Medidas antropométricas associadas ao tempo de encarceramento de pessoas privadas de liberdade / Medidas antropométricas relacionadas con el tiempo de encarcelamiento de personas privadas de la libertad / Anthropometric measures associated with incarceration length of persons deprived of their liberty

Resumo Objetivo Analisar as medidas antropométricas associadas ao tempo de encarceramento de pessoas privadas de liberdade. Métodos Estudo transversal, realizado com 220 homens privados de liberdade. Os dados foram coletados por meio de instrumento que abrangia informações do encarceramento atual, sociodemográficas e das condições de vida antes do encarceramento, além de aferição de medidas antropométricas. Utilizaram-se estatística descritiva, testes de associações e ajuste de modelos de regressão logística binária controlados pelo tempo de encarceramento (até 1ano e mais de 1ano). Resultados Houve associação significativa entre o tempo de encarceramento e a circunferência abdominal (RC de 0,41; IC95%0,16-0,97). Os resultados da correlação de Spearman apontaram que, à medida que aumentou o tempo de encarceramento, as medidas antropométricas diminuíram, com relação negativa de fraca magnitude e significativa apenas para o índice de conicidade (r=-0,1648; p=0,0144). Os modelos ajustados controlados pelo tempo de encarceramento mostraram associações significativas com idade em anos (RC de 1,08; IC95%=1,04;1,12) e circunferência abdominal; idade (RC de 1,08; IC95%1,04-1,12) e razão cintura e estatura; e idade (RC de 1,10; IC95%1,06-1,14), anos de estudo (RC de 2,17; IC95%1,10-4,26) e possuir parceiro(a) (RC de 0,46; IC95%0,22-0,93) com o índice de conicidade. Conclusão À medida que aumenta o tempo de encarceramento, há redução das medidas antropométricas das pessoas privadas de liberdade. As variáveis antropométricas influenciam diretamente no desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e devem ser monitoradas para elaboração de estratégias que minimizem os riscos e os agravos à saúde dessa população vulnerável.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar las medidas antropométricas relacionadas con el tiempo de encarcelamiento de personas privadas de la libertad. Métodos Estudio transversal, realizado con 220 hombres privados de la libertad. Los datos fueron recopilados mediante un instrumento que incluía información del encarcelamiento actual, sociodemográfica y de las condiciones de vida antes del encarcelamiento, además de la comparación de medidas antropométricas. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, pruebas de asociación y ajuste de modelos de regresión logística binaria controlados por el tiempo de encarcelamiento (hasta 1 año y más de 1 año). Resultados Hubo asociación significativa entre el tiempo de encarcelamiento y la circunferencia abdominal (RC de 0,41; IC95%0,16-0,97). Los resultados de la correlación de Spearman indicaron que, a media que aumentaba el tiempo de encarcelamiento, las medidas antropométricas disminuían, con relación negativa de escasa magnitud y significativa para el índice de conicidad (r=-0,1648; p=0,0144). Los modelos ajustados controlados por el tiempo de encarcelamiento mostraron asociaciones significativas con la edad en años (RC de 1,08; IC95%=1,04;1,12) y circunferencia abdominal; edad (RC de 1,08; IC95%1,04-1,12) y razón de cintura y estatura; y edad (RC de 1,10; IC95%1,06-1,14), años de estudio (RC de 2,17; IC95%1,10-4,26) y tener pareja (RC de 0,46; IC95%0,22-0,93) con el índice de conicidad. Conclusión A medida que aumenta el tiempo de encarcelamiento, hay una reducción de las medidas antropométricas de las personas privadas de la libertad. Las variables antropométricas influyen directamente en el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y deben controlarse para la elaboración de estrategias que minimicen los riesgos y los agravios a la salud de esta población vulnerable.

Abstract Objective To analyze the anthropometric measures associated with incarceration length of people deprived of their liberty. Methods This is a cross-sectional study carried out with 220 men deprived of their liberty. Data were collected using an instrument that included information on current incarceration, sociodemographic information and living conditions before incarceration, in addition to measuring anthropometric measures. Descriptive statistics, association tests and adjustment of binary logistic regression models controlled by incarceration length (up to 1 year and more than 1 year) were used. Results There was a significant association between incarceration length and abdominal circumference (OR 0.41; 95%CI 0.16-0.97). The results of Spearman's correlation showed that, as the incarceration length increased, the anthropometric measures decreased, with a negative relationship of weak magnitude and significant only for the conicity index (r=-0.1648; p=0.0144). Adjusted models controlled for incarceration length showed significant associations with age in years (OR 1.08; 95%CI=1.04;1.12) and abdominal circumference; age (OR 1.08; 95%CI 1.04-1.12) and waist-to-height ratio; and age (OR 1.10; 95%CI 1.06-1.14), years of education (OR 2.17; 95%CI 1.10-4.26) and having a partner (OR 0 .46; 95%CI0.22-0.93) with the conicity index. Conclusion As incarceration length increases, there is a reduction in the anthropometric measures of persons deprived of their liberty. Anthropometric variables directly influence the development of non-communicable chronic diseases and must be monitored to develop strategies that minimize the risks and health problems of this vulnerable population.

Correlation between age, gender, and the number of diagnoses of temporomandibular disorders through magnetic resonance imaging: A retrospective observational study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation among age, gender and the number of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) findings. METHODS: The records from 228 patients with TMD were analyzed for the presence of these findings: morphological changes, disc displacement with reduction (DDWR) and without reduction (DDWOR), bone edema, effusion, and avascular necrosis. Statistical analyses were conducted using multinomial regression with a 5% significance level. RESULTS: DDWR was the most frequent finding. Group 1 was composed of 94 patients (41.22%), Group 2, of 67 patients (29.38%), and Group 3, of 67 patients (29.38%). Men were significantly less likely to belong to Group 3 than women (p = 0.5517). Older patients were slightly more likely to fall in Groups 2 and 3 than in Group 1. DISCUSSION: Women were shown to be more susceptible to developing a higher number of concomitant conditions than men, and the number of findings tended to increase with age.

Effervescent Glutamine Formulation Improves the Beneficial Effects of Antiretroviral Therapies on Immune Function in HIV/AIDS Carrier Patients.

The impact of oral supplementation with an effervescent glutamine formulation on the beneficial effects of antiretroviral therapies was evaluated in people living with HIV/AIDS. For this purpose, 12 HIV/AIDS carrier patients with CD4+ T cell counts <500, and who had received the same antiretroviral therapy for at least 1 year before starting this investigation were selected. The patients were required to dissolve the effervescent glutamine formulation (supplied in sachets) in water immediately before oral ingestion (12.4 g), once a day, after lunch or after dinner during 30 days. CD4+ T cell counts, complete blood cell counts, serum cytokines, and amino acids levels were quantified; biochemical and toxicological measurements were performed. The numbers of CD4+ T cells were increased (P < .05), and the serum C-reactive protein levels decreased (P < .01) after the administration of effervescent glutamine formulation. Serum levels of interferon-gamma inducible protein-10, RANTES, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1ß were decreased after the treatment with effervescent glutamine formulation. No changes were observed in the serum levels of amino acids, hematological, toxicological, and biochemical parameters. In conclusion, the treatment during 30 days with effervescent glutamine formulation was well tolerated, promoted reduction of inflammation, and improved the beneficial effects of antiretroviral therapies in HIV/AIDS carrier patients.

Risk factors for suicidal behavior in a university population in Brazil: A retrospective study.

The present study aimed to evaluate whether variables related to personal and academic characteristics, past history, habits, and addictions were associated with suicidal behavior. Medical records of patients attending the Outpatient Psychiatry Department at the State University of Maringá between July 2016 and December 2017 were included in this retrospective study. The studied population was divided into two groups: 80 employees and 158 students. After performing the univariate analysis using Pearson's chi-square test or Fischer's exact test, the variables with p < 0.30 were included in a multivariate analysis using the binary logistic regression's backward stepwise method. The covariates 'childhood and adolescence maltreatment' and 'treatment phase' were highlighted. The first variable acts as a predictor of suicide attempt, increasing its likelihood by 9.86 times in employees and 5.62 times in students. On the other hand, the treatment phase represents a risk in patients in the adjustment phase and it serves as a predictor of SITBs in employees and students, increasing its likelihood by 7.68 and 8.66 times, respectively.

Effect of ultraviolet (UV-C) radiation on spores and biofilms of Alicyclobacillus spp. in industrialized orange juice.

Bacteria of the genus Alicyclobacillus pose serious quality problems for the juice processing industries that have sought effective alternatives for its control. The present study evaluated the effect of UV-C radiation on the reduction of spores and biofilm formation of Alicyclobacillus spp. on stainless steel and rubber surfaces using industrialized orange juice as a culture medium. Four reference Alicyclobacillus spp. species and different UV-C dosages were investigated. After exposed for 20 min (16.8 kJ/m2) to UV-C, the spores of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, Alicyclobacillus herbarius, and Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus decreased drastically more of 4 log CFU/mL, with counts below the detection limit of the method (<1.7 log CFU/mL), while the Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius spores were more sensitive to UV-C, once this spore reduction was observed within 15 min (12.6 kJ/m2). Morphological changes in the Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris spores were observed by scanning electron microscopy. A reduction of biofilm formation was observed for all UV-C treatments, and the higher reductions (approximately 2 log CFU/mL) were found for the Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius species after 30 min (26.2 kJ/m2), on the stainless steel and rubber surfaces. The results suggest that UV-C can be used to reduce the biofilm formation and could be a promising alternative for controlling Alicyclobacillus spp. spores in industrialized orange juice.

Correlation between clinical variables and magnetic resonance imaging findings in symptomatic patients with chronic temporomandibular articular disc displacement with reduction: A retrospective analytical study.

Objective: To correlate the clinical aspects of symptomatic patients with chronic articular disc displacement with reduction with alterations in the articular disc (AD) morphology and sagittal position. Methods: Records from 109 patients were selected that included data on AD morphology and sagittal position as determined by MRI. According to the MRI results, the sagittal position and AD morphology with opened and closed mouth were correlated with many clinical variables. Results: More than half of the patients studied were female, and the biconcave and hemiconvex morphologies were most common. Thirty-four patients (31.3%) presented with restricted maximum interincisal distance (MID). The biplanar morphology was associated with eccentric bruxism and MID (p < 0.05). Visual analog scale (VAS) scores between 2 and 7 were shown to be risk factors (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The mouth position can influence AD morphology and eccentric bruxism. VAS scores and unknown etiology were risk factors.

Retrospective study on sequelae in traumatized permanent teeth.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify possible associations of the presence or absence of posttrauma sequelae with the factors inherent to the traumatized tooth and treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study was performed through the evaluation of records and radiographs of a center of reference for dental trauma between January 2008 and December 2014. The factors were analyzed and associated with posttrauma sequelae, such as pulp necrosis and root resorption. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: A binomial logistic regression model was fit (P < 0.05). RESULTS: In luxations, it was possible to observe 37% pulp necrosis, 16% inflammatory root resorption, and 8% replacement resorption. The binomial logistic regression revealed that male gender (P = 0.0392, odds ratio [OR] = 2.79), avulsion injury (P = 0.0009, OR = 12.27), and elapsed time >16 days between the time of trauma to the beginning of the endodontic treatment (P = 0.0450, OR = 7.53) showed a greater chance of presenting a posttrauma complication. CONCLUSIONS: Gender, type of injury, stage of root development, and time after trauma until the beginning of the endodontic intervention were related to the appearance of sequelae.

Three-dimensional analysis of the pharyngeal airway space and hyoid bone position after orthognathic surgery.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the pharyngeal airway space (PAS) and hyoid bone position after orthognathic surgery with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was conducted with the tomographic records of 30 patients with skeletal class II or III deformities submitted to two different types of orthognathic surgery: Group 1 (n = 15), maxillary advancement, and mandibular setback; and Group 2 (n = 15), maxillomandibular advancement. CBCT scans were acquired preoperatively (T0); and at around 1.5 months (T1) and 6.7 months (T2) postoperatively. PAS volume, minimum cross-sectional area (min CSA), and hyoid bone position changes were assessed with Dolphin Imaging 3D software, and results analyzed with ANOVA and a Tukey-Kramer test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The hyoid bone was significantly displaced in the horizontal dimension, moving posteriorly in Group 1, and anteriorly in Group 2. Although PAS volume and min CSA increased after both surgeries, these measurements were significantly larger only in Group 2. The significant differences that existed between groups preoperatively no longer existed after the surgeries. CONCLUSIONS: Both orthognathic surgeries assessed resulted in changes in hyoid bone position and increased PAS volume and min CSA, particularly after maxillomandibular advancement surgery.

Fish oil provides a sustained antiamnesic effect after acute, transient forebrain ischemia but not after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in middle-aged rats.

We reported that fish oil (FO) abolishes retrograde amnesia consistently following transient global cerebral ischemia (TGCI) in young rats, provided it covered the first days prior to and after ischemia. Here, we further evaluated whether FO given post-ischemia in older rats (15-18 months old) is equally effective in facilitating memory recovery. We also tested whether the antiamnesic effect of FO observed after TGCI can be reproduced after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). FO (300 mg/kg docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) was delivered orally 4h after TGCI and continued once per day for 9 days. In the CCH group, FO treatment began soon after the first stage of 4-VO/ICA and continued daily for 43 days. Two weeks after surgery, the animals were tested for retrograde memory performance across 5 weeks. Both TGCI and CCH caused persistent memory impairment and hippocampal and cortical neurodegeneration. TGCI-induced retrograde amnesia was reversed by FO, an effect that was sustained for at least 5 weeks after discontinuing treatment. In contrast, the memory deficit caused by CCH remained unchanged after FO treatment. Both hippocampal and cortical damage was not alleviated by FO. We conclude that the FO-mediated antiamnesic effect following TGCI can be extended to older rats, even when the treatment begins 4h postischemia. Such efficacy was not reproduced after CCH. Therefore, the present results support the notion that FO may have therapeutic utility in treating learning/memory dysfunction after acute/transient cerebral ischemia and suggest that such benefits may not apply when a state of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency is present.

[Household survey into physiotherapy use by women in Guarapuava-Paraná-Brazil]. / Inquérito domiciliar sobre uso da Fisioterapia por mulheres em Guarapuava-Paraná-Brasil.

The scope of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the use of physiotherapy by women and analyze the variables associated with its utilization. A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out with 885 women aged over 18 living in the urban area of Guarapuava, Parana state, Brazil. A confidence level of 95% and an error margin of 3% were used for sample calculations. The sample was randomly selected and the interviews were carried out between October and December 2006. Statistica 7.1 and SAS 9.1 software was used to analyze the data, and the prevalence, chi-square and multivariate analysis were calculated and logistic regression was performed. The prevalence of the use of physiotherapy by women was 27.3%, where 48% used the public service, 45% used health insurance services and only 7% used private services. Variables including age, profession, financial conditions and type of assistance were associated with the use of physiotherapy (p<0,0001). It was concluded that the majority of women used physiotherapy for orthopedic problems. Surveys involving physiotherapy need to be conducted to encourage the use of this form of therapy.

Inquérito domiciliar sobre uso da Fisioterapia por mulheres em Guarapuava-Paraná-Brasil / Household survey into physiotherapy use by women in Guarapuava-Paraná-Brazil

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a prevalência do uso da fisioterapia por mulheres e analisar as variáveis associadas à sua utilização. Foi realizado estudo transversal de base populacional incluindo 885 mulheres com idade mínima de 18 anos residentes na zona urbana de Guarapuava, estado do Paraná, Brasil. Considerou-se nível de confiança de 95 por cento e margem de erro de 3 por cento para cálculo amostral. A amostra foi selecionada aleatoriamente, e as entrevistas foram realizadas entre outubro e dezembro de 2006. Utilizou-se os softwares Statistica 7.1 e SAS 9.1 para análise dos dados, calculou-se prevalência, qui quadrado, análise multivariada (análise de correspondência) e realizou-se regressão logística. A prevalência do uso da fisioterapia por mulheres foi de 27,3 por cento, onde 48 por cento utilizaram o serviço público, 45 por cento assistência privada, e apenas 7 por cento assistência particular. Variáveis como idade, profissão, classificação econômica e tipo de assistência à saúde estiveram associadas à realização de fisioterapia (p<0,0001). Conclui-se que, dentre as mulheres que procuraram o serviço de fisioterapia, a maioria o fez por problemas ortopédicos. Pesquisas envolvendo a fisioterapia precisam ser realizadas para auxiliar no crescimento desta modalidade terapêutica.

The scope of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the use of physiotherapy by women and analyze the variables associated with its utilization. A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out with 885 women aged over 18 living in the urban area of Guarapuava, Parana state, Brazil. A confidence level of 95 percent and an error margin of 3 percent were used for sample calculations. The sample was randomly selected and the interviews were carried out between October and December 2006. Statistica 7.1 and SAS 9.1 software was used to analyze the data, and the prevalence, chi-square and multivariate analysis were calculated and logistic regression was performed. The prevalence of the use of physiotherapy by women was 27.3 percent, where 48 percent used the public service, 45 percent used health insurance services and only 7 percent used private services. Variables including age, profession, financial conditions and type of assistance were associated with the use of physiotherapy (p<0,0001). It was concluded that the majority of women used physiotherapy for orthopedic problems. Surveys involving physiotherapy need to be conducted to encourage the use of this form of therapy.

Prevalência de transtornos depressivos e de ansiedade em pacientes obesos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica / Prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders in obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery

A obesidade mórbida está relacionada a muitos transtornos psiquiátricos e possui como opção terapêutica a cirurgia bariátrica. Objetivo: caracterizar a prevalência de transtornos depressivos e de ansiedade em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica no Hospital Universitário Regional de Maringá e do Centro de Cirurgia de Obesidade de Maringá. Métodos: o estudo foi realizado com 50 pacientes obesos mórbidos submetidos à Cirurgia Bariátrica em diferentes períodos: pré-operatório, um mês de pós-operatório, três meses de pós-operatório e seis meses de pós-operatório. A avaliação do Transtorno Depressivo foi realizada pela aplicação do Inventário de Depressão de Beck, sendo outro instrumento utilizado neste trabalho a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HAD). Resultados: a prevalência de quadros sugestivos de ansiedade foi: 40% (20 pacientes) no pré-operatório, 18% no primeiro mês pós-operatório, 8% no terceiro mês pós-operatório e 14% no sexto mês pós-operatório. Quadros sugestivos de depressão foram encontrados em: 26% (13 pacientes) no pré-operatório, 10% no primeiro mês pós-operatório e no terceiro mês pós-operatório e 8% no sexto mês pós-operatório. Conclusão: Os níveis de Ansiedade foram altos no pré-operatório, diminuíram no 1º e 3º mês pós-operatório e voltaram a subir no sexto mês, atingindo níveis mais altos que no terceiro mês.

Morbid obesity is associated to several psychiatric disorders and bariatric surgery is a therapeutic option. Current research characterizes the prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders in patients who underwent bariatric surgery at the Regional Hospital of Maringá and at the Obesity Surgery Center of Maringá, Maringá PR Brazil. Study was undertaken with 50 morbid obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery and comprised different periods, namely, pre-surgery, one month after surgery, three months after surgery and six months after surgery. Depressive disorder was evaluated by Beck's Depression Inventory and by the Hospital Scale of Anxiety and Depression (HAD). Results show prevalence of anxiety in 40% (20) of patients during the pre-surgery period; 18% during the 1st post-surgery month; 8% during the 3rd post-surgery month and 14% during the 6th post-surgery month. High rates of depression were found in 26% (13) of patients in the pre-surgery period; 10% in the 1st and 3rd post-surgery month and 8% in the 6th post-surgery month. Levels of anxiety were actually high in the pre-operative period but they decreased in the 1st and 3rd months after surgery. However, a rise during the 6th month was reported which reached higher levels than that during the 3rd month.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Kaingang native americans in southern Brazil

The aim of this work was to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and obesity among a Brazilian indigenous population. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2008 among Kaingang native Americans from the central region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Eighty two of the inhabitants aged 15 or older were selected. Height, weight, blood pressure, waistline circumference, and hip circumference were measured. After fasting, the blood was collected for the measurement of glucose, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, total cholesterol, AI and B apolipoprotein, and hemoglobin. The prevalences found were: fasting hyperglycemia (9.8 percent), hypercholesterolemia (4.9 percent), reduced HDL cholesterol (13.4 percent), hypertriglyceridemia (11 percent), abdominal obesity (37.8 percent), generalized obesity (26.8 percent), arterial hypertension (26.8 percent), and anemia (46.3 percent). The prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among the Kaingang was 11 percent, all in females 20 to 49 years of age. The results suggested that the changes in the indigenous lifestyle, especially in eating habits and physical activity, have occurred.

Diagnóstico precoce do câncer de mama e colo uterino em mulheres do município de Guarapuava, PR, Brasil / Early diagnosis of breast and cervical cancer in women from the municipality of Guarapuava, PR, Brazil / Diagnósticos precoz de cáncer de mama y de cuello uterino en mujeres del municipio de Guarapuava, PR, Brasil

O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar a freqüência com que é realizado o diagnóstico precoce do câncer de mama e de colo uterino no município de Guarapuava, Paraná. Realizou-se estudo transversal de base populacional, incluindo 885 mulheres com idade mínima de 18 anos, no período de outubro a dezembro de 2006. Considerou-se nível de confiança de 95 por cento e margem de erro de 3 por cento para cálculo amostral. Utilizou-se o software Statistica versão 7.1 para a análise dos dados, considerando nível de significância de 5 por cento. O auto-exame das mamas foi realizado por 63 por cento das entrevistadas e o exame clínico em 49 por cento. A mamografia foi realizada por menos de um quarto da amostra. A prevenção do câncer de colo uterino foi praticada pela maioria das mulheres (80 por cento). Conclui-se que as mulheres da amostra estudada realizam exames preventivos de câncer de mama com menos freqüência, se comparado ao exame preventivo de colo de útero.

The objective of this study is to identify the frequency in which the early diagnosis of breast and cervical cancer takes place in the municipality of Guarapuava, Paraná. A cross-sectional study with population basis was carried out including 885 women with the minimum age of 18 years old, in the period from October to December of 2006. The sample calculation considered the trust level of 95 percent and the error margin of 3 percent. The software Statistica version 7.1 was used for the data analysis, considering the level of significance of 5 percent. Breast self-examination was performed by 63 percent of the interviewees and clinical examination by 49 percent. The mammography was performed by less than one forth of the sample. The prevention of cervical cancer was practiced by most of the women (80 percent). The conclusion was that the studied women from the sample perform preventive exams of breast cancer with less frequency, when compared to cervical cancer preventive exams.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar la frecuencia en la realización de diagnóstico precoz de cáncer de mama y de cuello uterino en mujeres del municipio de Guarapuava-Paraná-Brasil. Se realizó estudio transversal sobre base poblacional de 885 mujeres con edad mínima de 18 años en el período de octubre a diciembre de 2006. Se consideró un nivel de confianza del 95 por ciento un margen de error del 3 por ciento para el cálculo de la muestra. Se utilizó el software Statistica versión 7.1 para el análisis de los datos, considerándose un nivel de significatividad de 5 por ciento. El autoexamen mamario es realizado por el 63 por ciento de las entrevistadas, y el examen clínico por el 49 por ciento. Menos de un cuarto de la muestra se efectuó mamografías. La prevención del cáncer de cuello uterino fue practicada por la mayoría de las mujeres (80 por ciento). Se concluyó en que las mujeres de la muestra estudiada realizan exámenes preventivos del cáncer de mama con menor prevalencia en comparación al examen preventivo de cáncer de cuello de útero.

[Early diagnosis of breast and cervical cancer in women from the municipality of Guarapuava, PR, Brazil]. / Diagnóstico precoce do câncer de mama e colo uterino em mulheres do município de Guarapuava, PR, Brasil.

The objective of this study is to identify the frequency in which the early diagnosis of breast and cervical cancer takes place in the municipality of Guarapuava, Paraná. A cross-sectional study with population basis was carried out including 885 women with the minimum age of 18 years old, in the period from October to December of 2006. The sample calculation considered the trust level of 95% and the error margin of 3%. The software Statistica version 7.1 was used for the data analysis, considering the level of significance of 5%. Breast self-examination was performed by 63% of the interviewees and clinical examination by 49%. The mammography was performed by less than one forth of the sample. The prevention of cervical cancer was practiced by most of the women (80%). The conclusion was that the studied women from the sample perform preventive exams of breast cancer with less frequency, when compared to cervical cancer preventive exams.

Immunohistochemical study of ER, PR and HER2 expression in obese and non-obese menopausal women with breast cancer

Objective: Analyze the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2 in obese and non-obese postmenopausal patients with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out in 163 postmenopausal patients with breast cancer at the mastology clinic of the Regional Hospital of Maringá State University and a private mastology clinic from January 2002 to December 2006. A bivariate analysis was used with the non-parametric tests Chi-square and Fisher’s exact. For obesity calculation, the body mass index (BMI) was used based on the Latin American Obesity Consensus (1999) and on the World Health Organization (1998). Immunohistochemical techniques were performed for ER and PR detection and FISH and CISH methods for HER2 detection. Results: Positive ER in 84 percent of the patients (59 percent in non-obese and 25 percent in obese). A negative result was found in 16 percent of the total of patients (11 percent in non-obese and 5 percent in obese). PR was positive in 76 percent of the total (53 percent in non-obese and 23 percent in obese), and negative in 24 percent (17 percent in non-obese and 7 percent in obese).The overexpression of HER2 was positive in 18 percent (14 percent in non-obese and 4 percent in obese), and negative in 82 percent (56 percent in non- obese and 26 percent in obese).The body mass index cross-comparison with the variables ER, PR and HER2 showed all p-values greater than 0.05 (95 percent CI). Therefore, they are not statistically significant. Conclusions: No significant difference was found between ER and PR among the obese and non-obese patients (p>0.05). No relevant difference was found in HER2 hyperexpression among obese women (p>0.05).

Utilização de automóveis familiares para o transporte de crianças: um estudo preliminar sobre o uso de dispositivos de retenção infantil / Family car use for transportation of children: a preliminary study of the use of child car seats

OBJETIVOS: determinar a freqüência de utilização de automóveis familiares por usuários de creches na cidade de Maringá, Paraná, Brasil. MÉTODOS: a cidade foi agrupada em seis estratos, de acordo com características sócio-ocupacionais da população e tipo de creches. Utilizando breves entrevistas com os coordenadores das creches foi mensurada a freqüência de utilização de automóveis para o transporte de crianças às creches em cada estrato. RESULTADOS: 62,4% dos usuários de automóveis familiares para o transporte de crianças concentram-se em 32 creches, de quatro estratos. CONCLUSÕES: os quatro estratos que contém a maioria dos usuários de automóveis serão exploradas por estudo futuro para determinar a freqüência de utilização de dispositivos de retenção infantil.

OBJECTIVES: to investigate the frequency of use of the family car for transportation of children to day-care centers in the city of Maringá, State of Paraná, Brazil. METHODS: the city was divided into six strata according to social and occupational characteristics and the day care-center attended. Utilizing short interviews with day-care centers' coordinators it was measured the frequency of use of car for transportation of children to day-care centers to each stratum. RESULTS: 62.4% of the families that use cars for transporting children to day-care centers used 32 of the day-care centers and fell into four of the demographic strata. CONCLUSIONS: the four strata that contain the majority of car users will be explored by future investigation to determine the frequency of use of the child car seat.

Prevalência dos transtornos mentais em pacientes atendidos no ambulatório da residência médica de psiquiatria da Universidade Estadual de Maringá / Prevalence of mental disorders in patients treated at the psychiatry residency clinic at the State University of Maringá

Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil dos pacientes no Ambulatório de Psiquiatria da Residência do Hospital Universitário Regional de Maringá, por idade, sexo, cor, religião, escolaridade, estado civil, profissão, avaliando a prevalência dos transtornos mentais. Métodos: pesquisa nos prontuários dos pacientes atendidos neste serviço, entre maio de 2002 e dezembro de 2005. Foram utilizados a Análise Multivariada (análise de Correspondência) e o aplicativo Statistica 7.8, para caracterizar o diagnóstico. Resultados: A depressão correspondeu a 29% dos diagnósticos, seguida pela categoria Transtorno Afetivo Bipolar com 16%. Constatou-se que a maioria dos pacientes é do sexo feminino (68,19%), com idade média de 40,28 anos e desvio-padrão de 15,24 anos. A cor branca predomina com 70,87%, assim como os casados que totalizam 52%. Conclusão: foi registrada alta taxa de utilização do serviço de saúde por pessoas com diagnóstico de transtorno depressivo, transtorno bipolar e transtornos ansiosos, correspondendo a 60% dos pacientes

Objective: to build a profile of patients treated in the Psychiatry Residency Clinic at the Regional University Hospital of Maringá as for age, gender, ethnicity, religion, education level, marital status and profession, and evaluate the prevalence of mental disorders among them. Methods: research of the medical records of patients treated at the location, between May 2002 and December 2005. In order to reach a diagnosis, the study made use of Multivariate Analysis (Correspondence Analysis) and the Statistica 7.8 software application. Results: Depression comprised 29% of diagnoses, followed by bipolar affective disorder with 16%. It was observed that the majority of patients were women (68.19%), with an average age of 40.28 ± 15.24 years. Caucasian patients were the majority (70.87%), and 52% of patients were married. Conclusion: It was observed that 60% of patients who looked for treatment were diagnosed with depression, bipolar or anxiety disorders

Doença de Chagas: achados eletrocardiográficos e índice de volume atrial esquerdo / Chagas disease: eletrocardiografic finds and left atrial volume index

O objetivo deste trabalho foi relacionar o eletrocardiograma (ECG) com o ecoDopplercardiograma (ECO),enfocando o Índice de Volume Atrial Esquerdo (IVAE). Participaram 75 pacientes positivos para doença de Chagas (DC). O cálculo do volume atrial esquerdo foi indexado pela superfície corporal. Foi avaliada apresença de comorbidades passíveis de interferir no IVAE. Os participantes: idade média de 56±11 anos, 38,7% sexo masculino, principalmente do Paraná (28,0%), São Paulo (22,7%), Minas Gerais (21,3%), hipertensos 53 (71,0%). Apresentavam sobrepeso 25 (33,3%), sendo 21 obesos, grau I (28,0%). IVAEaumentado em 35. Vinte e sete tinham ECG normal e destes nove tinham IVAE aumentado. De 48 participantes com ECG alterado, 36 tinham alterações sugestivas de DC e destes 19 tinham IVAE aumentado. Dos 12 com ECG alterado não-sugestivo de DC, sete tinham IVAE aumentado. O IVAE é fácil de serincorporado à rotina, não aumenta a duração do exame ou desconforto do paciente, e associado às de mais informações do ECO e ECG é útil no seguimento de indivíduos com sorologia positiva para DC, detectando precocemente o envolvimento cardíaco.

The objective of this study was to establish a relationship between eletrocardiogram (EKG) andechodopplercardiogram (ECO) results, focusing on the Left Atrial Volume Index (LAVI). Seventy-fiveparticipants who had tested positive for Chagas disease (CD) were evaluated. Left atrial volume was measuredby corporal surface. The presence of co-morbidities able of interfering with LAVI were evaluated. Theparticipants: median age 56±11 years old; 38.7% male, mainly from Paraná (28.0%), São Paulo (22.7%), MinasGerais (21.3%) states; 53 (71.0%) presented high blood pressure. Twenty-five participants were overweight(33.3%), with 21 being Grade I obese (28.0%). Thirty-five (46.7%) had an increased LAVI. Twenty-sevenshowed normal EKG results. Of these, 9 had increased LAVI. From 48 participants with altered EKG results, 36displayed alterations indicative of CD. Nineteen of them had increased LAVI. From 12 participants with EKGdisplaying alterations not indicative of CD, seven had increased LAVI. LAVI is easy to incorporate into routine,does not increase the duration of the exam or patient discomfort, and along with the additional information fromECO and EKG, is useful in the follow up of CD patients, detecting early heart conditions.

El objetivo era establecer una relación entre electrocardiograma (EKG) y echoDopplercardiograma (ECO),enfocando el Índice de Volumen Atrial Izquierdo (IVAI). Participaron setenta y cinco pacientes positivos para enfermedad de Chagas (EC). El cálculo del volumen del atrio izquierdo fue indexado por la superficie corpórea.Fue evaluada la presencia de co-morbosidades capaces de interferir en el IVAI. Los participantes: edad mediade 56±11 años, un 38,7% varón, principalmente de Paraná (28,0%), São Paulo (22,7%), Minas Gerais (21,3%), hipertensos 53 (71,0%). Presentaban sobrepeso 25 (33,3), siendo 21 obesos grado I (28,0%). Treinta y cinco(46,7%) teníam IVAI aumentado. 27 mostraron EKG normal. De éstos nueve tenían IVAI aumentado. De 48 participantes con EKG alterado, 36 presentaban alteraciones sugestivas de EC. Diecinueve de ellos tenían IVAIaumentado. De los 12 participantes con EKG alterado no-sugestivo de EC, siete tenían IVAI aumentado. ElIVAI es fácil de ser llevado a cabo en la rutina, no aumenta la duración del examen o la incomodidad delpaciente, y asociado a las demás informaciones de ECO y EKG es útil en el seguimiento de individuos conserología positiva para EC, detectando precozmente el envolvimiento cardiaco.

Fatores de risco para infecção parasitária intestinal em crianças e funcionários de creche / Factors of risk for intestinal parasitism in children and employees in a daycare center

Neste trabalho, estabeleceu-se a ocorrência de parasitoses intestinais em crianças e funcionários da creche municipal de Itambé-PR, e os fatores de risco relacionados a ela. Foram investigados 145 indivíduos (127crianças e 18 adultos). O exame parasitológico foi realizado pelos métodos de Faust et al. e Lutz. Foi aplicadoum questionário semi-estruturado, padronizado com questões relativas às condições epidemiológicas nas quais vive a população estudada. Foram utilizados os testes do Qui-quadrado e de Regressão Logística, empregando o método stepwise para análise dos dados. Verificou-se um parasitismo de 34,5%, sendo Giardia duodenalis(54,7%) a espécie predominante, principalmente em crianças menores de dois anos (23- 65,7%). As variáveis que permaneceram estatisticamente associadas à presença da parasitose foram gênero, idade e tipo de água consumida. Crianças com até dois anos de idade tiveram 4,8 vezes mais chances de adquirir parasitose, o gênero feminino foi considerado fator de proteção e quem consumiu água não-filtrada teve 15,9 vezes mais chance de ter parasitoses. Este trabalho permitiu concluir que as infecções intestinais, em crianças e adultos da creche municipal, constituem um problema de saúde pública para o município de Itambé-PR e são indicativos de condições socioeconômicas, higiênicas e culturais inadequadas.

This work established the occurrence of intestinal parasitism in children and adults at a municipal day-carecenter in Itambé/PR, as well as related risk factors. One hundred forty-five individuals were investigated (127children and 18 adults). Parasitological examinations were carried out by the Faust et al. and Lutz methods. Asemi-structured questionnaire regarding the epidemiological conditions of the population was applied. Chisquareand Stepwise Logistic Regression tests were applied for analysis of the data. A parasitism rate of 34.5%was verified, with Giardia duodenalis (54.7%) as the predominant species, mainly in children < 2 years (23 -65.7%). Gender, age and type of consumed water were the variables statistically associated with the occurence of parasitism. Children up to two years of age had 4.8 times greater probabilities of acquiring parasitism. The female gender was considered a protection factor. Children who consumed non-filtered water have 15.9 times greater possibilities to have parasitism. This paper concluded that intestinal parasite infections in children andadults of the day-care center constitute a problem of public health for the city of Itambé/PR, and are indicative of inadequate socio-economic, hygienic and cultural conditions.

En este trabajo fue establecida la ocurrencia del parasitismo intestinal en niños y adultos en un centro de guardería municipal de Itambé/PR y los factores de riesgo relacionados a ella. Fueron investigados cientos cuarenta y cinco individuos (127 niños y 18 adultos). El examen parasitológico fue realizado por los métodos de Faust et al. y Lutz. Fue aplicado un cuestionario semiestructurado, estandarizado con cuestiones relativas a las condiciones epidemiológicas en las cuales vive la población estudiada. Fueron utilizados testes del Chicuadradoy de la Regresión Logística, empleando el método stepwise para análisis de los datos. Unparasitismo de 34.5% fue verificado, siendo Giardia duodenalis (54.7%) la especie predominante, principalmente en niños con menos de 2 años (23 - 65.7%). El género, la edad y el tipo de agua consumida fueron las variables que permanecieron estadísticamente asociadas a la presencia de parasitosis. Los niñoscon hasta dos años de edad tuvieron 4,8 veces más posibilidades de adquirir el parasitosis, el género femeninofue considerado factor de protección, y los que consumieron el agua no-filtrada tuvieron 15,9 veces más posibilidad de tener parasitosis. Este estudio concluyó que las infecciones intestinales del parásito en niños y adultos del centro de guardería municipal constituyen un problema de salud pública para el municipio de Itambé/PR y son indicativas de condiciones social-económicas, higiénicas y culturales inadecuadas.