Methylene blue used as a bridge to liver transplantation postoperative recovery: a case report.

Hepatopulmonary syndrome is defined as a triad of liver disease, arterial hypoxemia, and intrapulmonary vascular dilatation. The clinical hallmark of this disorder is the impairment of pulmonary gas exchange, not necessarily correlated with the severity of the underlying liver disease. Liver transplantation (OLT) is the only definitive treatment for this syndrome. However, patients with preoperative partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO(2)) under 50 mm Hg are exposed to an unacceptably high postoperative mortality and morbidity. Herein we have described a case of a 15-year-old female patient who underwent OLT and was treated with methylene blue in the early postoperative period to improve hypoxemia. We suggest that the use of methylene blue after liver transplantation can decrease postoperative complications and mortality rates in these patients.

Treatment for recurrent hepatitis C virus infection after liver transplantation.

Cirrhosis due to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the current leading indication for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in the world. This series reports our program's experience with the treatment of HCV infection after the development of histological hepatitis. Between March 2002 and June 2008, patients with recurrent HCV were selected for treatment if the liver biopsy showed at least the F2 degree of Metavir score. HCV viral load was measured at 4, 12 and 24 weeks as well as at the end of treatment and at 6 months thereafter for patients who became HCV RNA negative (sustained virological response [SVR]). In this period, we performed 287 liver transplantations in 279 patients, including 117 (42%) who had HCV cirrhosis as the indication for OLT of whom 25 were eligible for antiviral treatment. Twelve patients completed treatment, 7 remain on treatment, and 6 were discontinued. The principal collateral effect was anemia. Only 1 patient had an episode of acute cellular rejection, which responded to adjustment of immunosuppression. Antiviral treatment in transplanted patients was feasible and did not seem to induce severe immunological effects. Adjuvant therapies to reduce cytopenias are frequently required, principally erythropoietin. The best results were observed with the pegylated interferon alfa (PEG) plus ribavirin (RBV) group: 38.9% of SVR. We recommend antiviral treatment of eligible patients with confirmed HCV recurrence using PEG plus RBV.