Personas mayores, dependencia y vulnerabilidad en la pandemia por coronavirus: emergencia de una integración social y sanitaria / Elderly people, dependency and vulnerability in the coronavirus pandemic: an emergency for a social and health integration

La pandemia actual por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) afecta con mayor incidencia y gravedad a las personas mayores en todo el mundo. En España, el 68% del total de hospitalizaciones por coronavirus, corresponden a mayores de 60 años. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo incrementar la evidencia sobre las medidas a implementar con directrices actuales y futuras en diferentes escenarios. Destaca la necesidad de prepararnos para la acción mediante la implementación de protocolos de carácter internacional. Existe una tendencia hacia la atención biopsicosocial de las personas mayores en todos los entornos donde se encuentran, adecuando la atención y personalizando decisiones de ingresos hospitalarios, cuidados paliativos, atendiendo, entre otros criterios, a los años ajustados a la calidad de vida, así como alternativas para el monitoreo y tratamiento de la patología por COVID-19 y otras ya existentes. Son necesarias medidas de reducción de la transmisión del virus a través de la higiene y el distanciamiento, atendiendo a la salud biopsicosocial de los mayores aislados. Como alternativas innovadoras se propone la comunicación intersectorial, y el uso de herramientas tecnológicas, acompañado de una adecuada alfabetización digital en salud. Las líneas futuras se centran en garantizar los derechos sociales y sanitarios, equiparando al mismo nivel el sistema social y de salud, y consiguiendo una coordinación real. Un nuevo marco de atención centrada en la persona podría ser un gran aliado para conseguir una atención integrada a los mayores, guiada por un aumento de los recursos destinados a la financiación de proyectos de investigación sobre longevidad

The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (COVID-19) is affecting elderly people worldwide with greater incidence and severity. In Spain, 68% of all coronavirus hospitalizations correspond to those over 60 years of age. This work aims to highlight the evidence about the measures to be implemented through current and future guidelines. The need to prepare for action by implementing international protocols stand out. There is a trend towards biopsychosocial care of elderly people in all settings where they are, adapting care and personalizing decisions on hospital admissions, palliative care, among other criteria, to years adjusted to quality of life, as well as alternatives for monitoring and treatment of COVID-19 pathology and others existing in this population group. Measures to reduce the transmission of the virus through hygiene and social distancing are necessary, attending to biopsychosocial health of the elderly isolated. Intersectoral communication is proposed as innovative alternatives, and the use of technological tools, accompanied by adequate digital health literacy. Future lines focus on guaranteeing social and health rights, equating the social and health system at the same level, and achieving real coordination. A new framework of person-centered care could be a great ally to achieve integrated care for the elderly, guided by an increase in resources bound to funding longevity research projects

Eventos adversos: riesgo para la salud de pacientes y profesionales de Enfermería / Adverse events: A health risk for patients and Nursing professionals

Objetivo: analizar la producción científica acerca de los motivos y consecuencias de la aparición de eventos adversos en la práctica enfermera. Método: revisión narrativa en las bases de datos Pubmed, Scopus, Dialnet y Cinahl. Se establecieron como criterios de inclusión: publicación en los últimos cinco años; idioma inglés, español y portugués. La selección de artículos se realizó de manera independiente por dos investigadores. Las variables analizadas en los documentos seleccionados fueron: eventos adversos, ambiente laboral, motivos y consecuencias en los profesionales de Enfermería y complicaciones. Resultados: se obtuvieron 784 artículos de los cuales se seleccionaron finalmente 16. Los resultados se agruparon en cuatro categorías: eventos adversos relacionados con la práctica enfermera, notificación de los eventos adversos e incentivos para su registro, condiciones laborales que afectan a la seguridad clínica y consecuencias que provocan los eventos adversos en los profesionales de Enfermería. Conclusiones: las inadecuadas condiciones laborales, como una elevada presión laboral, conllevan que se tomen decisiones aceleradas y aumente las probabilidades de errar. Estas circunstancias, unidas a la falta de confianza para notificar y el miedo a las consecuencias, provocan un importante impacto físico y emocional. En hospitales donde se escucha a los pacientes en la toma de decisiones y existe una adecuada comunicación entre todos los miembros del equipo, hay una reducción significativa de eventos adversos. Mejorar los ambientes laborales y aumentar la confianza a través de evidencias positivas tras el registro es fundamental para fomentar la notificación y, por tanto, la seguridad clínica en las instituciones

Objectives: to analyze the scientific production about the reasons and consequences of the development of adverse events in Nursing practice. Method: a narrative review on the Pubmed, Scopus, Dialnet and Cinahl databases. The following inclusion criteria were determined: publication in the past five years; English, Spanish and Portuguese languages. Article selection was conducted independently by two researchers. The variables analyzed in the documents selected were: adverse events, occupational setting, reasons and consequences on Nursing professionals, and complications. Results: the search generated 784 articles, out of which 16 were finally selected. Results were grouped into four categories: adverse events associated with nursing practice, adverse event reporting and incentives for their notification, working conditions with impact on clinical safety, and consequences of the adverse events in Nursing professionals. Conclusions: inadequate working conditions, such as high work pressure, lead to making rushed decisions, with an increased likelihood of mistakes. These circumstances, together with lack of confidence for reporting and fear of consequences, cause a major physical and emotional impact. In those hospitals where patients are listened to in terms of decision making and there is an adequate communication between all team members, there is a significant reduction in adverse events. An improvement in working settings and an increase in confidence through positive evidence after notification will be essential in order to encourage reporting and, therefore, clinical safety in the institutions

Interventions to improve working conditions of nursing staff in acute care hospitals: Scoping review.

AIM: To conduct a scoping review to examine and map the interventions proposed for the improvement of the working conditions of nursing staff in acute care hospitals. BACKGROUND: The Registered Nurse Forecasting (RN4CAST) project and other studies have determined the impact that the nursing staff has on the quality of care. The nursing staff's higher levels of burnout, job dissatisfaction and negative perception of the quality of care provided caused worse health outcomes. METHODS: A scoping review was carried out. By searching in SCOPUS, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, Dialnet and in the grey literature, 705 potentially relevant papers were identified. The final analysis included 21 papers and three grey documents. RESULTS: The studies analysed proposed interventions at the macro-management, meso-management and micro-management levels, although the interventions at the macro- and meso-levels produce better staff outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this review can be applied to management at different levels: measures to improve the patient-nurse ratio at the macro-management level, the horizontal hierarchies at the meso-management level, the mind-body techniques at the micro-management level. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nurse managers and leaders should implement interventions at different organisational levels to improve the working conditions of the nursing staff and other health outcomes.

¿Cómo mejorar la visibilidad de la investigación enfermera española? Publicaciones de referencia e índices de calidad / How to improve the visibility of Spanish research in nursing? Reference journals and quality indexes

Las investigaciones finalizan cuando los resultados son compartidos en la comunidad académica y profesional, y para ello es preciso publicarlos en revistas científicas de referencia. Pero ¿dónde deben ser publicados los resultados de las investigaciones enfermeras, teniendo en cuenta el contexto de expansión y consolidación científica de la disciplina? Para responder a esta pregunta analizaremos los beneficios y las críticas más comunes de las 2 bases de datos bibliográficas multidisciplinares más relevantes y examinaremos el contexto de las revistas españolas de Enfermería en las mismas, describiremos los sistemas de indización y realizaremos propuestas para contribuir a mejorar la visibilidad de la investigación enfermera española a través del posicionamiento de sus revistas

Research ends when the results are shared in the academic and professional community, and for this reason they need to be published in scientific journals of reference. But the question is where should the results of nursing research be published? Taking into account the expanding context and scientific consolidation of the discipline. To answer this question, an analysis will be made of the benefits and the most common criticisms of the two most important multidisciplinary literature data bases, as well as examining the context of the Spanish nursing journals in these data bases. A description will also be made of the indexing systems, as well as making proposals to contribute to improved visibility of Spanish nursing research through the positioning of its journals

[How to improve the visibility of Spanish research in nursing? Reference journals and quality indexes]. / ¿Cómo mejorar la visibilidad de la investigación enfermera española? Publicaciones de referencia e índices de calidad.

Research ends when the results are shared in the academic and professional community, and for this reason they need to be published in scientific journals of reference. But the question is where should the results of nursing research be published? Taking into account the expanding context and scientific consolidation of the discipline. To answer this question, an analysis will be made of the benefits and the most common criticisms of the two most important multidisciplinary literature data bases, as well as examining the context of the Spanish nursing journals in these data bases. A description will also be made of the indexing systems, as well as making proposals to contribute to improved visibility of Spanish nursing research through the positioning of its journals.

Gender differences in risk behaviors of nursing students at the University of Seville.

The importance of studying risky behaviors in youth is determined by the initiation, development, and consolidation of different behaviors at this vital stage of life. Gender, as a cross-category analysis, has become one of the most decisive factors in the study of these behaviors. The aim of our study is to analyze the role of gender in risky behaviors (sexuality, road safety, and toxin consumption) of nursing students at the University of Seville. It is an analytical, observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective study. A self-administered questionnaire (N = 220) for first-year nursing students was used. Results indicate that gender is a variable that explains, from the unequal presence of men and women in pursuing nursing degrees, the different risky behaviors they adopt. The sample shows that risky behaviors among university students who are interested in health sciences are similar to those reported by younger people in the same and different context.

[G_Clinic questionnaire to assess job satisfaction in the clinical management units, Spain]. / Construcción y validación del cuestionario G_Clinic para medir la satisfacción laboral en profesionales de enfermería de las unidades de gestión clínica.

BACKGROUND: Job satisfaction of nurses is a determinant factor in the quality and organizational adaptation of clinical management models in the current socio-economic context. The aim of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire to measure job satisfaction of nurses in the Clinical Management Units in the Andalusian Public Health System. METHODS: Clinimetric and cross-sectional study with a sample of 314 nurses of two university hospitals from Seville. Nurses were surveyed in 2011, from March to June. We used the Font Roja questionnaire adapted to our study variables. We performed analyses of correlations, reliability and construct validity, using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the a priori model. RESULTS: The end questionnaire consists of 10 items, whose internal consistency was 0.75, with a percentage of variance explaining of 63.67%. CFA confirmed 4 dimensions (work environment, work relationships, motivation, and recognition): significant χ2 (p < .001); χ2/gl = 2.013; GFI= 0.958, RMR = 0.055 y RMSEA = 0.057; AGFI = 0.927, NFI = 0.878, TLI = 0.902, CFI =0.933 e IFI = 0.935; AIC = 132.486 y ECVI = 0.423. CONCLUSION: This new questionnaire (G_Clinic) improves clinimetric values of the Font Roja questionnaire, because it reduces the number of items, improves the reliability of the dimensions, increases the value of variance explained, and allows knowing job satisfaction of nurses in clinical managementt.

Construcción y validación del cuestionario G-Clinic para medir la satisfacción laboral en profesionales de enfermería de las unidades de gestión clínica / G-Clinic Questionnaire to assess job satisfaction in the clinical management units, Spain

Fundamentos: La satisfacción laboral de los profesionales de enfermería es un factor determinante en la calidad y adaptación organizativa de los modelos de gestión clínica en el actual contexto socioeconómico. El objetivo del estudio fue construir y validar un cuestionario para conocer el nivel de satisfacción laboral de los profesionales enfermeros en las Unidades de Gestión Clínica en el Sistema Sanitario Público Andaluz. Métodos: Estudio clinimétrico y transversal, tomando como muestra a 314 profesionales de enfermería pertenecientes a los Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío y Virgen Macarena de Sevilla. Las encuestas se realizaron en 2011, entre los meses de marzo a junio. Se utilizó como base el cuestionario Font Roja adaptado a las variables de nuestra investigación. Se realizó el análisis de correlaciones, fiabilidad, validez de constructo mediante Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) y Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC) para comprobar el modelo apriorístico. Resultados: Se construyó un cuestionario con 10 ítems, cuya consistencia interna es de 0,75 con un porcentaje explicativo de la varianza del 63,67%. El AFC corroboró 4 dimensiones (clima laboral, relaciones laborales, motivación y reconocimiento): χ2 significativo (p<,001); χ2/gl=2,013; GFI=0,958, RMR=0,055 y RMSEA=0,057; AGFI=0,927, NFI=0,878, TLI=0,902, CFI=0,933 e IFI=0,935; AIC=132,486 y EC- VI=0,423. Conclusiones: Este nuevo cuestionario (G_Clinic) mejora los valores del cuestionario Font Roja, ya que disminuye el número de ítems, mejora la fiabilidad de cada una de las dimensiones, aumenta el valor de la varianza explicada y posibilita conoce la satisfacción de los profesionales de enfermería en la gestión clínica (AU)

Background: Job satisfaction of nurses is a determinant factor in the quality and organizational adaptation of clinical management models in the current socio-economic context. The aim of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire to measure job satisfaction of nurses in the Clinical Management Units in the Andalusian Public Health System. Methods: Clinimetric and cross-sectional study with a sample of 314 nurses of two university hospitals from Seville. Nurses were surveyed in 2011, from March to June. We used the Font Roja questionnaire adapted to our study variables. We performed analyses of correlations, reliability and construct validity, using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the a priori model. Results: The end questionnaire consists of 10 items, whose internal consistency was 0.75, with a percentage of variance explaining of 63.67%. CFA confirmed 4 dimensions (work environment, work relationships, motivation, and recognition): significant χ2 (p < .001); χ2/gl = 2.013; GFI= 0.958, RMR = 0.055 y RMSEA = 0.057; AGFI = 0.927, NFI = 0.878, TLI = 0.902, CFI = 0.933 e IFI = 0.935; AIC = 132.486 y ECVI = 0.423. Conclusion: This new questionnaire (G_Clinic) improves clinimetric values of the Font Roja questionnaire, because it reduces the number of items, improves the reliability of the dimensions, increases the value of variance explained, and allows knowing job satisfaction of nurses in clinical managementt (AU)

Investigación en resultados y clasificación de resultados de Enfermería. Claves para la investigación / Research outcomes and classification of nursing results. Keys for research

La investigación en resultados ha tenido un gran desarrollo en los últimos años para poder comprender mejor la efectividad y contribución de diferentes intervenciones y proveedores. Paralelamente, la Clasificación de Resultados de Enfermería (Nursing Outcomes Classification, NOC),ha tenido un avance importante, pero en este momento es necesario reflexionar sobre los retos y aportaciones que la investigación en resultados en Enfermería puede aportar en los próximos años. En el presente artículo se revisan aspectos relativos a los resultados en pacientes, cuidadores y profesionales, así como en el desempeño de los Servicios de Salud y la generación de conocimiento en investigación en resultados, además de proponer distintas líneas de investigación. La NOC es uno de los sistemas estandarizados de lenguaje con más posibilidades por explorar. Actualmente, la NOC puede contribuir a aumentar el conocimiento de los resultados "positivos" de los pacientes, cómo se distribuyen en función de características organizacionales y la aportación más innovadora es la ampliación de fronteras metodológicas en aspectos como el razonamiento diagnóstico, la valoración de pacientes o el uso de la NOC como variable de resultado en investigación. Para ello, es imprescindible la mejora de los métodos y técnicas de investigación, así como la realización de estudios a gran escala (AU)

Research outcomes have seen great development in recent years to better understand the effectiveness and contribution of different interventions and suppliers. In parallel, the Nursing Outcomes Classification(NOC), has had a breakthrough, but at this point it is necessary to reflecton the challenges and contributions that research in nursing can provide in the coming years. In this article we review aspects of the results in patients, carer givers and professionals, as well as the performance of health services and the generation of knowledge in research outcomes, besides proposing different lines of research. The NOC is one of the standardized language systems with more possibilities to be explored. Currently, the NOC can help increase awareness of the "positive" results in patients, how they are distributed according to organizational characteristics, the most innovative contribution being the extension of methodological borders in aspects such as diagnostic reasoning, the assessment of patients or using the NOC as research result variable. It is therefore essential to improve the methods and techniques of research and studies on a large scale (AU)