RESUMO
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To investigate (1) the association of four VDR polymorphisms (TaqI/rs731236, ApaI/rs7975232, FokI/rs10735810, and Bsml/rs1544410) with markers of adiposity and tissue-specific insulin resistance at baseline, after weight loss and weight maintenance; (2) the effect of the VDR polymorphisms in the SAT transcriptome in overweight/obese Caucasians of the DiOGenes cohort. METHODS: We included 553 adult obese individuals (mean BMI 34.8 kg/m2), men (n = 197) and women (n = 356) at baseline, following an 8-week weight loss intervention and 26 weeks weight maintenance. Genotyping was performed using an Illumina 660W-Quad SNP chip on the Illumina iScan Genotyping System. Tissue-specific IR was determined using Hepatic Insulin Resistance Index (HIRI), Muscle Insulin Sensitivity Index (MISI), and Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance Index (Adipo-IR). Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis was performed to determine the effect of SNPs on SAT gene expression. RESULTS: None of the VDR polymorphisms were associated with HIRI or MISI. Interestingly, carriers of the G allele of VDR FokI showed higher Adipo-IR (GG + GA 7.8 ± 0.4 vs. AA 5.6 ± 0.5, P = 0.010) and higher systemic FFA (GG + GA: 637.8 ± 13.4 vs. AA: 547.9 ± 24.7 µmol/L, P = 0.011), even after adjustment with age, sex, center, and FM. However, eQTL analysis showed minor to no effect of these genotypes on the transcriptional level in SAT. Also, VDR polymorphisms were not related to changes in body weight and IR as result of dietary intervention (P > 0.05 for all parameters). CONCLUSIONS: The VDR Fokl variant is associated with elevated circulating FFA and Adipo-IR at baseline. Nevertheless, minor to no effect of VDR SNPs on the transcriptional level in SAT, indicating that putative mechanisms of action remain to be determined. Finally, VDR SNPs did not affect dietary intervention outcome in the present cohort.
Assuntos
Resistência à Insulina/genética , Obesidade/genética , Receptores de Calcitriol/genética , Adulto , Alelos , Composição Corporal , Feminino , Genótipo , Haplótipos , Humanos , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sobrepeso/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Locos de Características Quantitativas , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Transcriptoma , População BrancaRESUMO
The prevalence of dental decay is expected to rise in many developing countries due to the growing consumption of sugars. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of sweet food and beverage consumption among schoolchildren in Jazan, Saudi Arabia and to determine the relationship with dental caries. In a cross-sectional, descriptive study 853 children aged 6-15 years (520 boys and 333 girls) were assessed by questionnaire and clinical examinations. Caries prevalence (≥ 1 dft/DMFT) was high (91.3%). While knowledge was generally good, 83.5% boys and 85.8% girls had poor attitudes to sweet foods and > 90% frequently consumed sweet foods/beverages. Multiple regression analysis showed that children whose mothers were less educated (OR 2.46; 95% CI: 1.15-5.28) and children with poor dietary attitudes and practices (OR 4.05; 95% CI: 2.33-7.03 and OR 7.80; 95% CI: 4.50-13.52 respectively) were more likely to have dental caries. Well-directed health promotion programmes are needed in Jazan.
Assuntos
Bebidas , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Sacarose Alimentar/administração & dosagem , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Adolescente , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Arábia Saudita/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
من المتوقع أن يرتفع انتشار نخر الأسنان في العديد من البلدان النامية بسبب تزايد استهلاك السكريات. ولقد هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم المعارف والاتجاهات والممارسات المتعلقة باستهلاك الأطعمة والأشربة الحلوة لدى أطفال المدارس في جازان بالمملكة العربية السعودية، وإلى تحديد علاقة ذلك بتسوس الأسنان. ففي دراسة وصفية مقطعية تم تقييم 853 طفلاً تتراوح أعمارهم بين 6-15 سنة [520 فتى و 333 فتاة]، وذلك باستخدام استبيان وفحوص سريرية. فكان انتشار التسوس [ 1 DMFT/dft >/= الأسنان المنخورة والمقلوعة والمحشوة ..] مرتفعاً [91.3%]. وعلى الرغم من أن المعرفة كانت جيدة عموماً فإن 83.5% من الفتيان و 85.8% من الفتيات كانت اتجاهاتهم نحو الأطعمة الحلوة سيئة، وكان %90 <منهم يستهلكون الأطعمة/الأشربة الحلوة بكثرة. وأظهر تحليل التحوف المتعدد أن الأطفال الذين كانت أمهاتهم أقل تعليماً [OR 2.46;%95 CI:1.15-5.28]والأطفال الذين لديهم اتجاهات وممارسات تغذوية سيئة [OR 4.05;%95 CI:2.33-7.03 OR 7.80;%95 CI:4.50-13.52 على التوالي]كانوا أكثر عرضة لتسوس الأسنان. تحتاج جازان إلى برامج لتعزيز الصحة موجهة توجيهاً جيداً
The prevalence of dental decay is expected to rise in many developing countries due to the growing consumption of sugars. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of sweet food and beverage consumption among schoolchildren in Jazan, Saudi Arabia and to determine the relationship with dental caries. In a cross-sectional, descriptive study 853 children aged 6–15 years (520 boys and 333 girls) were assessed by questionnaire and clinical examinations. Caries prevalence (≥ 1 dft/DMFT) was high (91.3%). While knowledge was generally good, 83.5% boys and 85.8% girls had poor attitudes to sweet foods and > 90% frequently consumed sweet foods/beverages. Multiple regression analysis showed that children whose mothers were less educated (OR 2.46; 95% CI: 1.15–5.28)and children with poor dietary attitudes and practices (OR 4.05; 95% CI: 2.33–7.03 and OR 7.80; 95% CI: 4.50–13.52 respectively) were more likely to have dental caries. Well-directed health promotion programmes are needed in Jazan.
Dans de nombreux pays en développement, la prévalence des caries dentaires devrait augmenter en raison de la consommation croissante de sucres. La présente étude visait à évaluer les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques en matière de consommation d'aliments et de boissons sucrés chez des écoliers de Jazan (Arabie saoudite), et à déterminer leur lien avec les caries dentaires. Dans une étude descriptive et transversale, 853 enfants âgés de 6 à 15 ans (520 garçons et 333 filles) ont été évalués à l'aide d'un questionnaire et d'examens cliniques. La prévalence de caries (1 ≥ indice des dents cariées, absentes ou obturées) était forte (91,3 %). Si le niveau de connaissances était élevé en général, 83,5 % des garçons et 85,8 % des filles avaient de mauvaises attitudes face aux aliments sucrés et plus de 90 % en consommaient fréquemment. Une analyse de régression multiple a démontré que les enfants dont les mères avaient un niveau d'études plus faible (OR 2,46 ; IC à 95 % : 1,15–5,28) mais aussi ceux ayant de mauvaises attitudes et pratiques (OR 4,05 ; IC à 95 % : 2,33–7,03 et OR 7,80 ; IC à 95 % : 4,50–13,52 respectivement) étaient plus à risque de présenter des caries dentaires. Des programmes de promotion de la santé convenablement ciblés sont nécessaires à Jazan.
