Molar incisor hypomineralization: Prevalence and severity in schoolchildren of Puno, Peru.

CONTEXT: The prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) varies considerably around the world. South America is one of the regions with the highest prevalence. AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and severity of MIH in children residing in urban and rural areas of Puno, Peru. DESIGN: This was an observational cross-sectional study that included 404 children, aged 7-10 years old, from urban and rural public schools in Puno, Peru. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A previously calibrated examiner established the MIH diagnosis based on the index that integrates the criteria of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry and the modified index of developmental defects of enamel (mDDE index), as well as the caries experience based on the DMFT index. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The information was analyzed using descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis. RESULTS: Eighty children (19.8%) presented MIH, and the prevalence was higher in the urban area. Demarcated opacities were the most prevalent type of lesion (52.1%), followed by atypical caries lesions (36.7%). The more severe the defects, the greater their extent. Similarly, the greater the extent of tooth defects, the greater the number of teeth affected per child. Children with MIH had slightly higher rates of tooth decay experience (DMFT). However, no significant association was found between caries experience and MIH. CONCLUSIONS: The population studied showed a high prevalence of MIH, similar to other studies in South American populations. The prevalence varied among residence areas, being more prevalent in the urban area. Mild lesions were more frequent.

Generalized aggressive periodontitis in preschoolers: report of a case in a 3-1/2 year old.

UNLABELLED: Destructive forms of periodontal disease in children are uncommon. Severe periodontal destruction can be a manifestation of a systemic disease; however, in some patients, the underlying cause of increased susceptibility and early onset is still unknown. OBJECTIVE: To describe an effective therapeutic approach to GeneralizedAggressive Periodontitis (GAgP) in children, based on a 3-1/2 year-old male patient referred to the Hospital due to early loss of incisors, gingivitis, and tooth mobility in his primary dentition. Intraoral examination revealed severe gingival inflammation, dental abscesses, pathological tooth mobility, bleeding upon probing and attachment loss around several primary teeth. Dental radiographs revealed horizontal and vertical bone loss. Treatment consisted on the extraction of severely affected primary teeth, systemic antibiotics, deep scaling of remaining teeth and strict oral hygiene measures. Once the patient's periodontal condition was stabilized, function and esthetics were restored with "pedi-partials." After a follow-up period of nearly 4 years, the patient's periodontal status remains healthy, facilitating the eruption of permanent teeth. CONCLUSION: Prompt diagnosis and good treatment regimen may provide an effective therapeutic management of Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis.