maximal effect in defects of the anterior abdominal wall from 32 to 150 cm(2) and subcutaneous fat thickness more than 3 cm.

[Clinical significance of intracellular cytokines in patients with yersiniosis].

AIM: To evaluate clinical value of intracellular content of interferon-gamma (If-g), IL-2 and IL-4 in different forms of yersiniosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The number of If-g, IL-2 and IL-4 producing cells was estimated in 35 patients with generalized (n = 21, group 1) and secondary-focal (n = 14, group 2) forms of yersiniosis. RESULTS: The control over the number of If-g, IL-2 and IL-4 producing cells in the blood enables valid prognosis of the course and outcome of yersiniosis. CONCLUSION: Pathological processes developing in acute yersiniosis are based on interleukin-dependent immunopathology.

[Magnetic resonance relaxometry of serum in patients with different forms of cellulitis in the dynamics of the disease]. / Magnitnaia rezonansnaia relaksometriia syvorotki krovi u bol'nykh s razlichnymi formami rozhi v dinamike bolezni.

AIM: To study the time of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of spin-lattice serum relaxation (T1) in the dynamics of an infectious process in patients with different forms of erysipelas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 37 patients with different clinical forms of erysipelas were examined in the acute period of the disease and in the early period of convalescence. RESULTS: A statistically significant increase in T1 NMR was ascertained in patients with bullous hemorrhagic erysipelas as compared with those with erythematous form. CONCLUSION: Pronounced changes in the functional status of serum in patients with hemorrhagic forms of erysipelas are of great importance in the development of the local hemorrhagic syndrome.

[Evaluation of NMR relaxation method as a diagnostic tool for donor blood analysis and patients with hematologic diseases and burns]. / Otsenka diagnosticheskikh vozmozhnostei metoda IaMR-relaksatsii pri analize krovi donorov, gematologicheskikh i ozhogovykh bol'nykh.

Diagnostic value of the NMR-relaxation method in the blood plasma was estimated in the patients with different pathologies. The time of hydrogen nuclei longitudinal relaxation (T1) in the health donors of the blood, in the patients with oncopathology (hemoblastoses) and in the cases with anemia and burning disease were investigated. The time of the longitudinal relaxation (T1) was measured by automated NMR-relaxometer "Palma" (Russia). The working frequency was equal to 35 MHz, the temperature was 45 +/- 0.1 degrees C. For the single measurement 0.2 ml of blood obtained from heparinized venous blood 1.5 hours after its taking was used. The time of the longitudinal relaxation (T1) was shown to be 1.78 +/- 0.02 in the health donors, 1.70 +/- 0.06 s in cases with anemia, 1.97 +/- 0.48 c in patients with leucosis, 2.40 +/- 0.12 s in patients with burns. The sensitivity and the specificity of diagnostics of leucosis based upon the results of the only single T1 measurement in blood plasma were concluded to be 75%. It proves the significant T1 change both in patients with anemia and burning disease of the II-III degree. However it is evidently insufficient for selective use of NMR-relaxation blood plasma (serum) in the diagnostics of anemia and leucosis. The data obtained prove also the possibility of use of NMR-relaxation blood plasma (serum) for control of the hemostasis state during treatment or remission.

[Characteristics of NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase functioning in pea leaves during salt stress]. / Nekotorye osobennosti funktsionirovaniia NADF-izotsitratdegidrogenazy list'ev gorokha pri solevom stresse.

In pea seedlings transferred to a medium containing 3% NaCl, NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-IDH) activity in leaves increased more than twofold during the first hour, decreased, and increased again (approximately 1.5 times) by the 14th hour of exposure. Some catalytic and regulatory properties of NADP-IDH were studied using enzyme preparations purified from normal plants and plants exposed to salt stress. The results showed that Km for NADP-IDH in reactions with isocitrate and NADP decreased under stress by factors of 2 and 3, respectively. Specific features of enzyme activity regulation by citrate and trans-aconitate under these conditions were revealed. The inhibitory effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and 2-oxoglutarate on NADP-IDH from plants exposed to salt stress was stronger than that on the enzyme from normal plants. Glutamine and glutamate slightly activated the enzyme in both cases.

[Dynamics of erythrocyte electrophoretic mobility in patients with various forms of erysipelas]. / Elektrophoreticheskaia podvizhnost' éritrotsitov u bol'nykh s razlichnymi formami rozhi v dinamike bolezni.

AIM: To study electrophoretic mobility (EM) of erythrocytes in the course of various forms of erysipelas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 78 patients with various erysipelas clinical forms were examined in the disease acute period and early in convalescence. RESULTS: EM of erythrocytes was significantly higher in hemorrhagic forms of erysipelas vs an erythematous form. CONCLUSION: Manifest changes in functional condition of erythrocytic membranes in patients with erythematous-hemorrhagic and bullous-hemorrhagic forms of erysipelas play an important part in the development of local hemorrhagic syndrome.