Localización atípica de metástasis de carcinoma de ovario detectada con 18F-FDG PET/TC / Atypical location of metastatic ovarian carcinoma detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT

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La neuroimagen molecular en el estudio del deterioro cognitivo: contribución de la SPECT de perfusión cerebral con 99mTc-HMPAO y la 18F-FDG PET/TAC / Molecular neuroimaging in the study of cognitive impairment: contribution of the cerebral blood flow SPECT with 99mTc-HMPAO and 18F-FDG PET/CT scan

Objetivo. Analizar la perfusión cerebral y el metabolismo cerebral de glucosa en el deterioro cognitivo mediante SPECT 99mTc-HMPAO y 18F-FDG PET/TAC. Material y métodos. Se incluyeron 22 pacientes con deterioro cognitivo: 4 quejas subjetivas de memoria (QSM), 8 deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) amnésico, 5 enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) prodrómica y 5 EA. Se realizó una comparación visual de la SPECT 99mTc-HMPAO y 18F-FDG PET/TAC en cada grupo clínico. Resultados. La SPECT 99mTc-HMPAO mostró áreas de hipoperfusión en 15 pacientes y fue normal en 7. La 18F-FDG PET/TAC mostró hipometabolismo regional cerebral en 19 pacientes y fue normal en tres. La distribución de las alteraciones en la SPECT 99mTc-HMPAO y en la 18F-FDG PET/TAC fue similar en 9 pacientes (2 QSM, 2 DCL amnésico, 2 EA prodrómica y 3 EA). En 6 pacientes (1 DCL amnésico, 2 EA prodrómica y 3 EA) el hipometabolismo de FDG fue más extenso que la hipoperfusión cerebral. En 4 pacientes (1 QSM, 3 DCL amnésico) la 18F-FDG PET/TAC fue patológica con SPECT 99mTc-HMPAO normal. Ambos estudios fueron normales en tres pacientes (1 QSM, 2 DCL amnésico). Conclusión. La SPECT de perfusión cerebral 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT y la 18F-FDG PET/TAC mostraron alteraciones en la perfusión y en el metabolismo cerebral de pacientes con deterioro cognitivo, incluso en pacientes con QSM. En pacientes con SPECT de perfusión cerebral normal se puede detectar hipometabolismo cerebral de la glucosa. En algunos pacientes la extension del hipometabolismo de la FDG es mayor que la correspondiente área de hipoperfusión(AU)

Objective. The aim of this study was to analyze cerebral perfusion and glucose metabolism in patients with cognitive impairment using cerebral blood flow 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT and 18F-FDG PET/CT scans. Material and methods. Twenty-two patients with cognitive impairment were included: 4 subjective memory complaints (SMC), 8 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 5 prodromic Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 5 AD. In each clinical group, 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT and 18F-FDG PET/CT scans were performed. Results. 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT showed regions of cerebral hypoperfusion in 15 patients and was normal in 7 of the 22 patients. 18F-FDG PET/CT scan showed cerebral regional hypometabolism in 19 patients and was normal in the other 3 patients. The distribution of abnormalities on 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT and 18F-FDG PET/CT scans was similar in 9 patients (2 SMC, 2 amnestic MCI, 2 prodromic AD, and 3 AD). In 6 patients (1 amnestic MCI, 2 prodromic AD, and 3 AD), FDG hypometabolism was more extensive than the cerebral hypoperfusion. Four patients (1SMC, 3 amnestic MCI) had an abnormal 18F-FDG PET/CT scan and normal 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT. There were 3 patients (1 SMC 2, amnestic MCI) with normal 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT and 18F-FDG PET/CT scans. Conclusion. 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT and 18F-FDG PET/CT scans showed cerebral hypoperfusion and hypometabolism in patients with cognitive impairment, even in patients with clinical diagnosis of SMC. In patients with a normal cerebral blood flow SPECT, brain glucose cerebral hypometabolism can be detected. In some patients, the extension of FDG hypometabolism is more pronounced than that corresponding to the hypoperfusion area(AU)

[Molecular neuroimaging in the study of cognitive impairment: contribution of the cerebral blood flow SPECT with 99mTc-HMPAO and 18F-FDG PET/CT scan]. / La neuroimagen molecular en el estudio del deterioro cognitivo: contribución de la SPECT de perfusión cerebral con 99mTc-HMPAO y la 18F-FDG PET/TAC.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze cerebral perfusion and glucose metabolism in patients with cognitive impairment using cerebral blood flow (99m)Tc-HMPAO SPECT and (18)F-FDG PET/CT scans. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients with cognitive impairment were included: 4 subjective memory complaints (SMC), 8 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 5 prodromic Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 5 AD. In each clinical group, (99m)Tc-HMPAO SPECT and (18)F-FDG PET/CT scans were performed. RESULTS: (99m)Tc-HMPAO SPECT showed regions of cerebral hypoperfusion in 15 patients and was normal in 7 of the 22 patients. (18)F-FDG PET/CT scan showed cerebral regional hypometabolism in 19 patients and was normal in the other 3 patients. The distribution of abnormalities on (99m)Tc-HMPAO SPECT and (18)F-FDG PET/CT scans was similar in 9 patients (2 SMC, 2 amnestic MCI, 2 prodromic AD, and 3 AD). In 6 patients (1 amnestic MCI, 2 prodromic AD, and 3 AD), FDG hypometabolism was more extensive than the cerebral hypoperfusion. Four patients (1SMC, 3 amnestic MCI) had an abnormal (18)F-FDG PET/CT scan and normal (99m)Tc-HMPAO SPECT. There were 3 patients (1 SMC 2, amnestic MCI) with normal (99m)Tc-HMPAO SPECT and (18)F-FDG PET/CT scans. CONCLUSION: (99m)Tc-HMPAO SPECT and (18)F-FDG PET/CT scans showed cerebral hypoperfusion and hypometabolism in patients with cognitive impairment, even in patients with clinical diagnosis of SMC. In patients with a normal cerebral blood flow SPECT, brain glucose cerebral hypometabolism can be detected. In some patients, the extension of FDG hypometabolism is more pronounced than that corresponding to the hypoperfusion area.

Evaluación de la gammagrafía ósea y la 18F-FDG PET/TAC en las metástasis óseas del cáncer de pulmón / Evaluation of bone scintigraphy and 18F-FDG PET/CT in bone metastases of lung cancer patients

Objetivo. Comparar los hallazgos de la gammagrafía ósea (GO) y la gammagrafía PET/TAC con FDG (FDG PET/TAC) en la detección de metástasis óseas en el cáncer de pulmón. Material y métodos. Se estudió a 32 pacientes con cáncer de pulmón que fueron sometidos a una GO y una FDG PET/TAC en un periodo de tiempo de 15,9±18,6 días. Los resultados de ambas técnicas se compararon con la histología, cuando estuvo disponible, con técnicas estructurales radiológicas y con el seguimiento clínico. En 30 pacientes se llegó a un diagnóstico definitivo de los hallazgos gammagráficos. En 2 pacientes no se obtuvo diagnóstico final. Resultados. La GO fue positiva en 25/30 pacientes (83,3%) y negativa en 5 pacientes. La FDG PET/TAC fue positiva en 21/30 pacientes (710%) y negativa en 9. La GO y la FDG PET/TAC fueron positivas en 19/30 pacientes (63,3%). En 6 de los 19, ambas técnicas mostraron igual número de lesiones óseas. En 10 de los 19, la FDG PET/TAC mostró mayor número de metástasis óseas que la GO. En 3 de los 19 pacientes la GO mostró más lesiones que la FDG PET/TAC. En 2/30 pacientes (6,6%), la GO fue normal y la FDG PET/TAC demostró lesiones óseas confirmadas como metástasis. En 6/30 pacientes (20%) la FDG PET/TAC fue negativa y la GO positiva. La GO y la FDG PET/TAC fueron normales en 3/30 pacientes (10%). Conclusión. En pacientes con cáncer de pulmón, la FDG PET/TAC detecta un mayor número de lesiones óseas metastásicas que la GO. Asimismo identifica metástasis óseas en GO negativas. En nuestra experiencia, cuando la GO fue positiva y la FDG PET/TAC negativa las lesiones observadas estuvieron en su mayoría relacionadas con procesos óseos degenerativos y fracturas. En la práctica clínica la FDG PET/TAC y la GO tienen un papel complementario en la valoración ósea de los pacientes con cáncer de pulmón(AU)

Objective. To compare the bone scintigraphy (BS) findings and PET/CT scintigraphy with FDG (FDG PET/CT) in the detection of bone metastases in lung cancer. Material and methods. We studied 32 patients with lung cancer who underwent FDG PET/CT and BS in a period of 15.9±18.6 days. The results of both techniques were compared with the histology, where available, radiological structural techniques and the clinical follow-up. In 30 patients, a definitive diagnosis was reached with the scintigraphic findings. No final diagnosis was obtained in 2 patients. Results. BS was positive in 25/30 patients (83.3%) and negative in 5 patients. FDG PET/CT was positive in 21/30 patients (70%) and negative in 9. The BS and the FDG PET/CT were positive in 19/30 patients (63.3%) for the detection of bone metastases. In 6/19, both techniques showed the same number of bone lesions. In 10/19, FDG PET/CT showed a greater number of bone metastases than BS. In 3/19 patients, BS showed more lesions than FDG PET/CT and in 2/30 patients (6.6%), the BS was normal and the FDG PET/CT showed bone lesions which were confirmed as metastasis. In 6/30 patients (20%), the FDG PET/CT was negative and the BS was positive. BS and FDG PET/CT scan were normal in 3/30 patients (10%). Conclusions. In patients with lung cancer, FDG PET/CT scan detected more metastatic bone lesions than BS. It also identified bone metastasis in negative BS. In our experience, when the BS was positive and the FDG PET/CT scan was negative, the lesions observed were mostly related with degenerative bone conditions and bone fractures. In the clinical practice, the FDG PET/CT and BS have a complementary role for the assessment of bone status in lung cancer patients(AU)

[Evaluation of bone scintigraphy and (18)F-FDG PET/CT in bone metastases of lung cancer patients]. / Evaluación de la gammagrafía ósea y la (18)F-FDG PET/TAC en las metástasis óseas del cáncer de pulmón.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the bone scintigraphy (BS) findings and PET/CT scintigraphy with FDG (FDG PET/CT) in the detection of bone metastases in lung cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 32 patients with lung cancer who underwent FDG PET/CT and BS in a period of 15.9±18.6 days. The results of both techniques were compared with the histology, where available, radiological structural techniques and the clinical follow-up. In 30 patients, a definitive diagnosis was reached with the scintigraphic findings. No final diagnosis was obtained in 2 patients. RESULTS: BS was positive in 25/30 patients (83.3%) and negative in 5 patients. FDG PET/CT was positive in 21/30 patients (70%) and negative in 9. The BS and the FDG PET/CT were positive in 19/30 patients (63.3%) for the detection of bone metastases. In 6/19, both techniques showed the same number of bone lesions. In 10/19, FDG PET/CT showed a greater number of bone metastases than BS. In 3/19 patients, BS showed more lesions than FDG PET/CT and in 2/30 patients (6.6%), the BS was normal and the FDG PET/CT showed bone lesions which were confirmed as metastasis. In 6/30 patients (20%), the FDG PET/CT was negative and the BS was positive. BS and FDG PET/CT scan were normal in 3/30 patients (10%). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with lung cancer, FDG PET/CT scan detected more metastatic bone lesions than BS. It also identified bone metastasis in negative BS. In our experience, when the BS was positive and the FDG PET/CT scan was negative, the lesions observed were mostly related with degenerative bone conditions and bone fractures. In the clinical practice, the FDG PET/CT and BS have a complementary role for the assessment of bone status in lung cancer patients.

[Assessment of cerebral blood flow in patients with eating disorders in the acute clinical phase using Tc99m-HMPAO spect]. / Valoración del flujo sanguíneo cerebral en pacientes con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en fase aguda mediante SPECT con HMPAO-Tc99m.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the status of cerebral perfusion in patients with eating disorders (ED) in the acute phase of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen patients, with a mean age of 22 years, diagnosed with ED according to DSM-III-R (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) criteria and under close clinical monitoring were studied in the initial acute phase of their disease. Brain SPECT with 15 mCi of Tc99m HMPAO was performed on all patients and assessed using visual and semi-quantitative analysis. The latter was carried out by obtaining left/right indices in sixteen symmetrical 5 x 5 pixel regions of interest (ROI) in three transverse slices, one below the cantho-meatal line and two above, at 2 and 5 cm, respectively. RESULTS; Visual analysis showed hypoperfusion of the anteroinferior region of the left temporal lobe in 7/17 patients, and in the homonymous region of the right temporal lobe in 1/17. Semi-quantitative analysis did not show statistically significant differences in the slices above the cantho-meatal line when the means of the asymmetry indices were compared between the anterior (frontal), middle (temporal and parietal) and posterior (occipital) regions of each slice, obtaining values ranging between 0.99 +/- 0.05 and 1.02 +/- 0.03. However, in the lowest slice, the anterior (temporal) region showed a mean asymmetry value of 0.89 +/- 0.15, and on comparing it with the mean of the asymmetry indices of the posterior region (cerebellum), it showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Patients with ED frequently show hypoperfusion of the anteroinferior region of the temporal lobe, predominantly in the left hemisphere, in the acute phase of the illness.

Valoración del flujo sanguíneo cerebral en pacientes con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en fase aguda mediante SPECT con HMPAO-Tc99m / Assessment Of Cerebral Blood Flow in patients with eating disorders in the acute clinical phase using Tc99m-HMPAO SPECT

Objetivo. Valorar el estado de la perfusión cerebral en pacientes con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) en fase aguda de la enfermedad. Material y métodos. Se estudiaron 17 pacientes, con una edad media de 22 años, diagnosticados de TCA según los criterios del DSM-III-R (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) bajo control clínico estrecho en la fase aguda inicial de su enfermedad. A cada paciente se le realizó una tomografía computarizada por emisión de fotón único (SPECT) cerebral con 15 mCi de hexametil propileno amino oxima (HMPAO)-Tc99m que fue valorado mediante análisis visual y semicuantitativo. Este último se realizó obteniendo índices izquierda/derecha en 16 regiones de interés (ROI) simétricas de 5 ¥ 5 píxeles en tres cortes transversales, uno por debajo de la línea canto-meatal y dos por encima, a 2 y 5 cm, respectivamente. Resultados. El análisis visual mostró la existencia de hipoperfusión de la región anteroinferior del lóbulo temporal izquierdo en 7/17 pacientes y en la región homónima del lóbulo temporal derecho en 1/17. El análisis semicuantitativo no reveló diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los cortes por encima de la línea canto-meatal cuando se compararon entre sí las medias de los índices de asimetría entre las regiones anterior (frontal), media (temporal y parietal) y posterior (occipital) de cada corte; obteniéndose valores en un rango entre 0,99 ± 0,05 y 1,02 ± 0,03. Sin embargo, en el corte más inferior, la región anterior (temporal) mostró un valor promedio de asimetría de 0,89 ± 0,15 y al compararla con el promedio de los índices de asimetría de la región posterior (cerebelo) mostró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,05). Conclusión. En los pacientes con TCA existe frecuentemente hipoperfusión de la región anteroinferior del lóbulo temporal, de predominio izquierdo, en la fase aguda de la enfermedad

Objective. To assess the status of cerebral perfusion in patients with eating disorders (ED) in the acute phase of the disease. Materials and methods. Seventeen patients, with a mean age of 22 years, diagnosed with ED according to DSM-III-R (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) criteria and under close clinical monitoring were studied in the initial acute phase of their disease. Brain SPECT with 15 mCi of Tc99m HMPAO was performed on all patients and assessed using visual and semi-quantitative analysis. The latter was carried out by obtaining left/right indices in sixteen symmetrical 5 ¥ 5 pixel regions of interest (ROI) in three transverse slices, one below the cantho-meatal line and two above, at 2 and 5 cm, respectively. Results. Visual analysis showed hypoperfusion of the anteroinferior region of the left temporal lobe in 7/17 patients, and in the homonymous region of the right temporal lobe in 1/17. Semi-quantitative analysis did not show statistically significant differences in the slices above the cantho-meatal line when the means of the asymmetry indices were compared between the anterior (frontal), middle (temporal and parietal) and posterior (occipital) regions of each slice, obtaining values ranging between 0.99 ± 0.05 and 1.02 ± 0.03. However, in the lowest slice, the anterior (temporal) region showed a mean asymmetry value of 0.89 ± 0.15, and on comparing it with the mean of the asymmetry indices of the posterior region (cerebellum), it showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Patients with ED frequently show hypoperfusion of the anteroinferior region of the temporal lobe, predominantly in the left hemisphere, in the acute phase of the illness

[18F-FDG PET/CT in response evaluation of gastrointestinal stromal tumours treated with imatinib]. / La PET/TAC con 18F-FDG en la evaluación de la respuesta de los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal al tratamiento con imatinib.

OBJECTIVE: Several studies have demonstrated the effective use of adjuvant treatment with Imatinib mesylate for unresectable, metastatic or recurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST). We retrospectively evaluated the role of 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning in assessing the response of GIST patients to imatinib mesylate therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight consecutive patients with GIST confirmed by surgery (4 stomach, 2 small bowel, 1 small bowel and peritoneum, and 1 rectum) underwent eighteen 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging after beginning imatinib mesylate therapy (400 mg/day or greater if disease progression). PET/CT scan was acquired 60-90 minutes after the intravenous injection of 333-707 MBq of 18F-FDG. Visual and semiquantitative (standardized uptake value [SUV]) analysis of images was performed. Response to therapy was assessed according to EORTC recommendations for PET. Results were confirmed by clinical follow-up, radiographic findings or histological analysis. RESULTS: Complete response to imatinib mesylate was observed in 5 patients. Four had abdominal lymph nodes, associated with liver metastases in 2, and the other had a residual tumour mass. Partial response (reduction in SUV and in the extent of FDG uptake) was demonstrated in a patient with lung nodules. Disease progression was observed in one patient who had developed new liver metastases on the PET/CT scan. One patient with multiple peritoneal implants and abdominal mass was a non-responder and died 2 months after the 18F-FDG PET/CT. CONCLUSION: 18F-FDG PET/CT scan identified the degree of GIST response to imatinib therapy. Patients who responded to therapy showed normalisation of FDG uptake or a decrease in the SUV of lesions.

La PET/TAC con 18F-FDG en la evaluación de la respuesta de los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal al tratamiento con imatinib / 18F-FDG PET/CT in response evaluation of gastrointestinal stromal tumours treated with imatinib

Objetivo. Diferentes trabajos han demostrado la efectividad del tratamiento adyuvante con mesilato de imatinib en el tumor del estroma gastrointestinal (GIST) irresecable, metastásico o recidivado. Hemos estudiado, retrospectivamente, el papel de la PET/TAC con 18F-FDG en la valoración de la respuesta del GIST al tratamiento con imatinib. Material y métodos. El estudio incluyó 8 pacientes consecutivos con GIST confirmado por cirugía (4 estómago, 2 intestino delgado, 1 intestino delgado y peritoneo y 1 recto) a los cuales se les realizaron 18 PET/TAC con 18F-FDG después de iniciar el tratamiento con mesilato de imatinib (400 mg/día o dosis mayores si se detectó progresión). La PET/TAC se adquirió a los 60-90 minutos después de la administración intravenosa de 333-707 MBq de 18F-FDG. Se realizó un análisis visual y semicuantitativo (standardized uptake value [SUV]) de las imágenes. La respuesta a la terapia se valoró siguiendo las recomendaciones de la EORTC para la PET. Los resultados se confirmaron por seguimiento clínico, hallazgos radiológicos o histología. Resultados. La respuesta al imatinib fue completa en 5 pacientes. Cuatro de ellos tuvieron adenopatías abdominales, asociadas a metástasis hepáticas en dos; el otro paciente tuvo una masa tumoral residual. La respuesta fue parcial (disminución del SUV y de la extensión de la captación de FDG) en un paciente con nódulos pulmonares. Se observó progresión de la enfermedad en un paciente por la aparición de nuevas metástasis hepáticas en la PET/TAC. Una paciente no respondió a la terapia y tuvo múltiples implantes peritoneales y una masa abdominal, falleciendo a los 2 meses de la PET/TAC. Conclusión. La PET/TAC con 18F-FDG identificó el grado de respuesta del GIST a la terapia con imatinib. En los pacientes que respondieron al tratamiento se observó la normalización de la captación de FDG o un descenso en el SUV de las lesiones (AU)

Objective. Several studies have demonstrated the effective use of adjuvant treatment with Imatinib mesylate for unresectable, metastatic or recurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST). We retrospectively evaluated the role of 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning in assessing the response of GIST patients to imatinib mesylate therapy. Materials and methods. Eight consecutive patients with GIST confirmed by surgery (4 stomach, 2 small bowel, 1 small bowel and peritoneum, and 1 rectum) underwent eighteen 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging after beginning imatinib mesylate therapy (400 mg/day or greater if disease progression). PET/CT scan was acquired 60-90 minutes after the intravenous injection of 333-707 MBq of 18F-FDG. Visual and semiquantitative (standardized uptake value [SUV]) analysis of images was performed. Response to therapy was assessed according to EORTC recommendations for PET. Results were confirmed by clinical follow-up, radiographic findings or histological analysis. Results. Complete response to imatinib mesylate was observed in 5 patients. Four had abdominal lymph nodes, associated with liver metastases in 2, and the other had a residual tumour mass. Partial response (reduction in SUV and in the extent of FDG uptake) was demonstrated in a patient with lung nodules. Disease progression was observed in one patient who had developed new liver metastases on the PET/CT scan. One patient with multiple peritoneal implants and abdominal mass was a non-responder and died 2 months after the 18F-FDG PET/CT. Conclusion. 18F-FDG PET/CT scan identified the degree of GIST response to imatinib therapy. Patients who responded to therapy showed normalisation of FDG uptake or a decrease in the SUV of lesions (AU)