Histological classification and expression of markers of canine mast cell tumors.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are malignant neoplasms that are common in dogs. Their biological behavior is variable and unpredictable. The aim of the present study was to analyze the histological classification and expression of markers of canine MCTs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty samples of canine MCTs were graded according to the histological classification methods of Patnaik and those of Kiupel. The expression of phosphoprotein 53 (p53) and c-kit proteins was quantified by immunohistochemistry using image processing software, ImageJ - a public domain computer program, developed at the National Institutes of Health. RESULTS: It was possible to determine the grade of 100% of the samples. According to Patnaik's classification, 20.00% of the samples were Grade 1, 43.30% were Grade 2, and 36.70% were Grade 3. According to Kiupel's classification, 56.67% of the samples were of high intensity and 43.33% were of low intensity. Grade 1 tumors had the highest expression of p53 and c-kit, and Grade 2 had the lowest expression. The results showed that it is necessary to perform both histological grading methods. The classification into high and low intensity may provide more consistent results than the three-level grading system. However, a smaller number of categories, although it facilitates the classification, may not be sufficient for the prognosis. CONCLUSION: Quantitative evaluation of p-53 and c-kit expression is a useful tool to increase the accuracy of the analysis and to aid in choosing the treatment method for canine MCTs. Histological grading should be combined with other diagnostic methods.

Cytological screening for cervical cancer and associated factors in the penitentiary population of Peru.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with the screening of cervical cancer by Papanicolaou in the penitentiary population of Peru. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2016 National Penitentiary Population Census of Peru. The dependent variable was the cytological screening of cervical cancer during the last year. The independent variables were classified as facilitators, sociodemographic predisposers, and generators of need for the use of health services.The multivariate association was estimated through adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), using Poisson regression and using the variables with p <0.05 in the bivariate. RESULTS: A total of 4515 women incarcerated in the 67 prisons of Peru entered the study. 69% (95% CI: 67.81-70.5) performed cytological screening during the last year and this is associated with having public health insurance (aPR 1.28 , 95% CI: 1.21-1.36), go to prison health services (aPR 1.18 , 95% CI: 1.12-1.24) and have a history of cancer (aPR 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02-1.26). Age, number of children, sports activities and the type of prison were also associated with cytological screening. DISCUSSION: There is an association between cytological screening and access to health services, sociodemographic predispositions and pathological backgrounds of women incarcerated in Peru. More research should be promoted on health prevention behaviors in this population.

Transporter genes ABCG2 rs2231142 and ABCB1 rs1128503 polymorphisms and atorvastatin response in Chilean subjects.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Statins are first-line therapy for reducing high cholesterol levels. However, response to these drugs shows high interindividual variability. We aimed to investigate the influence of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) (ABCB1 rs1128503 and ABCG2 rs2231142) in the ABC transporter genes on response to short-term low-dose atorvastatin in Chilean hypercholesterolaemic patients. METHODS: We studied 127 Chilean hypercholesterolaemic patients treated with 10 mg/d atorvastatin for 4 weeks. The lipid profile was determined before and after drug administration. Genotyping of the rs1128503 and rs2231142 variants was performed using TaqMan® Drug Metabolism Genotyping Assays. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Genotype distribution for all polymorphisms investigated was consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Atorvastatin reduced TC, LDL-C and TG concentrations (P<.05), whereas HDL-C levels were found to be increased (P<.05). Minor allele frequencies for rs1128503 and rs2231142 variants were 0.453 and 0.075, respectively. In this study, patients prescribed with short-term low-dose atorvastatin and carrying ABCB1 (rs1128503) or ABCG2 (rs2231142) SNPs did not show differences in LDL-C response (P>.05). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: The ABCB1 SNP was not associated with response to atorvastatin in Chilean subjects. The few ABCG2 421A homozygotes did not allow meaningful inferences to be made for this polymorphism.

Cribado citológico de cáncer de cuello uterino y factores asociados en la población penitenciaria del Perú / Cytological screening for cervical cancer and associated factors in the penitentiary population of Peru

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y los factores asociados al cribado de cáncer de cuello uterino por Papanicolaou en la población penitenciaria del Perú. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal que utilizó los datos del Censo Nacional de Población Penitenciaria del Perú de 2016. La variable dependiente fue la realización de un cribado citológico del cáncer de cuello uterino durante el último año. Las variables independientes se clasificaron en facilitadores, predisponentes sociodemográficos, y generadores de necesidad para el uso de los servicios de salud. La asociación multivariada se estimó a través de razones de prevalencia ajustadas (RPa) e intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC 95%), mediante la regresión de Poisson y utilizando las variables con p <0,05 en el bivariado. Resultados: En el estudio participaron un total de 4.515 mujeres encarceladas en los 67 establecimientos penitenciarios del Perú. El 69% (con un intervalo de confianza o IC 95%: 67,81-70,5) realizó un cribado citológico durante el último año, y está asociado con poseer un seguro de salud público (RPa: 1,28; IC 95%: 1,21-1,36), acudir a los servicios de salud del establecimiento penitenciario (RPa: 1,18; IC 95%: 1,12-1,24) y tener antecedentes de cáncer (RPa: 1,14; IC 95%: 1,02-1,26). La edad, el número de hijos, la práctica de actividades deportivas y el tipo de establecimiento penitenciario también son factores que estuvieron asociados al cribado citológico. Discusión: Existe una asociación entre el cribado citológico y el acceso a los servicios de salud, predisponentes sociodemográficos y antecedentes patológicos de las mujeres encarceladas en el Perú. Se deben impulsar más investigaciones sobre las conductas de prevención de salud en esta población

Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with the screening of cervical cancer by Papanicolaou in the penitentiary population of Peru. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2016 National Penitentiary Population Census of Peru. The dependent variable was the cytological screening of cervical cancer during the last year. The independent variables were classified as facilitators, sociodemographic predisposers, and generators of need for the use of health services.: The multivariate association was estimated through adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), using Poisson regression and using the variables with p <0.05 in the bivariate. Results: A total of 4515 women incarcerated in the 67 prisons of Peru entered the study. 69% (95% CI: 67.81-70.5) performed cytological screening during the last year and this is associated with having public health insurance (aPR 1.28 , 95% CI: 1.21-1.36), go to prison health services (aPR 1.18 , 95% CI: 1.12-1.24) and have a history of cancer (aPR 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02-1.26). Age, number of children, sports activities and the type of prison were also associated with cytological screening. Discussion: There is an association between cytological screening and access to health services, sociodemographic predispositions and pathological backgrounds of women incarcerated in Peru. More research should be promoted on health prevention behaviors in this population

Minimum alveolar concentration of halothane in capuchin-monkeys (Cebus apella)

The article has no abstract.

Desarrollo dendrítico de las células piramidales de la neocorteza en víctimas del síndrome de muerte súbita infantil / Neocortical pyramidal cell dendritic development in victims of the sudden infant death syndrome

En pacientes fallecidos por síndrome de muerte súbita infantil se han descrito alteraciones de la maduración neuronal en el tronco cerebral y gliosis. Propósito: determinar si existen alteraciones en niños fallecidos por síndrome de muerte súbita infantil. Sujetos y método: mediciones de densidad, longitud y volumen del cilindro dendrítico de las células piramidales en preparaciones de la corteza motora de cuatro lactantes fallecidos por síndrome de muerte súbita infantil y cuatro controles muertos por neumonía. Las preparaciones fueron teñidas con la técnica de Golgi-Cox y evaluados con métodos morfométricos. Resultados: no se encontraron diferencias significativas en la densidad, número de ramas dendríticas a diferentes distancias del soma neuronal y volumen del cilindro dendrítico basal entre los lactantes fallecidos por neumonía y los considerados como casos de muerte súbita infantil, pero en estos últimos se registró, a diferencia de los controles, marcado proliferación de la glia. Conclusión: en lactantes fallecidos por síndrome de muerte súbita la maduración neuronal podría no ser afectada por aquellos factores que, en cambio, inducirían un retardo de la maduración histológica de núcleos del tronco encefálico y gliosis difusa del tejido nervioso. La gliosis sugiere exposición crónica a situaciones de hipoxia

Maduración histológica de las neuronas del tronco encefálico en víctimas del síndrome de muerte súbita infantil / Histological maturation of the neurons of the brainstem in victims of sudden death syndrome of children

Se examinaron los cerebros de tres niños fallecidos con diagnóstico de síndrome de muerte súbita infantil (SMSI), con el propósito de determinar el patrón de maduración histológico de los núcleos del puente, oliva bulbar e hipogloso mayor, núcleos del tonco encefálico que no están directamente vinculados con la función cardiorrespiratoria y compararla con el patrón observado en tres niños que fallecieron de causa conocida usando el método de Golgi-Cox y morfometria. Los niños fallecidos del SMSI presentan una reducción significativa de la arborización dendrítica neural en los tres núcleos estudiados, comparado con el grupo control. Estos hallazgos sugieron un retardo de la maduración neuronal de todo el tronco encefálico y no sólo de los centros cardiorrespiratorios como ha sido demostrado en niños que fallecieron del SMSI. Se sugiere que este retardo en la maduración del tronco encefálico representa un sustrato anatómico anormal en la multifactorial patogénesis de este síndrome