[The specificity of children and adolescent eating habits (data for schoolchildren in Moscow and Murmansk)].

Objective of the study is to evaluate the specificity of schoolchildren's eating behavior in the cities of Moscow and Murmansk. Dietary habits of 785 children 10-17 years old residing in two cities--Moscow (222 boys and 221 girls, 14.1 ± 1.9 years old) and Murmansk (183 and 159 correspondingly, 14.1 ± 1.8 years old)--were analyzed. The questionnaire included data on the meals ratio per day, frequency of vegetables and fruit intake, fast-food intake, hot meals, soft drinks, meat, fish and milk intake, usage of school cafeteria, regularity of breakfasts. Parents responded to questions concerning the materialsupport of family and education. It was found that more than half of schoolchildren (64.4%) had meals irregularly (3 times per day or less), only 50.9% received hot meals several times a day. Every third child (31.6%) has insufficient intake of vegetables and fruit, 11.8%--insufficient intake of meat dishes. Only 51.4% of schoolchildren consumed dairy products daily (one or several times a day). At the same time 19.5% of children used fast-food products several times a week or more often, 42.2%--carbonated drinks, and 22.7%--smoked food. Only 45.7% of schoolchildren regularly ate at school caf- eteria; 21.9% did it irregularly and 32.5%--did not attend school canteen at all. There were no significant differences between Moscow and Murmansk children as well as gender differences in the usage of school cafeteria. At the same time only 23.4% of children [26.3% in Moscow and 19.3% in Murmansk (significantly less, p = 0.032)] liked cafeteria food, 38.7% did not like and 37.9% had no certain answer. Less obese children (54.0%) have breakfast everyday than children with normal weight (75.4%, p = 0.019). Children of mothers with high and incomplete high education (89.4%) have more regular meat intake (3-4 times per week or more often) than the children of mothers with secondary, incomplete secondary and secondary special education (81.9%, p = 0.034). Schoolchildren feeding is often irregular, irrational and poorly balanced. Some of examined schoolchildren already had excessive body mass (20.7%), that may lead to metabolic and cardiovascular disturbances in young adult and mature age.

[School of the rational nutrition for children and adolescents with obesity].

The article presents the principles of the classes organizations in the school of the rational nutrition for children and adolescents with overweight and obesity, and also for their parents. The school consists of six interactive lessons, which explains the negative consequences of obesity, understand the basic principles of optimal diet. Each class has "minilections", that adapted for both children and parents and accompanied by interactive dialogues, which are attended by all family members of children who are overweight or obese. Presented own observational data for 20 families that attended school. A positive result was achieved in 15 families. The article analyzes the reasons that didn't lead to the expected result in 5 families.

[About non-specific prophylaxis of infections typical for organized groups].

Respiratory tract infections and pyodermia are typical for personnel doing military service under conscription. Risk of progression of these infections is connected with activation of carry-over of causative agents among military personnel during replacement and decrease in immunity of conscripts. Usage of medication "Karmolis Kapli" for the purpose of prophylaxis allows to reduce cases of respiratory tract infections among the military personnel. Among the military servicemen who had take "Karmolis Kapli" was noted reduction of community-acquired pneumonia, tonsillitis and pyodermia morbidity. Non-specific protective effect of medication "Karmolis Kapli" is conditioned by increase of the common resistance of the body. For the purpose of prophylaxis it is necessary to use this medication during the personnel formation before the beginning of seasonal morbidity.

[Correlation of metabolic syndrome clinical signs and genetic determinants at children with obese].

UNLABELLED: The aim of the work was to study the clinical and genetic factors at children with obese that predispose to the development of MS, and the development of algorithm for generating risk of MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two comparable age and sex groups of children--148 children with obesity and 46--with normal body weight. We assessed anthropometric indices, blood pressure (BP), lipid profile, carbohydrate metabolism, the level of uric acid. 83 children with obesity were genotyped for polymorphisms: I/D gene ACE, G-75A ApoA1, S19W ApoA5, Sstl ApoC3, E2/E3/E4 ApoE and W/R ADRB3. RESULTS: 98,0% of children had abdominal obesity. In 35,8% was identified high blood pressure. In 47,4% was diagnosed hypo-alpha cholesterolemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). In 21,0% of children was identified hyperglycemia. 25,7%were suffered from hyperuricemia. Among the genotyped children 57,0% of homo-and heterozygous carriers of D allele ACE gene had high blood pressure. More than half of the holders of 19W-allele ApoA5 (68,5%),--75A-allele of ApoA1 (56,0%), 52-allele of the gene ApoC3 (53,0%), E4-ApoE gene (85,7%), in the heterozygous state had metabolic TG and/or HDL. In 60,3% of the carriers W/W genotype of ADRB3 gene revealed a combination of hyperglycemia with hyperinsulinemia and/or TG. CONCLUSION: As a result of, aiming aimed at early detection of the major manifestations of MS clinical and genetic study was revealed stable combination of constitutional, metabolic and molecular-genetic factors. Based on these data was developed algorithm for forming groups at risk of MS and individual tactics to prevent and/or therapy.

[Role of E. coli 06 in the epidemiology of acute intestinal diseases]. / O roli E. coli 06 v épidemiologii ostrykh kishechnykh zabolevanii

The authors demonstrated the etiological role of E. coli 06 in group acute intestinal diseases with the clinical picture of food poisoning. The leading role of the food factor in the spread of this infection was established. A study was made of 64 E. coli 06 cultures isolated from the patients in group infection and from the carriers examined by various indications. The cultures produced no keratoconjunctivitis in guinea pigs. The capacity to produce enterotoxin was revealed in 2 of 5 cultures tested in experiments with the intranasal infection of albino mice.