Association between 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 2A Gene (rs6313 and rs4941573) Polymorphism and Sleep Bruxism: A Meta-analysis.

Genetic factors may influence sleep bruxism's pathogenesis. Even though the association between the, 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HTR2A) serotonin receptor gene polymorphism and sleep bruxism has been investigated, inconsistent findings have been discovered. As a result, meta-analysis was performed to gather complete results on this topic. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched for all papers containing English abstracts until April 2022. Medical Subject Heading (MESH) terms plus unrestricted keywords were used in the searches. The Cochrane test and the I 2 statistic were used to determine the heterogeneity percentage in numerous researches. Comprehensive Meta-analysis v.2.0 software was used to conduct the analyses. Five properly fitting papers were chosen for meta-analysis from the 39 articles acquired during the initial search. The meta-analysis revealed that the 5-HTR2A polymorphism has no link with sleep bruxism susceptibility across the models studied (P-Value > 0.05). The combined odds ratio analysis revealed no statistically significant association between the 5-HTR2A gene polymorphism with sleep bruxism. Nonetheless, these findings require confirmation through researches with large sample sizes. Identifying genetic markers for sleep bruxism may help clarify and expand our current knowledge of bruxism physiopathology.

Pre-Heating of Low-Shrinkage Composite Resins: Effects on Color Stability and Surface Roughness.

Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of preheating on the color stability and surface roughness of a silorane-based composite resin. Materials and Methods: A total of 44 Filtek P90 composite resin disks, (10mm×1mm), were fabricated using plastic molds and were divided into two groups. In group 2, the composite resin syringes were placed in a thermostatically controlled water bath at 55‒60°C before preparing the disks. After polishing the samples with silicon carbide papers, they were stored in distilled water for 48 hours. Roughness and color parameters were then measured in two stages: immediately after retrieval from distilled water and after 40 days of storage in tea solution. Finally, the differences in roughness and color parameters were recorded. Independent sample t-test and regression analysis were used at a significance level of P<0.05. Results: Based on the findings of the present study, there was no significant difference among the mean ∆E values (P=0.4); however, a significant difference in mean surface roughness (P=0.01) was found between the two groups. Regression analysis showed a significant relationship between the study groups in terms of surface roughness and ΔE values​ (preheated: r2 = 0.73; non-preheated: r2= 0.76). Conclusion: Filtek P90 silorane-base composite showed ΔE>3.3 and surface roughness above 0.2µ under preheated and non-preheated conditions and discoloration increased following preheating.

Antimicrobial and Mechanical Properties of Orthodontic Acrylic Resin Containing Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Supported on 4A Zeolite.

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is widely used to manufacture removable orthodontic appliances. However, since the porous structure, cold-curing acrylic resins are susceptible to bacterial adhesion and colonization. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial and mechanical properties of a cold-curing PMMA resin containing ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles supported on the 4A zeolite. ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles supported on the 4A zeolite were synthesized. Nanoparticles were added in three compositions as ZnO/4A, TiO2/4A, and ZnO/TiO2/4A at 2wt% and 4wt% concentrations to cold-curing acrylic resin powder (SR Triplex® Cold Ivoclar Vivadent AG, FL-9494 Schaan/Liechtenstein). X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were performed to investigate the nanocomposite characteristics. A direct test method was used to assess the antibacterial properties against Streptococcus mutans, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. The surface roughness of acrylic samples was measured with a profilometer. Flexural strength was evaluated by a three-point bending test, and one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests were used for statistical evaluation of the data. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. XRD confirmed the accurate crystalline structure of synthesized nanoparticles; FE-SEM images showed nanoparticle dispersion within polymerized acryl. The addition of 2 and 4 wt% of ZnO/4A, TiO2/4A, and ZnO/TiO2/4A caused colony reduction in all types of tested microorganisms more than 99% and 100%, respectively. The mean flexural strengths of acrylic specimens containing 2wt% and 4wt% of synthesized nanoparticles were significantly lower than those of the resin without nanoparticles. Fabricated samples showed favorable antibacterial properties but decreased flexural strength.

Effect of conscious sedation use on anxiety reduction, and patient and surgeon satisfaction in dental implant surgeries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Demand for dental implants has increased in recent years and the use of conscious sedation for this type of surgery can be of great benefit. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the scientific literature related to the effect of conscious sedation on the reduction of anxiety, and patient and surgeon satisfaction. The Embase, PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, Ovid, and Cochrane databases were searched without limitations. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria determined for the study, 10 articles were selected for the final review during several screening stages. These studies were reviewed in their full-text form by the research team and the intended data was extracted. The risk of bias was assessed for each of the selected articles. Five studies were ultimately included. Two of the them compared local anesthesia and conscious sedation, while another 2 compared the consequences of different types of conscious sedation. The anxiety reduction and patient and surgeon satisfaction data was collated. Midazolam was the most frequently used agent. After a thorough review of the final articles extracted based on the study protocol, it was concluded that the use of conscious sedation during implant surgery reduces patient anxiety, and also increases the satisfaction of the patient and surgeon.

Effect of Different Surface Treatments on the Long-Term Repair Bond Strength of Aged Methacrylate-Based Resin Composite Restorations: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.

This systematic review and network meta-analysis is aimed at investigating the effect of common surface treatments on the long-term repair bond strength of aged resin composite restorations and to rank and compare these surface treatments. In vitro studies evaluating the methacrylate-based resin composites subjected to rigorous aging protocols before and after being repaired with a new composite were included. A frequentist network meta-analysis was carried out using a random effects model. P scores were used to rank the efficacy of the surface treatments. Also, the global and node-split inconsistencies were evaluated. Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Embase databases were searched until July 07, 2022. Twenty-six studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that the application of silane and a total-etch (shear MD 32.35 MPa, 95% CI: 18.25 to 46.40, P score 0.95; tensile MD 33.25 MPa, 95% CI: 25.07 to 41.44; P score 0.77) or a self-etch (shear MD 38.87 MPa, 95% CI: 21.60 to 56.14, P score 0.99; tensile MD 32.52 MPa, 95% CI: 23.74 to 41.29; P score 0.73) adhesion protocol subsequent to the roughening with diamond bur produced the highest (micro)tensile and (micro)shear bond strengths compared to diamond bur alone as the control group. There was no difference between self- and total-etch adhesive protocols. Mechanical surface treatments yielded greater bond strength when used alongside the chemical adhesive agents. Further, it is possible to achieve acceptable repair bond strength using common dental clinic equipment. Therefore, clinicians could consider repairing old resin composites rather than replacing them.

Oral Health and Related Quality of Life in Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Of the most important implications and complaints in the elderly group of the population, is oral and dental health problems. This study aimed to assess oral health- related quality of life in older people. METHODS: To data collection, databases were searched including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, SID, MagIran, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and scholar google The keywords were "older adults", "Geriatric" Elderly", "Older", "Aged", "Ageing", "Oral health", "Oral hygiene" and "Quality of life", "QOL. For manual searching, several specialized journals of related scope as well as the finalized articles' reference list were searched. Studies from 1st Jan 2000 to 30th Jan 2017 were included. Studies were subjected to meta-analysis to calculate indexes, using CMA:2 (Comprehensive Meta-Analysis) software. RESULTS: Totally, 3707 articles were searched that 48 of them were subjected to the oral and dental health-related quality of life in 59 groups of the elderly population with the mean age of 73.57+6.62 in the 26 countries. The obtained percentage values of dental and oral health were 80.2% (0-60), 14.8% (0-12), 16.4% (0-70), 22% (0-14 or 0-59) and 19.2% (0-196) for GOHAI with the additive method, GOHAI with Simple Count Method, OHIP-14 with the additive method, OHIP-14 with Simple Count method and OHIP-49 with additive method indexes, respectively. CONCLUSION: The elderly group of the population had no proper oral health-related quality of life. Regarding the importance and necessity of oral and dental health and its effect on general health care in the target group, it is recommended to improve dental hygiene in the mentioned group of population.

Ki-67 expression as a diagnostic biomarker in odontogenic cysts and tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Ki-67 is a marker of cell proliferation, used as an important diagnostic marker in the pathologic differentiation of various lesions. It is also relevant for developing targeted molecular therapies. We carried out a systematic review to assess the Ki-67 labeling index (LI) in odontogenic cysts and tumors. Databases were searched, including PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, CINHAL, PsycoInfo, the Cochrane Library, and Proquest. The meta-analysis was carried out based on the data of 608 lesions. When a 5% cut-off point was set, ki-67 LI of all benign odontogenic tumors dropped below this point. All the malignant tumors demonstrated an LI of over 15.3%; a significantly higher Ki-67 LI in malignant odontogenic lesions (17.59±2.80) was observed. Among benign tumors, the largest and the smallest Ki-67 LIs were seen in ameloblastoma (4.39±0.47) and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (0.91±1.71). The mean values of Ki-67 LI in tumors and cysts were 4.23 (0.38) and 1.04 (0.07), respectively. Among odontogenic cysts, the highest Ki-67 LI was found in odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) (3.58±0.51), and the lowest in the radicular cyst (1.29±0.62%). Ki-67 LIs in all odontogenic cysts were <3%, except for OKC. This controversial lesion seems to have a profile more similar to a tumor, and a treatment plan similar to tumors might be suggested. We found that odontogenic lesions have diverse proliferative activities that help differentiate between various lesions and suggest therapeutic plans.

Main Approaches to Enhance Radiosensitization in Cancer Cells by Nanoparticles: A Systematic Review.

In recent years, high atomic number nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as promising radio-enhancer agents for cancer radiation therapy due to their unique properties. Multi-disciplinary studies have demonstrated the potential of NPs-based radio-sensitizers to improve cancer therapy and tumor control at cellular and molecular levels. However, studies have shown that the dose enhancement effect of the NPs depends on the beam energy, NPs type, NPs size, NPs concentration, cell lines, and NPs delivery system. It has been believed that radiation dose enhancement of NPs is due to the three main mechanisms, but the results of some simulation studies failed to comply well with the experimental findings. Thus, this study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the physical, chemical, and biological factors of the NPs. An organized search of PubMed/Medline, Embase, ProQuest, Scopus, Cochrane and Google Scholar was performed. In total, 77 articles were thoroughly reviewed and analyzed. The studies investigated 44 different cell lines through 70 in-vitro and 4 in-vivo studies. A total of 32 different types of single or core-shell NPs in different sizes and concentrations have been used in the studies.

Thermal Stability and Monomer Elution of Bulk Fill Composite Resins Cured from Different Irradiation Distances.

Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate the thermal stability and monomer elution of bulk fill composite resins cured at different irradiation distances. Materials and Methods: Forty cylindrical-shaped (3×4mm) specimens were fabricated from two composite resins (X-tra fil, X-tra base) and cured from 0 and 7mm distances. In 9 specimens, the degree of conversion was determined by the release of monomers. For this purpose, after curing of composites, they were immersed in 5 mL of 99.9% methanol and stored at 37°C for 24h. The eluted monomer was then analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). Also, thermal stability of one sample from each group was assessed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at a rate of 10°C/min. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (P<0.05). Results: X-tra fil had significantly higher degree of conversion than X-tra base (P=0.001). Specimens cured at 7mm distance had significantly lower degree of conversion compared with those cured at 0 mm distance (P=0.001). The interaction effect of composite type and distance of light curing unit from the surface of samples was statistically significant (P=0.001). Regarding the TGA results, the lowest and the highest percentages of weight loss were detected in X-tra fil cured at 0 mm distance and X-tra base cured at 7mm distance, respectively. Conclusion: X-tra fil composite cured at 0mm distance had the highest degree of conversion and thermal stability, and X-tra base composite cured at 7mm distance had the lowest values.

Influence of Varying Dentin and Enamel Layer Thicknesses of Nano-Composite Resins on Color Match between Lithium Disilicate Dental Ceramic and Composite Resins.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of varying dentin and enamel layer thicknesses of two nano-composite resins on color match of composite resins and lithium disilicate dental ceramic. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six specimens of two types of nano-composite resins, Opallis and Vittra, were fabricated using the two-layered technique with different thickness ratios of enamel and dentin composites (A2 shade) with a total thickness of 1.2mm. Thirteen discs of the same shade and thickness of IPS e.max Press LT (low translucency) lithium disilicate dental ceramic were also fabricated. Specimen color was measured with a spectrophotometer. The difference in color (ΔE00) of composite and ceramic specimens, and the translucency parameter (TP) of all specimens were calculated. Data were analyzed using multi-factor ANOVA (P<0.05). Results: The color difference (ΔE00) values of composites and ceramic were not clinically acceptable in any areas of either of the two composites (ΔE00>2.25). But ΔE00 between the two composite resins was in the clinically acceptable range (ΔE00<2.25). The mean TP value of IPS e.max Press was greater than that of Vittra and lower than that of Opallis. Conclusion: In similar thicknesses, composite resins with any enamel/dentin thickness ratio could not successfully simulate the color and translucency of IPS e.max Press LT ceramic.

Role of Vitamin D and Vitamin D Receptor in Oral Lichen Planus: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is known to be a chronic inflammatory disease associated with various other systemic disorders. Studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency can be involved in the pathogenesis of lichen planus. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor in OLP. METHODS: In this review study, all English and Persian articles were searched by relevant keywords from the Google scholar, PubMed, science direct, Cochrane, Scopus and Sid databases until January 2020. RESULTS: From the 16 articles obtained after reviewing the abstracts, finally 14 appropriate articles were included in this study. CONCLUSION: According to the results of the studies, vitamin D deficiency may be associated with an increased risk of OLP lesions.

Color agreement between try-in paste and resin cement: Effect of thickness and regions of ultra-translucent multilayered zirconia veneers.

Background . The current study aimed at identifying the color agreement between try-in pastes and the respective resin cements and investigated the effect of thickness and regions of Ultra-Translucent Multilayered Zirconia Veneers. Methods . A total of 90 cubic zirconia discs were prepared at two different thicknesses (0.5 mm and 0.7 mm) (n=45) in five groups in terms of the shade of the try-in paste and resin cement as follows: Universal, Clear, Brown, White and Opaque. Try-in paste and the respective resin cement were applied between the specimens and composite substrate, respectively, and colorimetric evaluation was carried out using CIE-Lab system. For each specimen, ΔE between the try-in paste and cement was calculated. Data were analyzed with SPSS 17 using Multifactor ANOVA (P<0.05). Results . Multifactor ANOVA results showed that ΔE values were significantly affected by the resin cement shade and the thickness of ceramic veneer (P<0.05). The results showed better shade agreement between the try-in paste and the respective resin cement with thicker ceramic veneers. The results of Tukey HSD revealed that ΔE values for the Clear, Universal and Brown shades were less than those of the White and Opaque shades. Lighter shades exhibited better agreement between the try-in paste and the respective resin cement. Conclusion . Perceptible color difference was found between the try-in pastes and the respective resin cement in most colors investigated. Although, the agreement of the try-in pastes and the respective resin cement was affected by the thickness of zirconia veneers, the different regions of multilayered ultra-translucent zirconia ceramic showed no significant effect.

Effect of Kangaroo Mother Care on Successful Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Evaluating the effect of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) on breastfeeding success shows conflicting results. Regarding the importance of breastfeeding and uncertainties about its effect, this study intended to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials on the effect of KMC on success of breastfeeding. METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, required data were collected by searching the following keywords: breastfeeding, Breast-Feeding, "skin-to-skin", "Kangaroo Mother Care", randomized clinical trial. The following databases were searched: Google Scholar, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Two authors independently extracted the data. To estimate the Breast-Feeding outcome variables, CMA2 software was used. The risk of bias of studies was assessed with the criteria developed in the Cochrane Handbook. RESULTS: Twenty articles were included. In the KMC and CNC groups, 1,432 and 1,410 neonates were examined. Breastfeeding success rate was higher in the KMC group within different time slots, however this difference was not statistically significant (RR=1.11(95CI, 0.93-1.34) and RR=1.13(95%CI, 0.92-1.34) based on the time slot and birth weight, respectively). The inter-groups differences in the mean scores of Infant Breast-Feeding Assessment Tool (IBFAT) were statistically significant (P<0.05). Breastfeeding was initiated very sooner in the KMC group, suggesting a statistically significant inter-groups difference -0.72(95%CI, from -0.92 to -0.53) (P<0.05). Majority of the studies had a high risk of bias. CONCLUSION: Findings indicated a superiority of KMC over CNC in terms of breastfeeding success. Assessment of the complications and costs of KMC implementation is recommended.

Intravenous sedation in dental implant surgeries: A systematic review of hemodynamic effects.

Background: The main objective of thissystematic review wasto identify the hemodynamic effects of intravenous sedatives used in dental implant surgeries. Methods: Embase, PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, Ovid, and Cochrane databases were searched with no limitations. Of 59 studies obtained, 50 studies were excluded due to incompatibility with the subject. The remaining studies were reviewed in full text and assessed for the risk of bias individually. The included studies were reviewed by the research team, and the necessary data were extracted. Results: Four studies were finally included. Two of the studies compared local anesthesia and intravenous sedation, while the other two compared the consequences of different types of intravenous sedation. By comparing the hemodynamic effects, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the heart rate data were collated. Midazolam was the most frequently used intravenous sedative, and Dexmedetomidine affected hemodynamics the most. Conclusion: Intravenous sedation leads to decreased heart rate and blood pressure. Better hemodynamic outcomes improve the patients' cooperation by decreasing stress and anxiety. Dexmedetomidine seems to be the first choice for intravenous sedation.

The Effect of Different Mixing Methods on the Properties of Calcium-enriched Mixture Cement: A Systematic Review of in Vitro Studies.

Introduction: It has been shown that the mechanical and physical properties of Calcium Enriched Mixture (CEM) cement are influenced by the mixing methods. Despite several studies conducted on different mixing methods of CEM cement, there is no systematic review to summarize the results. This systematic review was conducted to investigate the effect of different mixing techniques on mechanical and physical characteristics of CEM cement. Methods and Materials: A professional librarian with skills in informatics conducted a systematic search by searching electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Ovid for English language peer-reviewed articles published between 1992 and April 2019. Results: Initial searches from all sources identified 1175 references. Two of the authors examined the titles, abstracts of these articles and the full reports of 20 studies were obtained, and data extraction was performed. Seven studies satisfied the eligibility criteria for the review. The effect of different mixing methods was investigated on bacterial microleakage, push-out bond strength, flow rate, compressive strength, solubility, pH, film thickness, dimensional changes, working time, setting time and quality of the apical plug. Conclusion: Based on the results of this systematic review, some of the important properties of CEM cement were affected by different mixing methods. Although none of these mixing methods could improve all the properties, mechanical and manual methods were more effective compared to ultrasonic method.

Prevalence and Reasons of Self-Medication in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Given the importance of having valid information about the prevalence and reasons of self-medication among pregnant women for preventing self-medication during this period, this study aimed to systematically review and perform a meta-analysis on the prevalence and reasons of self-medication during pregnancy. METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in 2018 to estimate the overall self-medication prevalence based on the database sources PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, MagIran, IranMedex and SID. Required data were collected using keywords: medication, self-medication, over-the-counter, non-prescription, prevalence, etiology, and occurrence and pregnant. Descriptive and cross-sectional studies in English and Persian languages were included. There was no time limitation for search. R software was applied for meta-analysis. Random-effects model was applied to estimate the self-medication prevalence with 95% confidence interval. Q statistics and I2 were used to measure the heterogeneity. RESULTS: Out of 490 retrieved articles, finally 13 studies were included in meta-analysis, 6 studies of which reported the cause of self-medication. The overall estimated prevalence of self-medication based on the random effect model was 32% (95% CI, 22% - 44%). The most important reasons of self-medication were previous experience of the disease. The most important group of disease in which patients self-medicated was anemia. Also, the most important group of medication was herbal. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the prevalence of self-medication among pregnant women was relatively high and required effective interventions to reduce and prevent self-medication among this group. Providing required information and raising awareness about complications resulting from self-medication, in particular herbal medicines and dietary supplements, should be taken into account.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of Iranian hypertensive patients regarding hypertension.

Introduction: This study aimed at evaluating knowledge and awareness of hypertension and the risk factors for hypertension among hypertensive patients. Methods: In this study, 110 hypertensive patients were enrolled and filled out two self-administered questionnaires. The first questionnaire was about the demographic characteristics and the second one was about the knowledge (n = 10), attitude (n = 9) and practice (n = 8). The internal consistency and the stability of the questionnaires were approved. The Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis. Results: Seventy-three percent of participants know the normal range of hypertension. Most of the participants truly knew that stress (87.3%), obesity (70.9%) and aging (48.2%) are risk factors for hypertension. About 60% of participants knew the complications of uncontrolled hypertension. About 82.7% of participants believed that after adaptation of body to hypertension, there is no need to use antihypertensive drug. About 13.6% of participants measured their blood pressure daily and 11.8% of them measured it once a month. The educational level of participants was significantly associated with knowledge score (P = 0.01). There was a significant correlation between knowledge (P < 0.001) and attitude and also attitude and practice (P < 0.001) scores. Conclusion: These findings have important implications for developing proper and continuous self-management hypertension education programs in Iran which should mostly emphasize on the practical information about control and prevention programs.

Effect of surface preparation with Nd:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers on the repair bond strength of lithium disilicate glass ceramic to a silorane-based composite resin.

Background. This study was undertaken to evaluate the repair bond strength of lithium disilicate glass ceramic to a silorane-based composite resin after surface preparation with Nd:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers. Methods. A total of 102 lithium disilicate glass ceramic samples (IPS e.max Press), measuring 5 mm in diameter and 4 mm in thickness, were randomly assigned to 6 groups (n=17): group 1, no surface preparation (control); group 2, acid etching with 9.5% hydrofluoric acid (HF); group 3, surface preparation with 4.5-W Nd:YAG laser; group 4, surface preparation with 6-W Nd:YAG laser; group 5, surface preparation with 1.5-W Er,Cr:YSGG laser; and group 6, surface preparation with 6-W Er,Cr:YSGG laser. After preparation of surfaces and application of silane, all the samples were repaired with the use of a silorane-based composite resin, followed by storage in distilled water at a temperature of 37°C for 24 hours and thermocycling. Finally, the samples were subjected to a shearing bond strength test; the fracture modes were determined under a stereomi-croscope. Results. There were significant differences between the HF group and the other groups (P=0.000). Two-by-two comparisons of the other groups revealed no significant differences (P>0.05). Conclusion. Use of HF proved the most effective surface preparation technique to increase the repair bond strength between lithium disilicate glass ceramic and silorane-based composite resin; compared to the control group.

Cost-effectiveness of Colorectal Cancer Screening and Treatment Methods: Mapping of Systematic Reviews.

OBJECTIVE: Due to extensive literature on colorectal cancer and their heterogeneous results, this study aimed to summarize the systematic reviews which review the cost-effectiveness studies on different aspects of colorectal cancer. METHODS: The required data were collected by searching the following key words according to MeSH: "colorectal cancer," "colorectal oncology," "colorectal carcinoma," "colorectal neoplasm," "colorectal tumors," "cost-effectiveness," "systematic review," and "meta-analysis." The following databases were searched: PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Two reviewers evaluated the articles according to the checklist of "assessment of multiple systematic reviews" (AMSTAR) tool. RESULTS: Finally, eight systematic reviews were included in the study. The Drummond checklist was mostly used for assessing the quality of the articles. The main perspective was related to the payer and the least was relevant to the social. The majority of the cases referred to sensitivity analysis (in 76% of the cases) and the lowest point also was allocated to discounting (in 37% of cases). The Markov model was used most widely in the studies. Treatment methods examined in the studies were not cost-effective in comparison with the studied units. Among the screening methods, computerized tomographic colonography and fecal DNA were cost-effective. The average score of the articles' qualities was high (9.8 out of 11). CONCLUSIONS: The community perspective should be taken into consideration at large in the studies. It is necessary to pay more attention to discounting subject in studies. More frequent application of the Markov model is recommended.