In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Chitosan/HPMC/Insulin Hydrogel for Wound Healing Applications.

Treatment of chronic wounds is challenging, and the development of different formulations based on insulin has shown efficacy due to their ability to regulate oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions. The formulation of insulin with polysaccharides in biohybrid hydrogel systems has the advantage of synergistically combining the bioactivity of the protein with the biocompatibility and hydrogel properties of polysaccharides. In this study, a hydrogel formulation containing insulin, chitosan, and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (Chi/HPMC/Ins) was prepared and characterized by FTIR, thermogravimetric, and gel point analyses. The in vitro cell viability and cell migration potential of the Chi/HPMC/Ins hydrogel were evaluated in human keratinocyte cells (HaCat) by MTT and wound scratch assay. The hydrogel was applied to excisional full-thickness wounds in diabetic mice for twenty days for in vivo studies. Cell viability studies indicated no cytotoxicity of the Chi/HPMC/Ins hydrogel. Moreover, the Chi/HPMC/Ins hydrogel promoted faster gap closure in the scratch assay. In vivo, the wounds treated with the Chi/HPMC/Ins hydrogel resulted in faster wound closure, formation of a more organized granulation tissue, and hair follicle regeneration. These results suggest that Chi/HPMC/Ins hydrogels might promote wound healing in vitro and in vivo and could be a new potential dressing for wound healing.

Fatores associados à remoção do dispositivo de acesso vascular periférico em pacientes pediátricos / Factors associated to the withdrawal of peripheral vascular access device in pediatric patients

Objetivo: identificar fatores relacionados à retirada do cateter venoso periférico em crianças hospitalizadas em uma Unidade de Internação Pediátrica. Métodos: Coorte prospectiva realizada com crianças com cateter venoso periférico, internadas em uma Unidade de Internação Pediátrica. A amostra foi consecutiva, não probabilística, os dados foram coletados, por um período de 90 dias. Na análise estatística foram utilizados os testes Qui-quadrado, Mann-Whitney e modelos de riscos proporcionais de Cox. Considerou-se nível de significância igual a 5%. Resultados: Amostra composta por 134 crianças, com média de idade de 4,27 anos (DP 3,45). Os motivos de retirada dos cateteres venosos periféricos foram causas planejadas em aproximadamente 56% dos casos, como alta hospitalar, término da terapia intravenosa e transferência. Em 44% dos cateteres venosos periféricos retirados, as causas foram não planejadas, com predomínio de infiltração/extravasamento (16,42%) e flebite (11,94%). O uso de anti-infecciosos (OR=7,03; p=0,0001), punções venosas em membros inferiores (OR=5,12; p=0,0070), punções anteriores (OR=3,24; p=0,0014) e sexo masculino (OR= 2,70; p=0,0092) aumentaram o risco de retirada dos cateteres venosos periféricos por causas não planejadas. Conclusão: os resultados sugerem, principalmente, revisão dos locais para punção venosa em Pediatria, bem como, diluição e infusão criteriosa de anti-infecciosos. (AU)

Objective: To identify factors related to the withdrawal of peripheral venous catheter in hospitalized children in a Pediatric Inpatient Unit. Methods: Prospective cohort study conducted with children with peripheral venous catheter admitted to a Pediatric Inpatient Unit. The sample was consecutive, non-probability, data were collected for a period of 90 days. Statistical analysis Chi-square, Mann-Whitney and models of Cox proportional hazards were used. A significance level of 5% was considered. Results: A sample was composed of 134 children, mean age of 4.27 years (SD 3.45). The reasons for withdrawal peripheral venous catheters were planned causes approximately 56% of cases, such as hospital discharge, end of the intravenous therapy and transfer. At 44% of the removed peripheral venous catheters, the causes were not planned, with infiltration / extravasation (16.42%) and phlebitis (11.94%) predominating. The use of anti-infectives (OR = 7.03; p = 0.0001), venous punctures in the lower limbs (OR = 5.12; p = 0.0070), anterior punctures (OR = 3.24; p = 0.0014) and male gender (OR = 2.70; p = 0.0092) increased the risk of catheters withdrawal for unplanned causes. Conclusion: The results suggest, principally, reviewing sites for venipuncture in pediatrics, as well as dilution and judicious infusion of anti-infective. (AU)

Objetivo: Identificar los factores relacionados con la perdida del catéter venoso periférico en niños hospitalizados en una unidad de hospitalización pediátrica. Métodos: Estudio de corte prospectiva realizada con niños con catéter venoso periférico, hospitalizadas en una unidad de hospitalización pediátrica. La muestra fue consecutiva, no probabilística, los datos se recopilaron durante un período de 90 días. En el análisis estadístico, se realizaron las pruebas de chi-cuadrados, Mann-Whitney y modelos de riesgo de Cox. El nivel de significancia fue 5%. Resultados: Muestra que consta de 134 niños, con una edad media de 4.27 años (DE 3.45). Entre las razones del retiro de los catéteres venosos periféricos están: planificados en aproximadamente el 56% de los casos, como al momento del alta hospitalaria, termino de la terapia intravenosa y la transferencia. En el 44% de los catéteres venosos periféricos perdidos, las causas no se planificaron, con predominio de infiltración / extravasación (16,42%) y flebitis (11.94%). El uso de terapia anti-infecciosa (OR = 7,03, p = 0,0001), punciones venosas en las extremidades inferiores (OR = 5,12, p = 0.0070), punciones anteriores (OR = 3.24; p = 0.0014) y género masculino (OR = 2.70, p = 0.0092) aumentó el riesgo de retiro de los catéteres venosos periféricos mediante causas no planificadas. Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que, principalmente, una revisión de sitios de punción venosa en pediatría, así como dilución e infusión criteriosa de terapias anti-infecciosas. (AU)

Bioactive Fatty Acids in the Resolution of Chronic Inflammation in Skin Wounds.

Significance: Optimal skin wound healing is crucial for maintaining tissue homeostasis, particularly in response to an injury. The skin immune system is under regulation of mediators such as bioactive lipids and cytokines that can initiate an immune response with controlled inflammation, followed by efficient resolution. However, nutritional deficiency impacts wound healing by hindering fibroblast proliferation, collagen synthesis, and epithelialization, among other crucial functions. In this way, the correct nutritional support of bioactive lipids and of other essential nutrients plays an important role in the outcome of the wound healing process. Recent Advances and Critical Issues: Several studies have revealed the potential role of lipids as a treatment for the healing of skin wounds. Unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, oleic acid, and most of their bioactive products have shown an effective role as a topical treatment of chronic skin wounds. Their effect, when the treatment starts at day 0, has been observed mainly in the inflammatory phase of the wound healing process. Moreover, some of them were associated with different dressings and were tested for clinical purposes, including pluronic gel, nanocapsules, collagen films and matrices, and polymeric bandages. Therefore, future research is still needed to evaluate these dressing technologies in association with different bioactive fatty acids in a wound healing context. Future Directions: This review summarizes the main results of the available clinical trials and basic research studies and provides evidence-based conclusions. Together, current data encourage the use of bioactive fatty acids for an optimal wound healing resolution.