RESUMO
Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), a susceptibility gene for major mental illnesses, regulates multiple aspects of embryonic and adult neurogenesis. Here, we show that DISC1 suppression in newborn neurons of the adult hippocampus leads to overactivated signaling of AKT, another schizophrenia susceptibility gene. Mechanistically, DISC1 directly interacts with KIAA1212, an AKT binding partner that enhances AKT signaling in the absence of DISC1, and DISC1 binding to KIAA1212 prevents AKT activation in vitro. Functionally, multiple genetic manipulations to enhance AKT signaling in adult-born neurons in vivo exhibit similar defects as DISC1 suppression in neuronal development that can be rescued by pharmacological inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), an AKT downstream effector. Our study identifies the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway as a critical DISC1 target in regulating neuronal development and provides a framework for understanding how multiple susceptibility genes may functionally converge onto a common pathway in contributing to the etiology of certain psychiatric disorders.
Assuntos
Hipocampo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/fisiologia , Neurogênese/fisiologia , Neurônios/fisiologia , Proteína Oncogênica v-akt/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Células-Tronco Adultas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Adultas/metabolismo , Análise de Variância , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Movimento Celular/fisiologia , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento/genética , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/genética , Hipocampo/citologia , Humanos , Imunoprecipitação/métodos , Imunossupressores/farmacologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Neurogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Gravidez , Ligação Proteica/genética , Interferência de RNA , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Sirolimo/farmacologia , Transfecção/métodosRESUMO
The mammalian brain exhibits diverse types of neural plasticity, including activity-dependent neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. How transient activation of mature neurons leads to long-lasting modulation of adult neurogenesis is unknown. Here we identify Gadd45b as a neural activity-induced immediate early gene in mature hippocampal neurons. Mice with Gadd45b deletion exhibit specific deficits in neural activity-induced proliferation of neural progenitors and dendritic growth of newborn neurons in the adult hippocampus. Mechanistically, Gadd45b is required for activity-induced DNA demethylation of specific promoters and expression of corresponding genes critical for adult neurogenesis, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor and fibroblast growth factor. Thus, Gadd45b links neuronal circuit activity to epigenetic DNA modification and expression of secreted factors in mature neurons for extrinsic modulation of neurogenesis in the adult brain.