Epstein-Barr virus associated lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland; a clinicopathological report of three cases.

Lymphoepithelial carcinoma is a relatively uncommon malignant tumor of the salivary gland demonstrating malignant epithelial cells with dense lymphoid stroma. The authors report three cases of lymphoepithelial carcinoma associated with Epstein-Barr virus of the right parotid gland with clinically presenting as painless, gradual enlargement of the preauricular mass. The histopathologic examination of the parotid gland is characterized by malignant epithelial cells with dense lymphoid stroma. Immunohistochemical stains show positive reactivity to cytokeratin and p53 in malignant epithelial cells. In situ hybridization of the Epstein-Barr virus-encoded Ribonucleic acid shows positivity in malignant epithelial cells. Clinical and pathologic features with relevant literatures are discussed. These are the first reported cases of primary parotid lymphoepithelial carcinoma associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection in Thailand and Southeast Asia.

Laryngeal hyperfunction during whispering: reality or myth?

For years, otolaryngologists and voice therapists have warned voice patients that whispering causes more trauma to the larynx than normal speech. However, no large series of patients has ever been examined fiberoptically during whispering to test this hypothesis. As part of our routine examination, patients are asked to count from 1 to 10 in a normal voice and in a whispered voice. We reviewed recorded fiberoptic examinations of 100 patients who had voice complaints. We compared supraglottic hyperfunction and vocal fold closure during the normal and whispered phonation of each patient. Sixty-nine percent of the patients demonstrated increased supraglottic hyperfunction with whispered voice. Eighteen percent had no change, and 13% had less severe hyperfunction. The most common glottal configuration during whisper was an inverted Y, which resulted from compression of the anterior and middle thirds of the true vocal folds. However, 12 patients had no true vocal fold contact during whispered voice, despite having adequate glottic closure with normal voice. Although whispering involves more severe hyperfunction in most patients, it does not seem to do so in all patients. In some patients, it may be less traumatic than normal voice.

Repetitive phonatory tasks for identifying vocal fold paresis.

Vocal fold paresis may be present in patients with voice complaints. Identification of paresis is important so that appropriate neurolaryngologic evaluation can be ordered and the appropriate treatment can be offered. Repetitive phonatory tasks (RPTs) fatigue patients vocally and may elicit signs of subtle paresis. In this study, four laryngologists independently reviewed the RPT portions of routine fiberoptic voice examinations of 100 patients in a blinded fashion. All patients had presented with voice complaints, were suspected of having a movement disorder of the larynx, and had been referred for laryngeal electromyography (LEMG). Predictions were compared with LEMG results and with predictions made at the time of each initial evaluation. Although RPTs are useful to laryngologists, predictions based on the entire examination are more accurate. LEMG can confirm clinical suspicions or identify paresis missed on fiberoptic laryngeal examination.

Concurrent chromomycosis and aspergillosis of the maxillary sinus.

The authors describe a rare case of an infection of both the chromomycosis and aspergillosis of the maxillary sinus in an immunocompetent 72-year-old female who presented with progressive visual loss and dull aching pain of the left eye. Sinuscopy of the left maxillary sinus showed swelling of the mucosa with clay-like materials. Biopsy from the left maxillary sinus showed the typically characteristic morphology of chromomycosis and culture from sinus tissue which yielded Aspergillus. The patient responded to a combination therapy of surgical excision and antifungal agent.